Exam 1 Development and Mobility
A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old preschooler. Which of the following developmental milestones should the nurse expect the preschooler to demonstrate? A. Stacking 10 blocks B. Printing 1 letter C. Tying shoelaces D. Using 7-word sentences
A. Stacking 10 blocks The nurse should expect a 3-year-old preschooler to have the fine motor ability to stack 10 blocks.
A nurse is discussing play activities with a group of parents of toddlers. Which of the following activities should the nurse recommend for this age group? A. Jumping rope B. Pushing a toy lawn mower C. Sorting colored marbles D. Playing a board game
B. Pushing a toy lawn mower The nurse should recommend pushing a toy lawn mower as a play activity for a toddler. Toddlers are developmentally ready for push-pull toys, and they enjoy play activities that allow imitation of adults.
A nurse is creating a plan of care for an 18-month-old toddler who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include? A. Use a mobile walker for the toddler B. Discourage activities involving repetitive joint movement C. Use manual jaw control when feeding the toddler D. Discourage the use of wrist splints
C. Use manual jaw control when feeding the toddler The nurse should encourage the parent to include the use of manual jaw control during feedings. Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy can lose jaw control, and more effective control can be achieved by providing stability to the jaws during feeding.
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A."Your child will be unable to eat by mouth." B."Your child will be unable to participate in recreational activities." C."Your child will need a botulinum toxin A injection to reduce muscle spasticity." D."Your child will need throw rugs placed over non-carpeted areas." Check Answer Question Feedback Show Explanation
C."Your child will need a botulinum toxin A injection to reduce muscle spasticity." Children who have cerebral palsy have spasticity in their muscles. The child can receive botulinum toxin type A injections into affected muscles, which reduce spasticity.
A nurse is providing teaching to the guardians of an infant who has failure to thrive (FTT). Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Add fortified rice cereal to the infant's formula B. Alternate feedings between several family members C. Offer the infant juice between feedings D. Provide feedings on demand rather than on a schedule
A. Add fortified rice cereal to the infant's formula The nurse should inform the guardians that adding fortified rice cereal or vegetable oil to the infant's formula helps promote weight gain.
A nurse is providing education about the introduction of solid foods for the parent of an infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Begin after the extrusion reflex has diminished. B. Introduce solids between 2 and 3 months of age. C. Wait until the infant's first tooth erupts. D. Add a sweetener such as light corn syrup to bland foods.
A. Begin after the extrusion reflex has diminished. The nurse should explain that the extrusion reflex results in food being pushed out of the mouth instead of being swallowed. The tongue extrusion reflex diminishes after 4 months of age.
A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a 4-year-old child about fine motor development. Which of the following tasks should the nurse include as an expected finding for this age group? A. Copying a circle B. Cutting foods using a table knife C. Beginning to write in cursive D. Printing the first and last name clearly
A. Copying a circle The nurse should explain that copying a circle is a skill achieved by the age of 4 years.
A nurse is assessing the gross motor skills of a 4-year-old preschooler. The nurse should expect the preschooler to perform which of the following activities? A. Hopping on 1 foot B. Skipping on alternate feet C. Jumping rope D. Roller skating
A. Hopping on 1 foot The nurse should expect a 4-year-old preschooler to hop on 1 foot.
A nurse is assessing a 9-month-old infant during a well-child visit. Which of the following findings indicates that the infant has a developmental delay? A. Creeping on hands and knees B. Inability to vocalize vowel sounds C. Using a crude pincer grasp D. Standing by holding onto a support
B. Inability to vocalize vowel sounds The infant should begin vocalizing vowel sounds at the age of 7 months. By the age of 10 months, the infant should be able to say at least 1 word.
A nurse is performing a well-child assessment on a 7-year-old client who takes great pride in bringing school papers home. The nurse recognizes that this behavior demonstrates which of the following of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development? A. Initiative vs. guilt B. Industry vs. inferiority C. Identity vs. role confusion D. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B. Industry vs. inferiority The developmental task of industry vs. inferiority is reflected by a child's level of motivation in relation to personal achievements that build good character during the school-age years (ages 6 to 12 years).
