Exam 1

Tolerating someone else's unethical actions is not an ethical dilemma since you did not actually commit any act that is unethical. True False

FALSE, in some situations, failure to act may also constitute a breach of an ethical obligation or a legal duty. For example, if you witness a subordinate who is making comments to another employee that constitute sexual harassment, you are implicitly condoning unethical conduct and you are breaching your obligations to your employer which would require you to intervene.

"I was just following orders" is a defense in law and a test for ethical behavior. True False

FALSE. If you use this rationalization you may be in ethical and legal trouble.

The inherence view for business social responsibility is one that requires a company to do all that it can for its community. True False

FALSE. Proponents of this theory focus on shareholders.

Rationalizations prove that our conduct is ethical. True False

FALSE. Rationalizations indicate we are facing ethical dilemmas.

Compliance with the law meets all ethical standards. True False

FALSE. The law is the minimum standard of conduct for ethical behavior. Usually, you need to do more than just comply with the law to act ethically.

Committing acts of personal decadence, like driving home drunk after an office holiday party has no relevance to business ethics. True False

FALSE. This behavior may damage the reputation of the employee and the person or organization that hired him or her.

Ethical egoists believe that solving ethical dilemmas requires training and nurturing of virtues. True False

FALSE. This is the approach of virtue ethicists.

The Ice-T case illustrates what can happen when managers don't take shareholders interests into account when making business decisions. True False

TRUE. Management should have anticipated adverse shareholder reaction.

You are silent while a coworker gets blamed for something you did. This activity falls in the Giving or Allowing False Impressions category of Ethical Dilemmas. True False

TRUE. Sometimes failure to act is unethical.

Ethics are the unwritten rules for behavior that are generally accepted in society. True False

TRUE. This is one of many definitions.

When we are rationalizing, we are not doing a thorough analysis of the ethical problem at hand. True False

TRUE. When we rationalize, we are taking a short-cut rather than analyzing the situation.

"Giving or Allowing False Impressions" is one of the categories of ethical dilemmas according to your textbook. True False

True

"If we don't do it, someone else will" is a rationalization. True False

True

A bank cuts off credit card payments received in the mail at 10am, even though the mail usually arrives in the afternoon, which resulted in $29 late fees for numerous customers whose payments arrived at 1 pm. This is an example of Taking Unfair Advantage. True False

True

Part of Laura Nash's model for resolving ethical dilemmas is to ask, "What is the symbolic potential of your action if understood? If misunderstood?" True False

True

Proponents of the Enlightened Self Interest School believe that a manager is responsible first to shareholders, but serves them best by being responsible to larger society. True False

True

Re-labeling our conduct is one of the techniques that we use to avoid analyzing ethical dilemmas. For example, we might use the term "peer-to-peer file sharing" to refer to copyright infringement. True False

True

Which question is part of the Wall Street Journal Model? a. "What are the long-term and short-term consequences of this decision?" b. "Is it balanced?" c. "How would I feel if I was on the other side of the fence?" d. "How does it make me feel?" e. All of the answer choices are part of the model.

a. "What are the long-term and short-term consequences of this decision?"

Under which school of social responsibility would you insist on full disclosure about all relevant product information that could cause a health hazard to consumers? a. The Social Responsibility School b. The Enlightened Self Interest School c. The Inherence School d. The Invisible Hand School

a. The Social Responsibility School Note: Management in this type or organization is focused on the needs of society over shareholders.

An advantage to ADR is that a creative remedy can be developed to help both sides and courts do not have the ability to do this. a. True b. False

a. True

One of the purposes of law is keeping order. a. True b. False

a. True

Parties may agree to submit to arbitration as part of their contract or they can agree to arbitrate after a dispute arises. a. True b. False

a. True

Stare decisis is the principle that courts follow to decide legal cases by using the legal principles adopted in earlier court cases. a. True b. False

a. True

If you are served with a summons and complaint, you have 20 or 30 days to answer or a motion explaining why a lawsuit in that court is improper. a. True b. False

a. True Note: Defendants who reside outside the state in which the suit is filed have 30 days to respond before a default is entered. Ordinarily, state residents have 20 days.

Statutes enacted by Congress are examples of federal laws. a. True b. False

a. True Note: Laws enacted by Congress, federal administrative agencies and federal executive orders are examples of federal laws.

The Federal Arbitration Act is passed to curb judicial declarations invalidating arbitration clauses. a. True b. False

a. True Note: The U.S. Supreme Court has held that arbitration clauses are binding even in consumer contracts.

