Exam 1 bi 111

This level of organization is the defining level of biology. As far as we know, life is an emergent property that exists at this level. Below this level, no single entity is truly alive. molecule cell population organism

cell

steroids are used for

communication

Proteins within muscles interact, causing the whole muscle to shorten (contract). Which is the emergent property? interaction of the proteins contraction of the muscle

contraction of the muscle

The peptide bond that forms between two amino acids is an example of a(n): hydrogen bond covalent bond ionic bond

covalent bond

Does the DNA in the skin cell have the same backbone as DNA in the brain cell of the same organism? a.No, the backbones will be different in each cell type. b.No, the backbones will be different because of mutations. c.Yes, the backbones of DNA are different for each person, but within the organism - they are the same in all cells. d.Yes, all backbones of ALL DNA molecules are the same.

d

Which is NOT a function of proteins? a.Maintains structure of animal cells b.Recognition of specific particles. c.Move substances in and out of the cell. d.Form the bulk of cellular membranes.

d

Read the following statements. Which one is NOT an example of the characteristics of life? a. Your body gives off heat after running up several flights of stairs. b. Drinking water after perspiring while working in the garden on a hot day. c. A single-celled organism dividing into two separate organisms. d. A fertilized egg developing into a young chick. e. All of the examples above demonstrate characteristics of life. f. None of the examples above demonstrate characteristics of life.

e

What characteristic of carbon makes it a good backbone for creating diverse and durable molecules? Carbon is a large atom. Carbon forms four covalent bonds. Carbon forms hydrogen bonds. All of these are true.

Carbon forms four covalent bonds.

Which of the following is characterized as dietary fiber? Glycogen Cellulose Starch Sucrose

Cellulose

Which polysaccharide is most similar to chitin? Glucose Glycogen Cellulose Starch

Cellulose

DNA plays a central role in which of these processes? growth development reproduction DNA is essential for all of these

DNA is essential for all of thes

This carbohydrate is produced by animals for energy storage Chitin Cellulose Starch Glycogen

Glycogen

Which is the correct order from smallest to largest? Cell < Molecule < Tissue < Organ Molecule < Cell < Tissue < Organ Cell < Tissue < Molecule < Organ Molecule < Tissue < Cell < Organ

Molecule < Cell < Tissue < Organ

Which of the following is the smallest? Starch Ribose Lactose Sucrose

Ribose

How many phosphate groups does ATP have? 1 2 3 4

3

An element has 43 protons and 50 neutrons. What is the ATOMIC MASS of this element? 43 50 93

93

Aristotle's statement "The whole is much greater than the sum of its parts." Explains which of the following? a.Interactions between biotic and abiotic components b. Emergent Properties c.Life uses energy and raw materials to grow d. None of these

B

Which of the following would a biologist study? Select all that apply. a. How bacteria respond to antibiotic treatments. b.How algae interact with various fish. c.How to produce new varieties of corn plants. d. How earthquakes can be better predicted.

abc

Where do competitive inhibitors bind on an enzyme? allosteric site active site competitive site substrate

active site

what makes up a protein ?

amino group of each amino acid is joined to the carboxylate group of the preceding amino acid.

Detergents are nonpolar neither polar nor nonpolar amphipathic polar

amphipathic

You test bleach (pH 13) with red litmus paper. What color would you expect to see? Green Blue Yellow Red

blue

Detergents are ______________. polar nonpolar both polar and nonpolar neither polar nor nonpolar

both polar and non polar

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids? Also called oils Have double bonds Have bends in the fatty acid chain Solid at room temperature

solid at room temp

Which lipids have fused carbon rings? Waxes Triglycerides Steroids Phospholipids

steroids

Which characteristic of water protects fish when a lake freezes? All of the these characteristics. water as a solvent cohesion water is less dense as a solid

water is less dense as a solid

How many glycerols in a triglyceride? 1 2 3 4

1

What is the monomer that is used to build proteins? Amino acids Monosaccharides Fatty acids Nucleotides

Amin acids

The ability or tendency of organisms and cells to maintain stable internal conditions is called evolution emergent property metabolism homeostasis

Homeostasis

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. This attraction is called: a covalent bond an ionic bond a hydrogen bond

Hydrogen Bond

Your aquarium contains three goldfish, one turtle, some plants, and millions of bacteria and algae. All those organisms together form a(n): Biosphere Population Community Ecosystem

community

Which characteristic of trans fats has been linked to an increased risk of heart diseases? They increase the levels of HDL They increase the levels of LDL They increase the levels of both HDL and LDL

They increase the levels of LDL

Which of the following changes when a protein denatures? Amino acid sequence Length of the entire protein Three dimensional structure

Three dimensional structure

Your thoughts arise from signals that zip around through a network of nerve cells in your brain. Which is the emergent property? Your brain. Your nerve cells. Your thoughts, and your ability to think.