A nurse is providing teaching about baclofen to the guardian of a toddler who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include? A. Bradycardia B. Muscle weakness C. Diarrhea D. Dry skin
B. Muscle weakness Muscle weakness is a common adverse effect of baclofen. Other common adverse effects include dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea.
A nurse is assessing a 9-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider as a delay in development? A. Using a pincer grasp to pick up blocks B. Requiring support to sit for prolonged periods C. Turning the head toward the parent's voice D. Reaching for the mother and saying "mama"
B. Requiring support to sit for prolonged periods An infant should be able to sit unsupported by the age of 8 months. The nurse should report this finding to the provider because it is an indication of a delay in gross motor development.
A nurse is providing education for a group of parents about toddler language development during a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the parent expect in an 18-month-old toddler? A. Ability to refer to self by name B. Vocabulary of 10 or more words C. Following simple directional commands D. Naming a single color
B. Vocabulary of 10 or more words At 18 months, children typically have a vocabulary of 10 or more words.
A charge nurse is reviewing the expected growth and development of school-aged children with a group of staff nurses. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? A. "A 7-year-old child prefers to play with children of a different gender." B. "A 6-year-old child should understand the concept of cause and effect." C. "A 6-year-old child should be able to count 13 coins." D. "An 8-year-old child should be able to wash his or her own hair independently."
C. "A 6-year-old child should be able to count 13 coins." A 6-year-old child should be able to count 13 coins, identify morning and afternoon, and be able to identify right and left hands.
A nurse is talking with the parent of a 4-month-old infant about growth and development. Which of the following statements indicates that the parent needs further teaching? A. "I need to remind my older kids to keep small objects out of the baby's reach." B. "I let my baby play on her stomach when she is awake and I am watching." C. "My baby loves to play with the pillows in her crib." D. "I put my baby in a rear-facing car seat in the back seat of the car."
C. "My baby loves to play with the pillows in her crib." Parents should never place pillows in their infant's crib since they pose a suffocation hazard.
A nurse is assessing an infant who was born at 32 weeks gestation and is now 8 months old. Which of the following developmental ages should the nurse expect the infant to demonstrate? A. 2 months B. 4 months C.6 months D. 8 months
C. 6 months Because the infant was born 8 weeks prematurely, the nurse should use this data to determine that the infant's setback age is 6 months. Therefore, the nurse should expect the infant to have achieved the developmental milestones of a 6-month-old infant.
A nurse is assessing a 7-year-old child's psychosocial development. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as an indicator for further evaluation? A. The child prefers playmates of the same sex. B. The child is competitive when playing board games. C. The child complains daily about going to school. D. The child enjoys spending time alone.
C. The child complains daily about going to school. Complaining every day about going to school is an unexpected finding for a 7-year-old child. The child is in Erikson's psychosocial development stage of industry vs. inferiority. Children at this stage want to learn and master new concepts. If the child complains daily about going to school, further evaluation is warranted.
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a child who has ADHD and a new prescription for methylphenidate sustained-release tablets. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I should expect my child to gain weight while taking this medication." B. "I should expect this medication to decrease my child's heart rate." C. "I should crush the medication and put it in my child's food." D. "I should give this medication to my child half an hour before breakfast."
D. "I should give this medication to my child half an hour before breakfast." The parent should administer the medication to the child on an empty stomach.
A nurse is teaching a parent of a 12-month-old infant about development during the toddler years. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? A. "Your child should be referring to himself using the appropriate pronoun by 18 months of age." B. "A toddler first shows interest in looking at pictures at 20 months of age." C. "A toddler should have daytime control of his bowel and bladder by 24 months of age." D. "Your child should be able to scribble spontaneously using a crayon at 15 months of age."
D. "Your child should be able to scribble spontaneously using a crayon at 15 months of age." At the age of 15 months, the toddler should be able to scribble spontaneously. At the age of 18 months, the toddler should be able to make strokes imitatively.
