Exam 1: Health Promotion of School-Age Child

"fits the crime"

Moral Development School age children want and expect to be punished for misbehavior and, if given the option, tend to choose a punishment that "_____ _____ _____"

Status

Sleep and Rest A factor related to reluctance for bedtime is related to _______. For example, older children are given a later bedtime than young children

Alone

Sleep and Rest The best approach for sleepwalking children is to leave them ______, unless they are in any danger

c

Children who are identified as having a difficult or easily distracted temperament a. rarely pose a problem b. usually exhibit discomfort when introduced to new situations c. benefit from practice sessions before an event d. should not be told when to stop activities, since this can trigger a reaction event

Victims

Clubs and Peer Groups Bullies and _______ of bullies are at risk for long term psychologic disturbances and psychiatric symptoms

Peer

Clubs and Peer Groups ______ pressure may force children into taking risks, even against their better judgement

b d e

A nurse is teaching a course about safety during the school age. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the course? Select all that apply a. gating stairs at the top and bottom b. wearing helmets when riding bicycles or skateboarding c. riding safely in the bed of pickup trucks d. implementing firearm safety e. wearing seat belts

Concrete

Cognitive Development Piaget described ________ operations as a stage when children are able to use their thought processes to experience events and actions

Read

Cognitive Development The most significant skill, the ability to _____, is acquired during the school years and becomes the most valuable tool for independent inquiry

Structure

Sports During middle childhood, girls and boys have the same basic ________ and have similar responses to systematic exercise training. At puberty, when boys become larger and have more muscle mass, is it recommended that girls compete against other girls only

a

Sleep problems in the school age child are often demonstrated by a. delaying tactics because the child does not wish to go to bed b. night terrors that awaken the child during the night c. the development of somatic illness that awakens the child during the night d. the increasing need for larger amounts of sleep compared with preschool and adolescent children

a c e

In terms of social development, the school-age child does which of the following? Select all that apply a. begins to explore the environment beyond the family b. has an increased interest in persons of opposite sex c. may actively participate in same-sex groups or clubs d. strives to be different from those in the peer group e. begins to form strong relationships with persons of the same sex

Challenge

Injury Prevention Although school age children are conscious of rules and frequently impose them in relationships with peers, they also tend to ________ them

"grow into"

Injury Prevention Discourage parents from buying their child a bicycle that the child can "_____ _____"

b

A 10 year old child proudly tells the nurse that brushing and flossing her teeth is her responsibility. How does the nurse interpret this statement? a. she is too young to be given this responsibility b. she is most likely capable of this responsibility c. she should have assumed this responsibility much sooner d. she is probably just exaggerating the responsibility

c

A factor that most influences the amount and manner of discipline and limit setting imposed on school age children is a. the parents age b. the parents education c. the childs responses to rewards and punishments d. the parents ability to communicate with the school system

Violence

Coping with Stress Although children receive better treatment than in earlier times, their physical and emotional well-being is threatened by different stresses, especially _____________

Fears Anxieties

Coping with Stress Latchkey children cope with their _______ and _________ while home alone by hiding, playing the TV loudly, and using pets as comfort

Maturity

Coping with Stress Some children are forced to feel, think, and behave at a level of _________ that is far beyond what could be reasonably be expected

Latchkey

Coping with Stress _________ children are children in elementary school who are left to care for themselves before or after school without supervision

c

Ms. Jones is a single mother caring for her 10 year old son, James. At an office appointment for James, his mother asks the nurse how to prevent her son from becoming involved in gang violence. The best response is which of the following? a. try to be more of a pal to James so that he wont seek outside approval b. relax restrictions on James. He needs to increase his independence, and this will show that you trust him c. become aware of any gang-related activities in your community and become acquainted with your son's friends d. dont allow James to join any boys only groups

Immature

Physical Changes Although strength increases, muscles are still functionally _________ and are more readily injured by overuse

Duckling

Physical Changes Because of the primary teeth loss during this age, middle childhood is known as the age of the loose tooth and the ugly __________ stage when new secondary teeth appear to be too large for the smaller face

Taller Heavier

Physical Changes During this age period, boys and girls differ little in size, although boys tend to be slightly _________ and somewhat ________ than girls

Failure

Play Because losing is often interpreted as _______, children go to great lengths to avoid the public embarrassment and personal shames that accompany failure

Difficult (easily distracted)

Temperament Temperament with children in the __________ category may benefit from "practice' sessions in which they are prepared for a given event by role playing, visiting the site, or reading or listening to stories

