Exam 1 for Research Methods: Study Guide

secondary source

a secondhand report in which the authors discuss someone else's observations (summaries of past research but can be biased or inaccurate)

a hypothesis is a blank statement and a prediction is a blank statement

a. general; specific

the first step in the research process is ?

a. identifying a topic area and searching the literature to find a research questions

what kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a general hypothesis ?

a. inductive reasoning

which of the following is not a good example of a research hypothesis ?

a. there is no relationship between fatigue and reaction time

while shopping, you observe the behavior of adolescents at the mall and get some ideas about what may be causing the behavior. this is an example of getting research ideas from

b. casual observation

what is typically included in the introduction section of a research article?

b. it describes the overall purpose and rationale of the research

qualitative

based on making observations that are summarized and interpreted in a narrative report

what is meant by saying that science is objective ?

c. scientific answers are obtained without influence by the researchers biases or beliefs

Which method of knowing is being used by a student who believes that his performance on tests is influences by wearing a lucky hat?

c. the method of tenacity

which of the following questions would the scientific method be an appropriate method for seeking an answer

c. what conditions promote student learning in an elementary classroom ?

primary source

firsthand report in which authors describe their own observations ( empirical journal articles, theses and dissertations, conference presentations)

tenacity

habit or superstition

participants; subjects

humans; nonhuman

Process of Scientific Inquiry

observation, hypothesis, prediction, planned observations, new hypothesis, prediction,

refutable hypothesis

one that can be demonstrated to be false. That is, it is possible for the outcome to be different from the prediction

why of the following is a brief summary of a psychology article ?

a. abstract

applied research

aims to solve practical problems

how would research studies that are intended to answer practical problems be classified

b. applied research

which of the following is usually the initial factor for determining whether a specific article is relevant to your research questions

b. title

which method of knowing is used when you find the address and a phone number of a restaurant by googling the name of the restaurant ?

b.method of authority

which of the following is best description of the scientific method ?

c. a circular process that leads to a tentative answer

Last year Tim and his friend Jack were both too short for the rollercoaster. Jack went to the park this year and was tall enough. Tim knows he is taller than Jack, so he knows he will be able to ride the roller coaster as well. Which method is Tim using ?"

c. rational method

a researcher conducts a study which 50 college students are assigned to different treatments and tested; the students are called

c. research participants

which of the following is a distinction between science and pseudoscience ?

d. all options

which of the following is typical of quantitative research

d. it involves measuring variables, numerical scores, statistical analysis to summarize and interpret results

what is typically included in the method section of a research article ?

d. it provides the details of the methodology used in the study

A restaurant chef tried replacing rice with pasta in one of her recipes to see what would happen. which method of acquiring knowledge is she using?

d. method of empiricism

components of a research article

introduction, method, results, discussions, references

a researcher is intrigued by and explanation of children's problem solving strategies found in a journal article and develops a research study to determine whether article's ideas are correct, how would this study be classified ?

a. basic research

intuition

from a hunch or feeling

basic research

solves theoretical issues

quantitative

to obtain scores, usually numerical values

deductive reasoning

uses a general statement as basis for reaching a conclusion about specific examples. all green apples are sour. Therefor if i eat a green apple it will be sour

testable hypothesis

Is one for which all of the variables, events, and individuals are real, and can be defined and observed

inductive reasoning

a relatively small set of specific observations as basis for forming a general statement about larger set of possible observations. i ate three green apples and were all sour. therefore all green apples are sour

what questions should you ask when reading an introduction to a research article?

d. all of the above; is literature up to date? is hypothesis related to literature review? does the prediction logically follow the hypothesis ?

which of the following would be a danger of relying upon a primary source

d. there is no danger because you can rely on primary sources for accurate information

authority

from an expert

empiricsm

from direct sensory observation

rationalism

from reasoning; a logical conclusion