A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of an infant who is breastfeeding. When should the nurse instruct the parents to introduce solid foods in the infant's diet? A. After the rooting reflex disappears B. At 2 to 3 months of age C. After the infant's first tooth erupts D. At 4 to 6 months of age
D. At 4 to 6 months of age The nurse should identify that infants are developmentally ready for solid foods at 4 to 6 months of age.
A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe? A. Bupropion B. Phenelzine C. Mirtazapine D. Paroxetine
D. Paroxetine The nurse should expect the provider to prescribe paroxetine, an SSRI that is considered the first-line treatment for PTSD.
A nurse is assessing a school-aged child who has ADHD and has been taking desipramine. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse expect the child's parent to report? A. Hyperactivity B. Depression C. Diarrhea D. Sedation
D. Sedation The nurse should recognize that tricyclic antidepressants can cause sedation, along with other anticholinergic effects. Therefore, the nurse should expect the parent to report that the child has been sedated.
A nurse is assessing the development of a 3-year-old child. Which of the following gross motor skills should the nurse expect the child to be able to perform? A. Skipping around the room B. Hopping on 1 foot C. Throwing a ball overhead D. Standing on 1 foot
D. Standing on 1 foot The nurse should expect a 3-year-old child to have the gross motor ability to stand on 1 foot for a few seconds.
A nurse is instructing a group of parents and guardians about child development. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make to promote the developmental task of industry in the school-age child? A. Have an after-school snack ready for the child each day B. Assign the child several small chores C. Talk with the child about what future goals as an adult D. Talk openly about the family's value system
B. Assign the child several small chores The nurse should recommend assigning the child several small chores. The completion of each chore in a short amount of time offers the child a sense of accomplishment and promotes the achievement of the developmental task of industry.
A nurse is assessing the fine motor skill development of a 4-year-old child. The nurse should expect the child to be able to perform which of the following activities? A. Tying shoelaces into a bow B. Copying a square C. Drawing a person with at least 8 parts D. Printing the letters of her name
B. Copying a square The nurse should expect a 3-year-old child to have the fine motor ability to copy a circle. A 4-year-old child should have the ability to copy a square.
A nurse is teaching a client who has ADHD and is starting therapy with an amphetamine/dextroamphetamine mixture. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse instruct the client to identify as an adverse effect and report to the provider? A.Restlessness B. Insomnia C. Palpitations D. Weight Gain
C. Palpitations The nurse should instruct the client that palpitations can be a sign of a cardiovascular adverse reaction and requires immediate attention. The nurse should instruct the client to contact the provider if palpitations develop.
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child for growth and developmental milestones during a well-child visit. Which of the following findings suggests a possible delay in development? A. Inability to tie shoes B. Adding 3 parts to a stick figure C. Speaking using 2- or 3-word sentences D. Inability to walk backward
C. Speaking using 2- or 3-word sentences A 4-year-old child should be speaking in 4- to 5-word sentences. Speaking in 2- to 3-word sentences is typical of a 2-year-old child.
A nurse is providing education for the family of a 6-month-old infant about ways to stimulate language development. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "Explain what you are doing to the infant while providing care." B. "Promote fine-motor development of the tongue by offering a pacifier several times each day." C. "Exercise jaw muscles with foods that require chewing, such as hot dogs and carrots." D. "Leave a television playing in the child's room during nap time."
A. "Explain what you are doing to the infant while providing care." The nurse should instruct the family that exposing the infant to expressive speech is the foundation for the development of expressive skills (the ability to make others understand needs and thoughts) and receptive skills (the ability to understand spoken words).
The nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a 4-year-old child who stutters. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A."I should ignore the stuttering and not interrupt her." B."I should finish my child's sentence if she is stuck on a word." C."I should reward my child when she doesn't stutter." D."I should tell my child to slow down when she starts stuttering."
A."I should ignore the stuttering and not interrupt her." Stuttering is an expected part of speech development in the preschool years. As language skills improve, stuttering typically ceases by 5 years of age. Parents should be instructed not to focus on the stuttering so the behavior is not reinforced and does not become prolonged.