Slow-to-warm-up

Temperament Temperament with children in the _____________ category usually exhibit discomfort when introduced to new situations and need time to become accustomed to a new environment, authority figures, and expectations

c

The nurse is planning to advise a school age child's parents about appropriate physical activity for their child. Which fact does the nurse include? a. school age children have the same stamina and control as 15 year old teens b. school age children are prepared for participation in strenuous competitive athletics c. activities that promote coordination in the school age child include running and skipping rope d. most children need continued encouragement to engage in physical activity

a

The nurse knows that sleepwalking in childhood can best be described by which of the following? a. during sleepwalking, the movements are clumsy and repetitive b. sleepwalking occurs in the first 1-2 hours of sleep c. during sleepwalking, speech is comprehensible d. the child remembers the episode in the morning

a

The nurse plans to conduct a sex education class for 10 year olds. Which of the following does the nurse recognize as most appropriate for this age group? a. present sex information as a normal part of growth and development b. discourage question and answer sessions c. because sexual information supplied by parents usually produces feelings of guilt and anxiety in children, avoid parental assistance in conducting the program d. segregate the boys from girls and include information related only to same sex in the discussion

c

The parent asks the nurse about a 9 year old child's apparent need for between meal snacks, especially after school. When developing a sound nutritional plan for the child with the mother, the nurse should advise the parent that a. the child does not need to eat between meal snacks b. the child should eat the snacks the mother thinks are appropriate c. the child should help with preparing his own snacks d. the child will instinctively select nutritional snacks

b

What statement accurately describes physical development during the school-age years? a. The child's weight almost triples. b. The child grows an average of 5 cm (2 inches) per year. c. Few physical differences are apparent among children of different genders at the end of middle childhood. d. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to the child's heavier appearance.

b

The parent tells the nurse than an 8 year old child is continually telling jokes and riddles to the point of driving the other family members crazy. The nurse should explain this behavior is a sign of a. inadequate parental attention b. mastery of language ambiguities c. inappropriate peer influences d. excessive television watching

c

To assess a 9 year old's social development, the nurse asks the parent if the child a. thinks independently b. is able to organize and plan c. has a best friend d. enjoys active play

d

Toward the end of middle childhood, the discrepancies in growth and maturation between boys and girls becomes apparent. Which of the following statements is true? a. there is usually a 4 year difference between the onset of pubescence in girls and boys b. the universal age at which the first physiologic signs appear in girls is 9 years of age c. the onset of puberty at age 7 years is considered normal d. the average age of puberty is 12 years in girls and 14 in boys

d

What is characteristic of the psychosocial development of school-age children? a. Peer approval is not yet a motivating power. b. A developing sense of initiative is very important. c. Motivation comes from extrinsic rather than intrinsic sources. d. Feelings of inferiority or lack of worth can be derived from children themselves or from the environment.

b

What period begins toward the end of middle childhood and ends at age 13? a. puberty b. preadolescence c. early maturation d. all of the above

a

Which finding should the nurse expect when assessing physical growth in the school-age child? a. weight increase of 2-3 kg per year b. height increase of 3cm per year c. little change in refined coordination d. decrease in body fat and muscle tissue

b

Which of the following accurately describes the expected cognitive development during the concrete-operational period of middle childhood? a. children are able to follow directions but unable to verbalize actions involves in the process b. children are able to use their thought processes to experience events and actions and make judgments based on what they reason c. children are able to see things from an egocentric outlook that is rigidly developed around the action to be completed d. children progress from conceptual thinking to perceptual thinking when making judgments

b

Which of the following best identifies the spiritual development of school age children? a. they have little fear of going to hell for misbehavior b. they begin to learn the difference between the natural and supernatural c. they petition God for less tangible rewards d. they view God as a deity with few human traits

d

Which of the following is most characteristic of the relationship between school age children and their families? a. children desire to spend equal time with family and peers b. children are prepared to reject parental controls c. the group replaces the family as the primary influence in setting standards of behavior and rules d. children need and want restrictions placed on their behavior by the family

a

A nurse compares a child's height and weight with standard growth charts and finds the child to be in the 50th percentile for height and in the 25th percentile for weight. The nurse interprets these findings as indicating that the child is a. typical height and weight b. overweight for height c. underweight for height d. abnormal in height

d

A nurse is assessing the growth and development of a 10 year old. What is the expected behavior of this child? a. enjoys physical demonstrations of affection b. is selfish and insensitive to the welfare of others c. is uncooperative in play and school d. has a strong sense of justice and fair play