Equity is a body of law that attempts to do justice when the law does not provide an adequate remedy. a. True b. False

a. True Note: Traditionally, courts of law can only provide monetary damages, which may not adequately compensate the victim or provide an adequate remedy. Therefore, courts of equity were created to provide additional remedies, such as injunctions.

In which of the following cases would there be federal subject matter jurisdiction? a. a case in which the Justice Department is prosecuting for criminal violations of the Sherman Act, a federal law. b. a case in which a Texas resident is suing a Wisconsin company for a refund of $1,000.00. c. a case in which two Arizona partners are suing each other d. a case in which the state attorney general is prosecuting a corporation for violation of state antitrust laws.

a. a case in which the Justice Department is prosecuting for criminal violations of the Sherman Act, a federal law. Note: Federal law district courts may hear cases in which the United States is a party, cases involving federal questions (i.e. those falling under federal law) and diversity of citizenship cases.

Where is the appropriate place for the government to file and try the case involving the violation of federal environmental laws by BP? a. federal district court. b. state court. c. the United States Supreme Court. d. any of the above would have jurisdiction.

a. federal district court. Note: This was a federal case

In personam jurisdiction: a. refers to jurisdiction over the parties in a case b. can be based on the subject matter of the case c. is based on constitutional standards of residence d. is only applied in federal courts

a. refers to jurisdiction over the parties in a case Note: Courts must have jurisdiction over the parties to a case or the property that is the subject of litigation.

If a corporation's attorney discovers that an employee is committing financial fraud within the company, and the attorney wants to interview you and you were involved, you a. will not be protected by the attorney-client privilege. b. should tell the company's lawyer. c. should report the fraud to the proper prosecutor. d. anonymously report the fraud to the media. e. none of the answer choices are correct

a. will not be protected by the attorney-client privilege. NOTE: The lawyer represents the company and not you.

Which of the following is not a question for the Blanchard/Peale test for ethical behavior? a. Is it legal? b. Does it follow industry code? c. Is it balanced? d. How does it make me feel?

b. Does it follow industry code?

Rebel groups have been fighting to overthrow Syria's President Bashar al-Assad since 2011. The Syrian government has allegedly responded by shooting and bombing its people and it reportedly unleashed a chemical attack. President Trump can bring a lawsuit in the United States against President Bashar al-Assad to recover damages for these atrocities. a. True b. False

b. False

Arbitration is never binding. a. True b. False

b. False Note: Arbitration is usually binding. Some courts use nonbinding arbitration.

A mediator listens to both sides and then makes a decision that both parties must obey. a. True b. False

b. False Note: Arbitrators make decisions. Mediators help the parties come to a mutually agreed upon resolution to a dispute.

All court documents are private. a. True b. False

b. False Note: Court documents are public records. Records of ADR proceedings are private.

An Arizona company sells a computer to a California resident. The California resident moves to Florida and then the computer malfunctions. The plaintiff files suit in a Florida court. The Florida court has jurisdiction. a. True b. False

b. False Note: The Florida court has no relationship to the underlying transaction so there are no "minimum contacts" and therefore, no jurisdiction. See page 95 for a discussion of "minimum contacts". Jurisdiction would be proper in Arizona, where the defendant resides. Also, jurisdiction may be proper in California, depending on how the computers were advertised for sale and whether the vendor shipped the computer into the state.

Once a court decision is issued, it cannot be reversed without legislative action. a. True b. False

b. False Note: The decision may be appealed.

Medarb is a form of ADR where a third party assists the parties in reaching a mutual agreement settling a dispute and if that does not work, the third party proceeds with litigation. a. True b. False

b. False Note: This proceeding begins as mediation and later proceeds to arbitration.

In the United States, equitable remedies are only granted in courts of equity. a. True b. False

b. False Note: courts in the United States can give both legal and equitable remedies.

Under what ethical theory would you be most in danger of using rationalizations to cloud your judgment? a. Wall Street Journal model b. Moral Relativism c. Blanchard/Peale model d. Front page of the newspaper test

b. Moral Relativism Note: Rationalizations and other pressures of the moment can seep into our decision-making using this theory.

If you would return an envelope full of cash to an elderly person who dropped it, and you would keep the money if that woman was Kim Kardashian West, a celebrity, then you are acting ethically under which model or theory? a. Divine Command Theory. b. Moral Relativism. c. Justice Theory. d. Blanchard and Peale Model. e. Virtue Ethics.

b. Moral Relativism. Note: You are using time and place ethics and you are not upholding your values.

Appeals courts a. Always retry lower court cases in their entirety. b. Review the records of the lower courts to determine if the law is applied properly. c. Do not publish their opinions. d. None of the above.

b. Review the records of the lower courts to determine if the law is applied properly.