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child's cognitive development during a well-child visit. Which of the following should the nurse expect the child to display? A. Conservation B. Development of the superego C. Concrete operational thought D. Separation anxiety
B. Development of the superego This is the development of a conscience. Preschoolers begin to develop an understanding of right from wrong. While they might be unable to understand the "why" of acceptable vs unacceptable behaviors, they learn the concept through punishment and reward and the principles to which their parents adhere.
A nurse is observing a mother who is playing peek-a-boo with her 8-month-old child. The mother asks if this game has any developmental significance. The nurse should reply that peek-a-boo helps develop which of the following concepts in the child? A. Hand-eye coordination B. Sense of trust C. Object permanence D. Egocentrism
C.Object permanence Object permanence refers to the cognitive skill of knowing an object still exists even when out of sight. By discovering a hidden object while playing peek-a-boo, the infant experiences validation of this concept.
A nurse is teaching the parent of a 12-month-old infant about nutrition. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I can give my baby 4 oz of juice to drink each day." B. "I will offer my baby dry cereal and chilled banana slices as snacks." C. "I am introducing my baby to the same foods the family eats." D. "My infant drinks at least 2 qt of skim milk each day."
D. "My infant drinks at least 2 qt of skim milk each day." As the infant transitions into toddlerhood, whole milk intake should average 24 to 30 oz per day. Too much milk can affect the child's intake of solid foods and result in iron deficiency anemia. Skim milk is not recommended until after age 2 since it lacks essential fatty acids, which are needed for growth and development.
A nurse is teaching a group of parents of toddlers about growth and development. A parent asks, "Why does my child's abdomen stick out?" Which of the following replies should the nurse provide? A. "You should give your child a stool softener daily." B. "Toddlers gain weight at a rapid pace." C. "You should have your child assessed for a spinal deformity." D. "Toddlers do not have well-developed abdominal muscles."
D. "Toddlers do not have well-developed abdominal muscles." The abdominal muscles are immature and minimally developed at this stage. Therefore, many toddlers have a "potbellied" appearance.
A nurse is caring for a client with ADHD who has recently started taking lithium. For which of the following findings should the nurse monitor when evaluating the effectiveness of the medication? A. Increased attention span B. Decreased anxiety C. Reduced aggression D. Weight loss
C. Reduced aggression Clients who have ADHD can experience a low tolerance for frustration, which can result in aggressive behaviors. Although psychosocial interventions should include developing coping mechanisms and cognitive behavior therapy, the client might require medication to manage aggressive behaviors. The nurse should monitor for reduced aggression when a client who has ADHD is taking a mood stabilizer such as lithium. Additional outcomes of mood-stabilizing medications include decreased impulsivity.
A nurse is assessing a client who has ADHD and reports abruptly discontinuing his amphetamine treatment. Which of the following assessments indicates that the client is physically dependent on the amphetamines? A. The client exhibits paranoia B. The client reports having insomnia C. The client reports eating excessively D. The client has an increased heart rate
C. The client reports eating excessively When amphetamine is taken at a therapeutic dose, it causes appetite suppression. Abrupt withdrawal of amphetamine can result in abstinence syndrome in a client who is physically dependent on the medication. Indications of physical dependence include excessive eating, exhaustion, depression, prolonged sleep, and a craving for more amphetamine.
A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings indicates the need for further assessment? A. The infant is grabbing the feet and pulling them to the mouth. B. The infant has a closed posterior fontanel. C. The infant's legs remain crossed and extended when supine. D. The infant's birth weight has doubled.
C. The infant's legs remain crossed and extended when supine. Legs that are crossed and extended when supine is an unexpected finding and requires further assessment. At 6 months of age, the infant's legs flex at the knees when the infant is supine. Crossed and extended legs when supine is associated with cerebral palsy.
A nurse is teaching the parent of a child who has ADHD and a new prescription for methylphenidate sustained-release tablets. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Crush the medication and mix it in your child's food." B. "Administer the medication 1 hour before bedtime." C. "Expect your child to have cloudy urine while he is taking this medication." D. "Weigh your child twice per week while he is taking this medication."
