Exam 1 ISP 203 Lecture

oceanic crust is denser than continental crust because (?)

oceanic crust is richer in iron and magnesium containing materials

Wegener used plate tectonics to explain continental drift. (True or False)

False

tsunami detection networks are (?)

accurate at predicting the arrival of a distant tsunami, but rarely provide sufficient warning of tsunami generated by a nearby earthquake

a tsunami in japan would affect (?)

all coastal areas of the pacific

a seismic gap is an (?)

part of an active fault that has not had recent earthquakes

transform boundaries occur where (?)

plates move without pulling apart or colliding

Earthquakes can happen at:

potentially at any of the sites

which is NOT the reason that predicting earthquake is so difficult?

predicting earthquake has huge social impacts

the recurrence interval (?)

predicts the average occurrence of major earthquakes in a single area

earthquake hazard and risk assessment (?)

relies on understanding of geological structures and mechanism of earthquake

the "newest" oceanic crust will be formed at what type of boundary?

divergent

In measuring earthquakes, an event with a richter magnitude magnitude of 5.0 is only slightly stronger than one with a magnitude of 4.0 (True or false)

false

The magnitude of a natural disaster is directly proportional to the frequency of the event (true or false)

false

all natural disasters have detectable precursor events (True or false)

false

earthquakes always occur at plate boundaries (true or false)

false

the tallest mountain ranges are created at transform boundaries (true or false)

false

compared to the lithosphere, the asthenosphere is (?)

hotter and more plastic

magma freezes to (?)

igneous rock

if you are alerted that a tsunami is approaching, your first reaction should be to (?)

immediately head for a location as high above sea level as possible

(?) faults do NOT typically cause tsunami waves

strike-slip

(?) waves have the largest amplitude of ground motion

surface

the cost of natural disasters averaged over the previous ten years has (?) due in part to (?)

increased; population growth only

when it is difficult to obtain moment magnitude, (?) magnitude is the best way to measure large earthquakes because this type of magnitude saturates at M>7.5.

surface-way

a tectonic plate consists of (?)

the lithosphere

the theory of plate tectonics is a (?)

theory that improved on the hypothesis of continental drift

tsunamis are caused by any large, rapid displacement of water (true or false)

true

in an earthquake, you are most likely to be injured from (?)

objects falling on you

plate tectonics is NOT caused by (?)

"ridge push"

A 3.0 magnitude earthquakes releases about (?) times the ENERGY as a 2.0 magnitude earthquake...

32

which of the following is a mineral?

Diamond

the first earthquake waves received by a seismograph near the epicenter are (?)

P waves

A theory is a well-tested hypothesis (True of false)

True

If an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate will...

be subjected under the continental plate

if the recurrence interval of an event in 50 years, recurring events (?)

can occur anytime, but are likely to occur within 50 years

compared to a continental plate, an oceanic plate (?)

can sink into the deeper earth

the (?) magnitude measures the total energy output of an earthquake.

moment

In comparison to developing countries, catastrophic natural disasters in developed countries are most likely to cause (?)

more economic damage, but less loss of life

what is the reliable earthquake precursor that can be used to predict earthquake?

none of the above

Tsunami waves can be amplified (strengthened) if the tsunami enters a closed, shallow bay. (true or false)

true

all earthquakes under the sea will produce a tsunami (true or false)

true

the cost of natural disasters is (?)

variable from year to year due to the unpredictability of natural disasters and their effects

An earthquake early warning system can ....

warn people in distance shortly after the earthquake occurs

which construction material would make a house safest in a moderate earthquake?

wood-framed construction sheathed with plywood