Does President Trump have the power to require federal customs officials to block the import and export of certain types of goods to and from Ukraine as a result of the hostilities in the Crimea region of that country? a. Yes, he has the power of the veto. b. Yes, he has the power to issue an executive order. c. Yes, he has the power to pass a state statute. d. No, he has no power to require federal employees to obey his rules. e. No, only Congress has the power to specify how federal customs officials do their jobs.

b. Yes, he has the power to issue an executive order.

If you sign a contract that includes language such as the following: "Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this contract, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by binding arbitration in Phoenix, Arizona. The award of the arbitrator shall be final and binding and judgment thereon may be enforced by any court of competent jurisdiction." a. You may choose to arbitrate or to file a lawsuit. b. You have forfeited your right to file a lawsuit. c. The proceeding will be a matter of public record. d. Full discovery rights and subpoena power of the court are preserved.

b. You have forfeited your right to file a lawsuit. Note: When you agree to binding arbitration - and almost all arbitration is binding arbitration - you lose your right to file suit. BOTH parties must agree to change the contract if they decide that they would prefer litigation over arbitration.

How you would analyze an ethical dilemma using ethical egoism? a. You would do the greatest good for the greatest number of people. b. You would do what is in your self-interest. c. You would ask, "How would I feel if I was on the other side of the fence?" d. You would ask, "How does it make me feel?" e. All of the answer choices are part of the analysis.

b. You would do what is in your self-interest.

An arbitrator's award in binding arbitration is final unless a. either party does not like the outcome. b. both parties agree to have the case reopened. c. the arbitrator wants the case to be reopened. d. either party decides to appeal the award.

b. both parties agree to have the case reopened. Note: An arbitration agreement is a contract and it is final and binding on both parties in most cases. However, if both parties want to change the contract, they are able to do so and if both parties agree to change it, they can choose another method to resolve their disputes.

International law is a. comprised of laws of declarations by international governing bodies. b. comprised of a combination of the laws of various countries, international trade customs and international agreements. c. comprised of declarations in international treaties exclusively. d. comprised of international common law. e. none of the above.

b. comprised of a combination of the laws of various countries, international trade customs and international agreements. Note: Option "b" is correct because it is a comprehensive list of all of the sources of international law.

Emma is a resident of St. Johnsbury, Vermont. She was injured in an auto accident in St. Johnsbury when a resident of Burlington, Vermont, struck her car from behind. Emma wishes to bring suit to recover her medical costs and the costs of repair to her car. Emma's suit: a. is properly brought in federal court in Vermont because the drivers were residents of different cities b. is properly brought in Vermont's general trial court c. is properly brought in U.S. Court of Claims since two U.S. citizens were involved d. none of the above

b. is properly brought in Vermont's general trial court Note: This is not a diversity case, or a case arising under federal law, so the state of Vermont has jurisdiction.

What could President Trump do to prevent federal anti-drug agencies (that are part of the executive branch) from arresting medical marijuana providers in those states where medical marijuana has been legalized under state law? a. change the United States Constitution b. issue an executive order c. pass a federal statute d. issue a citation e. change the common law

b. issue an executive order Note: Executive orders are orders governing the executive branch.

You bought a certain quantity of goods from Vendor, Inc. and you have sued that company for a breach of contract for delivering defective goods. You or your attorney will likely send which form of discovery to the defendant indicating that the copy of the contract that you have is authentic? a. work product b. requests for admissions c. pretrial conference d. Depositions

b. requests for admissions

One of the disadvantages inherent in contractual arbitration is that a. the proceedings are less formal. b. the arbitrator's award is final even if the arbitrator made a legal mistake. c. you may choose your arbitrator in many cases. d. resolution of the cases are usually faster than in the court system.

b. the arbitrator's award is final even if the arbitrator made a legal mistake. Note: One of the benefits of arbitration is its finality, but it cuts both ways.

On September 7, 2015, The Baltimore Sun reported that the Mayor of Baltimore has reached a settlement of any future claims that may be filed against the city by the family of Freddie Gray for $6.4 million, even though the family had not filed suit. The settlement is subject to approval by a panel of city leaders. Currently, six officers involved in Gray's arrest and transport in a police van on April 12, 2015, have been charged with crimes ranging from murder to assault; all have pleaded not guilty, but the case has not gone to trial. Protests ensued following Gray's tragic death. If the family filed a lawsuit in Maryland for crimes under Maryland state law, then the court would follow a. the law established under the previous cases in the federal courts. b. the law established under previous cases in Maryland. c. federal laws on the subject. d. the laws established in any state. e. None of the answer choices are correct.

b. the law established under previous cases in Maryland.