D. "Weigh your child twice per week while he is taking this medication." The nurse should instruct the parent to weigh the child 2 to 3 times per week to monitor for weight loss, which is an adverse effect of methylphenidate. The parent should report weight loss to the provider.
A nurse is caring for a toddler. Which of the following objects should the nurse select from the playroom for this child during hospitalization? A. Small plastic doll with clothes and accessories B. Alphabet flash cards C. Handheld video game D. 10-piece wooden puzzle
D. 10-piece wooden puzzle Age-appropriate toys for a toddler include puzzles, large crayons, blocks, picture books, push-pull toys, finger paints, modeling clay, and musical toys. These toys all allow manipulation and exploration and meet the child's developmental and diversional activity needs.
A nurse is teaching to a group of parents of adolescents about developmental needs. Which of the following statements by a parent should the nurse investigate further? A."My child has frequent mood swings." B."My child has a very messy bedroom." C."My child takes 1 to 2 showers per day." D."My child spends 4 hours per day using online chat rooms."
D."My child spends 4 hours per day using online chat rooms." Adolescents may spend time using a computer, but parents should know what they are doing and who they are communicating with and limit the time. The American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommends 2 hours of screen time daily.
A nurse is teaching about levodopa with a family member of a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include? A. "A full therapeutic response may take several months to happen." B. "The medication should be taken with high-protein foods." C. "A full therapeutic response might cause vivid dreams." D. "The medication is given at the onset of mild symptoms."
A. "A full therapeutic response may take several months to happen." The nurse should inform the family member that although levodopa is the most effective medication for Parkinson's disease, a full therapeutic response might not occur for several months.
A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of an adolescent. The guardian reports that the adolescent sleeps about 10 hr on weekend nights. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide? A. "Your child should have a blood test to check for anemia." B. "Adolescents need more sleep due to rapid growth." C. "Your child should not be staying up so late at night." D. "If your child eats properly, this should not happen."
B. "Adolescents need more sleep due to rapid growth." The nurse should identify that sleeping 10 hours on weekend nights is an expected finding in adolescents, who need more sleep time than other age groups. Common reasons for the increased need for sleep include stress, busy schedules (e.g. extracurricular activities), and rapid physical growth.
A nurse is developing a health education program for the parents of school-aged females. Which of the following pieces of information regarding sexual maturation should the nurse include? A. Higher body fat content is associated with earlier onset of menarche B. Pubic hair is typically present prior to breast development C. Ovulation begins after sexual maturation is complete D. Menarche signals the beginning of puberty
A. Higher body fat content is associated with earlier onset of menarche The nurse should inform the parents that the onset of menarche is expected to occur around 10.5 to 15.5 years of age. Females who have a higher body fat content have been shown to have an earlier onset of menarche.
A nurse is preparing to assess a 2-year-old toddler. Which of the following behaviors should the nurse expect during the examination? A. The child prefers to sit on the parent's lap during the examination B. The child is interested in how the examination equipment works C. The child asks specific questions about body functions D. The child questions how her development compares to other children at the same age
A. The child prefers to sit on the parent's lap during the examination Toddlers and infants who are able to sit typically prefer to sit in their parents' lap throughout the examination.
A nurse is assessing a 6-year-old client at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings requires further assessment by the nurse? A. Presence of sparse, fine pubic hair B. Decreased head circumference compared to full height C. Increased leg length in relation to height D. Presence of a loose central incisor
A.Presence of sparse, fine pubic hair The development of sexual characteristics prior to the age of 9 years in boys and 8 years in girls is an indication of precocious puberty and requires further evaluation
A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of a school-aged child who has ADHD and a new prescription for clonidine. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will not allow my child to eat anything within 2 hours of taking the medication." B. "I can expect my child to be drowsy while taking this medication." C. "I will give my child a dose of the medication at noon every day." D. "I will cut the tablet in half before giving it to my child."
