Exam 1 Ch. 46 PerpU

Nicotinic receptors would be found in which location?

Adrenal medulla

The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing adrenergic receptors with the nursing class. What adrenergic receptor would the instructor tell the students is found in the heart and can stimulate increased myocardial activity and increase heart rate?

Beta1 B1 receptors are found in cardiac tissue where they can stimulate increased myocardial activity and increased heart rate. Alpha1 receptors are found in blood vessels, in the iris, and in the urinary bladder. Alpha2 receptors are located on nerve membranes and act as modulators of norepinephrine release. Beta2 receptors are found in smooth muscle in blood vessels, in the bronchi, in the periphery, and in uterine muscle.

A patient with Parkinson's disease is being cared for on your unit. The nurse would be correct in identifying what neurotransmitter as being decreased in this disease?

Dopamine Parkinson's disease develops from decreased availability of dopamine, while acetylcholine binding to muscle cells is impaired in myasthenia gravis.

Activation of D2 receptors is thought to result in which of the following events?

Formation of cAMP is inhibited. Activation of the dopaminergic receptor D2 is thought to inhibit formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and to alter calcium- and potassium-ion currents.

The nurse is assessing a client. What assessment finding is the clearest indicator of autonomic function?

The client's respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute The autonomic nervous system functions to regulate respirations. Voluntary motor function, hearing and sensation are not primarily within the ANS.

A client's muscle weakness has been found to result from a lack of neurotransmitter communication between nerves and muscles. What neurotransmitter is most likely deficient?

acetylcholine

A client's nerves have been stimulated and the signal has reached the axon. How will communication continue?

by the release of a neurotransmitter

The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who has been administered albuterol in order to promote bronchodilation and relieve shortness of breath. When giving this medication, the nurse has affected the client's autonomic nervous system by:

stimulating beta2-receptors.

The nurse accompanies the healthcare provider into the client's room and remains after the client is told that they have cancer and a poor prognosis. The client's respirations become rapid and deep, their pupils dilate, and they appear diaphoretic. What type of response is the nurse witnessing?

sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response When stimulated, the SNS prepares the body to flee or to turn and fight. Cardiovascular activity increases, as do blood pressure, heart rate, and blood flow to the skeletal muscles. Respiratory efficiency also increases; bronchi dilate to allow more air to enter with each breath, and the respiratory rate increases. Pupils dilate to permit more light to enter the eye to improve vision in darkened areas. PNS would lower heart rate and blood pressure and would constrict pupils. The client's response could not be wholly isolated to a muscarinic or nicotinic response.

A client is having a stress response that is causing the release of norepinephrine. This norepinephrine will be made from what dietary precursor?

tyrosine Norepinephrine is made by adrenergic nerves using tyrosine from the diet.

A client has a neurologic disorder characterized by a deficiency of acetylcholine. In what location is acetylcholine normally synthesized?

within cholinergic nerves themselves