Industry

Psychosocial Development The goal in the _______ phase is to achieve a sense of personal and interpersonal competence through the acquisition of technologic and social skills

a c d

A nurse is conducting a well-child visit with a child who is scheduled to receive the recommended immunizations for 11-12 year olds. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse administer? Select all that apply a. trivalent inactivated influenza (TIV) b. pneumococcal (PCV) c. meningococcal (MCV4) d. tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and pertussis (Tdap) e. rotavirus (RV)

c

A nurse is discussing prepubescence and preadolescence with a group of guardians of school age children. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion? a. initial physiologic changes appear during early childhood b. changes in height and weight occur slowly during this period c. growth differences between boys and girls become evident d. sexual maturation becomes highly visible in boys

a

A nurse is providing education about age appropriate activities for the caregivers of a 6 year old child. Which of the following activities should the nurse include in the teaching? a. jumping rope b. playing card games c. solving jigsaw puzzles d. joining competitive sports

a

A hallmark of cognitive development in the school-age child is in what Piaget describes as concrete operations. In this stage the child: a. uses thought processes to experience events and actions b. is unable to see things from another's point of view c. has a limited perspective of how others' interpretations of a given event differ d. makes judgments based on what he or she sees

c

A major difference in moral development between young school age children and older school age children is best described by which of the following? a. younger children believe that standards of behavior come from within themselves b. children 6-7 years of age know the rules and understand the reasons behind the rules c. older school-age children are able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it and not only by the consequences d. rewards and punishments guide older school age children's behavior

a b e

A school nurse in middle school is preparing an outline for a sex education class. Which of these statements represents important concepts to be covered in discussing this topic with this age group? Select all that apply a. consider separating boys and girls into same-sex groups with a leader of the same sex b. answer questions matter-of-factly and honestly and appropriate to the children's level of understanding c. use vernacular or slang terms to describe human physiologic functions d. avoid discussing sexually transmitted diseases in this age group e. discuss common myths and misconceptions associated with sex and the reproductive process

d

According to Erikson, what is the developmental goal of middle childhood? a. autonomy b. trust c. initiative d. industry

b

According to Freud, middle childhood is described as which one of the following periods? a. anal b. latency c. oral d. oedipal

a

According to Piaget, what is the stage of development for middle childhood? a. concrete operational b. preoperational c. formal operational d. sensorimotor

2 1-2 Double

Biologic Development Between the ages of 6-12, children grow an average of ___ in per year to gain ___-___ ft in height and will almost ________ in weight

Family

Clubs and Peer Groups By merging their identity with the identities with peers, children move from the _______ group to an outside group as a step toward further independence

Conformity

Clubs and Peer Groups ________ is the core of the group structure and includes secret codes, shared interests, styles of dress, and special words that signify membership in the group

Combinatorial

Cognitive Development During the school age years children develop _____________ skills, which is the ability to manipulate numbers and to learn the skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

Conservation

Cognitive Development One of the major cognitive tasks of school age children is mastering the concept of __________, which is the understanding that physical matter does not appear and disappear by magic

Permanent

Dental Health Because _________ teeth erupt during the school age years, good dental hygiene and regular attention to dental caries are vital

6

Dental Health Eruption of the permanent teeth begins with the ___ year molar

Greater

Maturation of Systems Bladder capacity is generally _______ in girls than boys

Parental

Relationships with Families Although increased independence is the goal of middle childhood, children are not yet prepared to abandon ________ control

Control

Relationships with Families As children move into a wider world of peer-group relationships, parents are faced with the task of letting go of ________

Attitudes

School Experience Children's attitudes toward school and the extent of their adjustment are strongly influenced by their parents' ___________

Physical Emotional

School Experience Successful adjustment is directly related to the child's ________ and _________ maturity and the parents' readiness to accept the separation associated with school entrance

Emulate

School Experience Teachers share the parental influence in shaping a child's attitudes and values and serve as a model with whom the children can identify with and _________

a

School-age children are prone to accidental injury primarily because of a. peer pressure and risk-taking behaviors b. physical awkwardness and clumsiness c. parents' lack of supervision d. attempts to impress members of the opposite sex

Confidence Doubt

Self-Esteem Children approach the process of self evaluation from a framework of either self-________ or self-________

worth

Self-Esteem Self-esteem is children's picture of their individual ______ and consists of both positive and negative qualities

Firm

Sleep and Rest A ______ approach to bedtime is usually the most successful. Parents can give little advance warning, but children should know that when the final bedtime is announced, the parents mean it

