Exam 1 review - B340
top-down processing
"perceiving machines" are used by the US postal service to "read" the addresses on letters and sort them quickly to their correct destinations. Human postal workers are much more successful at reading unclear addresses, most likely because of
parietal
A 10-month old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the ____ lobe
The use of the term "artificial intelligence" was coined by
John McCarthy
Wernicke's area is responsible for ______.
Language comprehension
Which of the following matches the findings of Ebbinghaus's research on memory?
Longer delays between study and test resulted in less savings.
Top-down processing
Maria took a drink from a container marked "milk". Surprised, she quickly spit out the liquid because it turned out the container was filled with orange juice instead. Her response was most likely affected by?
Which one of the following individuals wrote a critique of Skinner's Verbal Behavior playing a major role in the cognitive revolution?
Noam Chomsky
temporal lobes; parietal lobes
Object discrimination problem: ________. Landmark discrimination problem :________.
People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the
Oblique Effect
Which of the following is activated by a picture of a forest?
Parahippocampal place area
Parietal Lobe
Parietal Lobe Which part of the brain is important for touch?
What Gestalt principle states that connected points resulting in straight or smoothly curving lines are seen as belonging together, and that these lines tend to be seen in such a way as to follow the smoothest path?
Principle of good continuation
Extrastriate Body Area (EBA)
Ramon is looking at pictures of scantily clad women in a magazine. He is focusing on their body parts, particularly their chest and legs. Which part of Ramon's brain is activated by this viewing?
Parahippocampal place area (PPA)
Sarah has experiences brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage
The process by which elements in the environment become perceptually grouped to create our perception of objects is known as ________.
Segmentation
Which of the following is the term for when the representation of a particular object occurs by the pattern of firing of a small group of neurons?
Sparse coding
Communication between neurons occurs at the ____.
Synapse
Working memory differs from short-term memory in that
working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information.
Speech Segmentation
Which of the following is an example of an effect of top-down processing?
The founder of the first laboratory of scientific psychology was
Wilhelm Wundt.
Neurons that respond to features that meek up objects are called
feature detectors
The _____ lobe of the cortex serves higher functions such as language, thought, and memory
frontal
The Stroop effect demonstrates
how automatic processing can interfere with intended processing.
The main point of the Donders' reaction time experiments was to
measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision.
Damage to the temporal lobe makes the ___ more difficult
object discrimination problem
The ________ effect is that humans perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations.
oblique
John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of
observable behavior
Selection of the attended message in the Broadbent model occurs based on the
physical characteristics of the message
Ebbinghaus' "memory" experiments were important because they
plotted functions that described the operation of the mind.
When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of ____ attention.
selective
The characteristics associated with the functions carried out in different types of scenes are known as ________.
semantic regularities
The idea of a grandmother cell is consistent with
specificity coding
To a structuralist, an awareness of objects is known as ________.
structuralism
Automatic processing occurs when
tasks are well-practiced
Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because
the filtering step occurs before the meaning of the incoming information is analyzed.
The occipital lobe is
the first place in the cerebral cortex where visual information is received
The likelihood principle states that
we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received
The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the "________" pathway.
what
The temporal lobe is
where signals are received form the auditory system
Which of the following four scenarios should show the fastest reaction times?
words presented to the right visual field
temporal lobe; FFA
An area in the ________ called the ________ is specialized to recognize faces.
Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?
Analytic introspection
Which of the following psychologists is known for research on operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
The difficulty with detecting changes in scenes is called ________.
Change blindness
Temporal
Damage to Wernicke's area is in which lobe of the brain?
Which area of the brain responds specifically to pictures of bodies and parts of bodies?
Extra striate BA
Which lobe of the brain is contains motor cortex?
Frontal
Individuals with prosopagnosia likely have damage to ____.
Fusiform face area
You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of
Good continuation
How do neurons represent different intensities of experience, for example distinguishing between a light touch and heavier pressure on the skin?
Higher rate of firing
top-down
If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of ___ processing
prosopagnosia
The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with
parietal
The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your _____ lobe
Which of the following defines the neuron doctrine?
The nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells.
Bottom-up
The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of ____ processing
Which of the following behaviorists research opened the door for the cognitive revolution by suggesting that there may be more going on than just observable behavior?
Tolman's work on cognitive maps
The ability to recognize an object regardless of the angle at which you view it is known as _____.
Viewpoint invariance
Which of the following fits with Wundt's school of Structuralism?
We are interested in breaking experience down into its individual components.
The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the
What Pathway
The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway.
What; Where
The dorsal pathway is also known as the ________.
action pathway
The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate
an effect of experience-dependent plasticity