B. "I can expect my child to be drowsy while taking this medication." The nurse should instruct the guardian that clonidine can cause adverse effects like somnolence, fatigue, and hypotension.
A nurse is assessing a 9-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider as a possible developmental delay? A. Grasping a small object with just the thumb and index finger B. Dropping a cube when passing from 1 hand to the other C. Falling from a standing position to sitting D. Losing balance when leaning sideways while sitting
B. Dropping a cube when passing from 1 hand to the other The ability to pass a cube from a hand to the other is a fine motor skill expected of a 7-month-old infant. Therefore, the nurse should identify the 9-month-old infant's inability to perform this task as a possible developmental delay and should report this finding to the provider.
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a school-aged child who has ADHD and a new prescription for methylphenidate IR. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse provide? A. "Have your child take the medication once daily." B. "This medication might make your child gain weight." C. "Your child's growth might slow while using this medication." D. "Avoid giving your child food when taking this medication."
C. "Your child's growth might slow while using this medication." The nurse should instruct the parent that an adverse effect of methylphenidate is growth suppression related to the appetite suppression associated with the medication. Administering the medication with or after meals will help protect the child's appetite.
A nurse is performing an annual physical assessment of a preschooler. The parent expresses concern about the child's 1.8 kg (4 lb) weight gain over the past year. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "This amount of weight gain could likely indicate a serious problem." B. "This weight change seems to be the result of poor eating habits." C. "Your child should have gained double this amount in a year." D. "Your child's weight change is expected for this age group."
D. "Your child's weight change is expected for this age group." A preschooler should gain about 2 to 3 kg (4.4 to 6.6 lb) each year. Therefore, the nurse should reassure the parent that this child's weight gain is an expected finding for the age group.
A nurse is providing teaching to the guardians of a 4-month-old infant on how to play with the infant. Which of the following play activities should the nurse suggest for this infant? A. Show the infant a board book with large pictures B. Imitate the sounds of different farm animals for the infant C. Give the infant a large push-pull toy D. Allow the infant to splash in the bathtub
D. Allow the infant to splash in the bathtub The nurse should suggest allowing this 4-month-old infant to splash in the bathtub as a play activity. Splashing is appropriate for the developmental age of the infant and provides tactile stimulation. However, the nurse should emphasize and teach bath safety to prevent injury.
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has cystic fibrosis. The nurse is planning to take the child to the playroom. Which of the following activities would be appropriate for the child? A. Cutting figures from colored paper B. Drawing stick figures using crayons C. Riding a tricycle D. Building towers with blocks
D. Building towers with blocks Building towers with blocks is an appropriate activity for a 2-year-old child. and promotes fine-motor development. Also, knocking blocks down provides a means of dealing with the stress of hospitalization.
A nurse is taking the history of and performing a physical on a school-age child who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which of the following findings in the child's medical record should the nurse identify as a risk factor for ADHD? A. The child's family has a middle-class socioeconomic background. B. The child had prenatal exposure to alcohol on a regular basis. C. Both siblings of the child show moderate activity levels in school and play activities. D. The child's mother currently has diabetes mellitus.
B. The child had prenatal exposure to alcohol on a regular basis. Prenatal exposure to alcohol on a regular basis is a contributing factor to ADHD, along with prenatal nicotine exposure and exposure to lead or mercury.
A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a school-age child who has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Ignore your child's attention-seeking behaviors that are not dangerous." B. "Administer ADHD medications within 30 min of your child's bedtime." C. "Continue with an activity as planned, even if your child becomes frustrated." D. "Expect your child to gain weight after starting ADHD medications."
A. "Ignore your child's attention-seeking behaviors that are not dangerous." The nurse should instruct the child's parents about the use of planned ignoring. This technique ignores attention-seeking behaviors that are not dangerous to the child or others. If the child learns that the behavior will not elicit the desired response, then the behavior should decrease.