Your thoughts, and your ability to think.

A product includes anecdotal evidence of its effectiveness. Many satisfied customers write glowing reviews; there are no negative reviews. Are these results scientifically significant? a. No. Without a controlled experiment the effectiveness of the product has not been significantly verified. b. Yes. Because many people used this product, it has effectively been tested. c No. Customer reviews are not trustworthy. d.Yes. If the product was not effective there would be at least one negative review.

a

How will lipids respond when immersed in water? a.The tails will orient away from the water b.The phospholipids will form crystals at the bottom of the solution c.The phospholipid will dissolve evenly in the water d.The heads will orient away from the water

a

Which statement about evolution is FALSE? a. Natural selection is about slow but steady progress. Through it, populations constantly get better-adapted. When this process is completed for all populations, evolution will come to a stop. b. Evolution occurs constantly, without end; there is no endpoint in evolution. c. Natural selection acts on genetic differences within a population to cause evolution. Individuals do not evolve. d. According to evolutionary theory, you are related to a bacterium, to a yeast cell, to a snake, and to a whale. In fact, you are related to every species now alive on Earth, and to fossil species like dinosaurs as well.

a

Which statement is true? a.Viruses are not considered alive because they do not have all of the characteristics of life. b. Viruses are not considered alive because they do not have any of the characteristics of life. c. Viruses are considered alive because they have some of the characteristics of life. d.Viruses are considered alive because they have all of the characteristics of life.

a

Select the statements that correctly represent the theory of evolution. Select all that apply. a. Evolution is partly about inheritance. Evidence of evolution is seen in structures such as wisdom teeth and the tail bone in humans. These structures are thought to be "left over" from our ancestors and no longer appear to have any essential function in modern humans. b. Natural selection means that today's organisms are perfectly adapted after millions of years of fine-tuning. No further changes are necessary because of all the progress that has been made by natural selection. c. We can see evidence of past natural selection in adaptations such as the camouflage of moths perched on the bark of their host tree. We can also see natural selection at work today if we track how populations change in rapidly changing environments. d. The theory of evolution does not apply to life today. It is strictly about the history of life: what happened in the past as seen in fossils. e. Scientists disagree about the main ideas of evolutionary theory because of incomplete or conflicting evidence.

a &c

Monomer

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

What do starch and cellulose have in common? Select all that apply. a.They are both made of glucose subunits. b.They both have the same linear structure. c.They both have the same function d.They are both made by plants.

a&d

Which of the following are functions of carbohydrates? Select all that apply. a.Energy storage b.Structure c.Cell recognition d. Cell signaling e.None of these choices

a,b,c,d

Which best expresses how nutrients and energy move through life? a. Nutrients cycle among all life forms. Energy flows from sunlight to chemical energy to heat. b. Nutrients flow from sunlight to organic matter to heat. Energy cycles among all life forms. c. Nutrients and energy both are continually recycled in a great circle of life.

a.

You provide your gut bacteria with a warm place to live. They provide you with vitamins and other services. This most directly represents an example of... a. interdependence of life b. homeostasis c. natural selection d. shared ancestry of all life

a. interdependence of life

A covalent chemical bond is one in which: a.Outer shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the inner electron shells of another atom. b.Outer shell electrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both. c.Protons or neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both. d.Electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged

b

Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? a. Carbohydrates are hydrophobic and have the general formula CHO. b. Carbohydrates are hydrophilic and have the general formula CH2O. c. Carbohydrates are hydrophobic and have the general formula CH2O. d. Carbohydrates are hydrophilic and have the general formula CHO.

b

Which of these is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA? a. DNA tends to be double stranded, while RNA tends to be single stranded b.RNA uses the base thymine while DNA uses the base uracil. c.DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose while RNA uses the sugar ribose. d. All of these are differences between DNA and RNA.