You received a summons and complaint against your company. You know that it was properly served on the company, but you were busy, so you forgot about it. What is the result? a. the plaintiff can seek a trial de novo if the defendant fails to file an answer in a timely fashion. b. the plaintiff can seek a default judgment if the defendant fails to file an answer in a timely fashion. c. the plaintiff can seek a writ of certiorari if the defendant fails to file an answer in a timely fashion. d. none of the answer choices are correct.

b. the plaintiff can seek a default judgment if the defendant fails to file an answer in a timely fashion. NOTE: If the defendant fails to answer or explain to the court why he refuses to do so, then the plaintiff may seek a default judgment.

A stakeholder is anyone a. but a shareholder. b. who has an interest in a decision. c. but a firm's employees. d. except the community where a firm is located.

b. who has an interest in a decision. Note: Shareholders, employees and the community are important stakeholders to consider when making ethical decisions.

The minimum amount required for a federal diversity of citizenship suit is: a. $10,000 b. $50,000 c. $75,000 d. There is no minimum amount if there is diversity

c. $75,000 Note: The plaintiff and defendant must also be residents of different states.

Which of the following is correct? a. The rule of law in the case is not precedent b. Dicta is precedent c. Dicta is the discussion of the rule of law d. none of the above

c. Dicta is the discussion of the rule of law Note: The rule of law is binding on future courts within the jurisdiction. Everything in the case other than the rule of law is not binding. Dicta is a discussion of the rule of law in a case - but it is not the rule itself - so it is not binding as precedent going forward.

The late singer, Michael Jackson, was sued by his publicist and general manager for $44M in unpaid fees and commissions. The plaintiff allegedly agreed to work for a "10% finder's fee of any agreement entered into by the singer due to the direct efforts of ... [the plaintiff]." Which of the following is correct? a. Defendants in lawsuits are never required file anything with the court to protect their interests. b. If Mr. Jackson failed to answer within the stated time limit, the plaintiff could obtain a forfeit. c. If Mr. Jackson failed to answer within the stated time limit, the plaintiff could obtain a default. d. None of the answer choices are correct.

c. If Mr. Jackson failed to answer within the stated time limit, the plaintiff could obtain a default. Note: In the case, service was ruled to be improper, so the plaintiff was not awarded a default judgement.

What question is missing from this model of the steps for analyzing ethical dilemmas in your book? i. Gather the facts. ii. List each stakeholder's interests (concerns) in the dilemma. iii. Generate a list of alternatives and apply ethical decision-making models. iv. Evaluate resolutions for cost, legality and impact. v. Recommend and take action. a. Follow management's code of conduct. b. Follow your industry's code of conduct. c. List missing information and your assumptions. d. Nothing is missing from the model above.

c. List missing information and your assumptions. Note: If you skip a step, you may make grave mistakes.

What equitable remedy could the plaintiffs seek to prevent BP from operating in the Gulf of Mexico again? a. monetary damages. b. punitive damages. c. an injunction. d. A and b only. e. None of the answer choices are correct.

c. an injunction.

i.imgur.com/Z97KUR7.png 10. This is a law in the city of Tempe, Arizona that limits noise. It is an example of a. a federal statute. b. a state statute. c. an ordinance. d. the common law. e. stare decisis.

c. an ordinance.

Long-arm statutes: a. give state courts automatic jurisdiction over out-of-state defendants b. have been ruled unconstitutional c. are simply procedural statutes that still require "minimum contacts" for use d. none of the above

c. are simply procedural statutes that still require "minimum contacts" for use Note: For jurisdiction over out-of-state defendants who do not consent to jurisdiction, you need a long-arm statute and minimum contacts over the defendant.

"Business ought to serve society and it does so best when it is responsive to shareholders" is the philosophy of which type of social responsibility school? a. inherence school b. enlightened self-interest school c. invisible hand school d. social responsibility school

c. invisible hand school

Enron Corporation filed for bankruptcy following a number of revelations about its accounting procedures. Enron used a complex structure of corporations and off-the-books debt to mask its true financial picture from the markets. When asked about the propriety of Enron's reporting methods, many analysts have responded, "They simply did what most corporations do." Their comments: a. reflect analysis under the Nash model. b. reflect analysis under the Blanchard/Peale model. c. reflect rationalization. d. reflect Wall Street Journal analysis. e. none of the above

c. reflect rationalization. Note: "Everybody else does it" is one of the more popular rationalizations that people use.