A nurse is talking with the parent of an infant during a well-child visit. The parent states, "My 6-year-old child started wetting the bed after we brought her baby sister home. She hasn't done that in over a year." This behavior by the sibling is an indication of which of the following defense mechanisms? A.Regression B.Repression C.Rationalization D.Identification
A.Regression The nurse should identify that the 6-year-old sibling's behavior is an indication of regression. With this defense mechanism, the individual reverts to a prior stage of development as a means of coping with stress.
A nurse is performing a developmental assessment on a 3-year-old child. Which of the following commands should the nurse expect the child to complete successfully? A."Put your shoes on." B."Name the days of the week." C."Cut out this picture with a pair of scissors." D."Balance on 1 foot with your eyes closed."
A."Put your shoes on." Children should be able to pull on their shoes when they are 3 years old. They typically cannot tie their shoes until they are 5 years of age.
A nurse is planning care for a 10-month-old infant who has suspected failure to thrive (FTT). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) A. Observe the parents' actions when feeding the child B. Maintain a detailed record of food and fluid intake C. Follow the child's cues to time food and fluids D. Sit beside the child's high chair for feedings E. Play music videos during scheduled meal times
A. Observe the parents' actions when feeding the child B. Maintain a detailed record of food and fluid intake Inappropriate feeding techniques and meal patterns provided by parents can contribute to a child's growth failure. A nutritional goal for this child who has suspected FTT is to correct nutritional deficiencies, which can be identified by recording all food and fluid intake.
A nurse is providing teaching about degenerative complications to the partner of a client who has a new diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Which of the following manifestations is the priority? A. Dysphagia B. Emotional lability C. Impaired speech D. Self-care dependency
A. Dysphagia The nurse should apply the ABC priority-setting framework, which emphasizes the basic core of human functioning: having an open airway, being able to breathe in adequate amounts of oxygen, and circulating oxygen to the body's organs via the blood. An alteration in any of these areas can indicate a threat to life and should be the nurse's priority concern. When applying the ABC priority-setting framework, the airway is the priority because it must be open for oxygen exchange to occur. Breathing is the second priority framework because adequate ventilatory effort is essential for oxygen exchange to occur. Circulation is the third priority because the delivery of oxygen to critical organs only occurs if the heart and blood vessels are capable of efficiently carrying oxygen to them. Therefore, dysphagia is the priority manifestation because it can lead to aspiration.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has ADHD and a new prescription for a transdermal methylphenidate patch. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will rotate placing the patch on different parts of my upper body." B. "I can take showers with the patch in place." C. "If the patch bothers my skin, I will switch to the oral form of the medication." D. "I will apply a patch each night at bedtime."
B. "I can take showers with the patch in place." The nurse should instruct the client that transdermal methylphenidate patches can be worn during bathing, showering, and swimming.
A nurse is teaching the guardian of a preschooler. The guardian states that the preschooler has had an imaginary playmate for about 3 months. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse give the guardian? A. "Children commonly begin having imaginary friends when they reach school age." B. "Notify your provider if the imaginary friend persists longer than 6 months." C. "Have your child take responsibility for actions if he tries to blame the imaginary friend." D. "Set limits by not allowing your child to have the imaginary friend present during family meals."
C. "Have your child take responsibility for actions if he tries to blame the imaginary friend." The nurse should inform the guardian that imaginary playmates are common during the preschool years due to the high level of imagination among this age group. Although having an imaginary friend is considered healthy, the preschooler might try to use this imaginary friend as a means of avoiding responsibility or punishment for unacceptable behavior. The nurse should inform the guardian of the need to have the preschooler take responsibility for his actions.
A nurse at a community health department is discussing the nutritional needs of children with a group of parents and guardians. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include? A. Infants should be transitioned to low-calorie milk at 12 months. B. Preschoolers need 10-12 g of protein per day. C. Toddlers can be given up to 120-180 mL (4-6 oz) of juice per day. D. School-age children should be encouraged to avoid afternoon snacks.
C.Toddlers can be given up to 120-180 mL (4-6 oz) of juice per day. Parents should limit a toddler's juice intake to 120 to 180 mL per day because juice is high in sugar and should not replace more important nutrients.