b

Why do organisms maintain fairly steady conditions within their cells and bodies? a. Unstable conditions will destroy the DNA in cells; this is the most important risk for a cell facing physical or chemical stress. b. They must maintain stable conditions to keep their enzymes working and generally to enable the chemical reactions of life. c. Organisms just change along with whatever is happening in the outside world, which is usually quite steady. d. They need to keep conditions stable so that they can obtain food.

b

he core concept of evolution is: _________________ a. Each species is created as an ideal and does not change. b. Life on earth shares a common ancestor. c. Individual groups of organisms interacting with other groups of organisms. d.All of these are components in evolutionary theory.

b

If all the rats in group C die, and none die in the other groups, what can be the most logical conclusion? a. The drug dosage is too high, leading to malnutrition, which caused the deaths. b. The drug dosage is too high, and the deaths were caused by the drug interacting with the rats' internal organs. c.The drug dosage is too high, but the direct mechanism of death needs more investigation d. The rats were stressed by the drug, causing them to eat less. e.none of the above

c

Some of the chemicals that make up living organism have only few structures (like DNA) other have many different structures (like proteins). Why might this be the case? a. Proteins are larger structures while DNA is smaller. b.The building of proteins is not as accurate and leads to many errors. c.Proteins must have many different functions, while DNA has limited functions. d.Proteins are biotic while DNA is abiotic.

c

What is the dependent variable in the experiment? a.The age of the rats b.The amount of drug given to the rats c. The weight of the rats d.The saline solution given to the rats

c

Which of the following is not a legitimate hypothesis? a. Listening to music can help the learning process. b. Plastic drinking containers can lead to illness. c.Diseases are punishment for evil deeds. d. Chocolate can treat depression.

c

Why do enzymes work poorly at BELOW optimum temperature? a. The substrate can't bind to the active site. b. The enzymes in denatured. c. The substrates do not have enough kinetic energy. d. The enzyme is unable to protonate the substrate.

c

Will a polar covalent bond form between the two nitrogen atoms in nitrogen gas (N2)? a.Yes, because nitrogen is very electronegative. b. No because hydrogen is needed to form polar covalent bonds. c. No because both atoms are equally electronegative. d. Yes, because nitrogen is not very electronegative.

c

molecule i organic if it has ....

carbon bonds

Your lab is studying an experimental drug that may be able to prevent obesity. You are testing the drug on rats for a preliminary analysis. You have chosen four groups of rats from the laboratory rat-rearing facility, ensuring that they have the same age, history, and other characteristics. You give three experimental groups the drug, dissolved in saline solution and administered via injection. The first group receives a low dose, and the second, a moderate dose and the third a high dose. You give the fourth group an injection of fluid without the drug. You feed these groups three times a day with an adjusted diet equivalent to a human being's intake of excessive calories, designed to simulate obesity-inducing food quantities. You measure the rats' weights and average the weights per group. You conduct these measurements on a daily basis for thirty days in the early morning before the feedings. The following are the groups and the treatments you give them: Group A -obesity diet, low drug dose Group B - obesity diet, moderate drug dose Group C -obesity diet, high drug dose Group D - obesity diet, fluid without drug Which of the groups represents the control group? A B C D

d

Calories is a measure of chemicals matter energy weight

energy

triglycerides are used for

energy storage

Which type of molecule best illustrates the very strong relationship between structure and function in biology? all kinds of organic matter oxygen gas water enzymes

enzymes

A researcher is investigating if online resources improve student grades. What is the dependent variable? online resource the course students grades

grades

One organism gets larger as it passes through its life cycle. This is an example of __________. development reproduction growth

growth

The fatty acid tails of the phospholipids are _______________ hydrophobic amphipathic hydrophilic

hydrophobic

Two atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called... ions isomers isotopes

isotopes

Multiple organisms make up a/an Population Organ Cell Organ system

population

On the surface of the eye is a transparent, flexible covering called the cornea. This structure would best be classified as a... organelle cell organ organ system tissue

tissue

Trans fats occur when _______________________. unsaturated fatty acids are hydrogenated in the lab to produce saturated fatty acids saturated fatty acids are hydrogenated in the lab to produce unsaturated fatty acids animals produce unsaturated fatty acids plants produce saturated fatty acids

unsaturated fatty acids are hydrogenated in the lab to produce saturated fatty acids

A cleaning product claims it "kills 99.9% of germs and viruses." Explain the flaw in this statement.

viruses cant be killed they're abiotic