Fact Fantasy

Discipline Preschool children often have difficulty distinguishing between ______ and ___________

Automatically

Discipline Cheating is common for young children because they find it difficult to lose at a game, and have not yet acquired the full realization of the wrongfulness of this behavior and do it almost ________________

Property

Discipline In some settings in which living arrangements are crowded, children have little privacy and much of the family property is communal. So, children may fail to develop a sense of __________ rights

1. Forbidden 2. Behavior 3. Inappropriate 4. Empathize

Discipline Discipline serves many functions: 1. To help interrupt a ___________ action 2. To point out a more acceptable form of _________ 3. To provide a reason that explains why one action is ____________ 4. To stimulate the ability to _________ with the victim

8

Dental Health The best toothbrush is one with soft nylon bristles and an overall length of about ____ inches

Peers

Development of Sexuality Because parents often repress or avoid their children's sexual curiosity, sexual information received in childhood is often acquired almost entirely from _______

Urge

Development of Sexuality Many children experience some form of sex play during or before preadolescence as a response to normal curiosity, not as a result of love or sexual _______

c

Dillon is a 6 year old starting in a new neighborhood school. On the first day, he complains of a headache and tearfully tells his mother he does not want to go to school. Dillon's mother takes him to school, and the nurse is consulted. The nurse recognizes that Dillon is slow to warm up to others and suggests which of the following? a. put Dillon in the classroom with the other children and leave him alone b. insist that Dillon join and lead the class song c. include Dillon in the activities without assigning him tasks until he willingly participates in activities d. send Dillon home with his mom because he has a headache

c

Early appearance of secondary sex characteristics of girls during preadolescence may be associated with which of the following feelings? a. satisfaction with physical appearance and higher self-esteem b. increase in self-confidence and a more outgoing personality c. dissatisfaction with physical appearance and lower self-esteem d. increased substance use and reckless vehicle use

b

Identify which of the following statements describing fears in the school-age child is true a. school age children are increasingly fearful of body image b. most of the new fears that trouble school-age children are related to school and family c. school age children should be encouraged to hide their fears to prevent ridicule by their peers d. school age children with numerous fears need continuous protective behavior by parents to eliminate these fears

c

In relation to body image, school age children a. are not aware of physical disabilities in others b. pay little attention to their own body capabilities c. seldom express concerns about their bodies to their families d. do not model themselves after their parents or compare themselves with images observed in the media

Anatomic

Injury Prevention Injuries to 5-9 year old children restrained in adult-type seat belts are related to _______ differences between adults and children

Overestimate

Injury Prevention Parents consistently ________ the street-crossing skills of young children ages 5-6 and need education

Infections

Maturation of Systems Because of increased exposure to others in school classes, children can have several _________ in the first 1-2 years of school

Intentions

Moral Development Older school age children are able to judge an act by the ___________ that prompted it rather than just by the consequences

Belonging

Play Part of the enjoyment of team play and the game is knowing the rules, because knowing means _______. Once the rules are established and agreed on, the demand for conformity is strong.

Competition

Play Team play helps children learn about the nature of _________

10 12

Prepubescence Generally, puberty begins no earlier than _____ years in girls and ____ years in boys

Preadolescence

Prepubescence This is the period that begins towards the end of middle childhood and ends with the 13th birthday

Puberty

Prepubescence This signals the beginning of the development of secondary sex characteristics

Accomplishment

Psychosocial Development A sense of _____________ involves the ability to cooperate, compete with others, and cope effectively with people

Inferiority

Psychosocial Development Failure to develop a sense of accomplishment may result in a sense of ___________

Latency

Psychosocial Development Middle childhood is the period of psychosexual development that Freud described as the ______ period, a time of tranquility between the oedipal phase of early childhood and the eroticism of adolescence

Master

Psychosocial Development No child is able to do well in everything, and children must learn that they will not be able to _____ each skill they may attempt

9

Sleep and Rest Sleep requirements decrease during school age years, as 11 year olds require approximately ____ hours of sleep a night

Preventative

Sleep and Rest _________ measures for sleep problems include: -Avoiding overfatigue -Employing relaxation techniques -Relieving any stress

same

Social Development Interactions among peers leads to the formation of intimate friendships between ______-sex peers

Peers

Social Development Much of the child's concept of the appropriate sex role is acquired through relationships with _______

Independence

Social Development The identification with peers is a strong influence in the children's gaining __________ from parents

Easy

Temperament Temperament with children in the _______ category adapt readily to many childrearing programs and new situations. School entry and other chances usually go smoothly and are accomplished with minimal stress