If a case is reversed and remanded, it: a. is dismissed with no further proceedings b. is reversed with no further proceedings c. requires additional hearings or determinations at the trial court level d. means that the lower court acted unconstitutionally e. none of the above

c. requires additional hearings or determinations at the trial court level

Which of the following is an ethical breach using the Categories of Ethics Dilemmas from your book? a. doing things that are unethical b. doing things that are unbalanced c. saying things you know are not true d. saying things that are true but difficult to say e. practicing moral relativism.

c. saying things you know are not true Note: If an issue falls into one of the Categories of Ethical Dilemmas, then you have an ethical issue that you must address.

On September 7, 2015, The Baltimore Sun reported that the Mayor of Baltimore has reached a settlement of any future claims that may be filed against the city by the family of Freddie Gray for $6.4 million, even though the family had not filed suit. The settlement is subject to approval by a panel of city leaders. Currently, six officers involved in Gray's arrest and transport in a police van on April 12, 2015, have been charged with crimes ranging from murder to assault; all have pleaded not guilty, but the case has not gone to trial. Protests ensued following Gray's tragic death. With respect to the burden of proof in criminal cases compared with civil cases, a. the burden of proof in a criminal case is the same as the burden of proof in a civil case. b. the burden of proof in a criminal case is the lower than the burden of proof in a civil case. c. the burden of proof in a criminal case is higher than the burden of proof in a civil case. d. None of the answers above are correct.

c. the burden of proof in a criminal case is higher than the burden of proof in a civil case.

Who enforces criminal laws? a. individuals who are harmed. b. police officers. c. the government. d. none of the answer choices are correct.

c. the government. Note: The government, representing the public, enforces criminal laws because criminal violations are considered to be wrongs against society. Punishment for criminal wrongs includes fines and imprisonment.

The common law comprised of a. the law that is followed by all states. b. the law followed within the federal system. c. the legal customs that began in England and adopted by courts in the United States. d. the law created by the legislature.

c. the legal customs that began in England and adopted by courts in the United States.

BP (British Petroleum) was found grossly negligent in a civil trial for causing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010. The judge assigned 67 percent of the liability to BP, 30 percent to Transocean and 3 percent to Halliburton. During the trial, what did the court apply? a. the dicta from previous cases. b. the voir dire from previous court cases. c. the rule of law from previous cases. d. none of the answer choices are correct.

c. the rule of law from previous cases. Note: The rule of law is the legal principle adopted by a court that others within the jurisdiction must follow.

People who are injured in traffic accidents caused by the GM ignition switch defect must file suit very soon or their lawsuits will be barred by a. improper venue. b. the time to answer. c. the statute of limitations. d. none of the answer choices are correct.

c. the statute of limitations.

The particular geographical area within a judicial district where a suit should be brought. a. jurisdiction b. in rem c. venue d. exhaustion doctrine

c. venue

Which of the following is a question in Laura Nash's test for ethical behavior? a. "Does it violate the company's code of conduct?" b. "Are others in my industry doing the same thing?" c. "Is everyone else doing it?" d. "How did the situation occur in the first place?"

d. "How did the situation occur in the first place?"

Forms of discovery include a. Requests for production b. Depositions c. Requests for admissions d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Voir dire a. Allows attorneys to ask jurors questions about their knowledge of the case, level of education, background, etc. b. Allows attorneys to make challenges for cause c. Provide for peremptory challenges d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is not among the categories of ethical dilemmas according to your textbook? a. taking things that do not belong to you b. giving or allowing false impressions c. perpetrating interpersonal abuse d. All of the above are ethical breaches.

d. All of the above are ethical breaches.

Which of the following is not a potential consequence of poor ethical choices by company? a. loss of reputation b. loss of earning power c. additional regulation d. All of the above are potential consequences of poor ethical choices.

d. All of the above are potential consequences of poor ethical choices.

Jurisdiction is proper when a defendant a. owns property within the state when the property is the subject of the suit. b. agree to submit to a particular state's jurisdiction in a contract. c. is physically present or had minimum contacts within the state. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

On September 7, 2015, The Baltimore Sun reported that the Mayor of Baltimore has reached a settlement of any future claims that may be filed against the city by the family of Freddie Gray for $6.4 million, even though the family had not filed suit. The settlement is subject to approval by a panel of city leaders. Currently, six officers involved in Gray's arrest and transport in a police van on April 12, 2015, have been charged with crimes ranging from murder to assault; all have pleaded not guilty, but the case has not gone to trial. Protests ensued following Gray's tragic death. If the family chose to file a lawsuit rather than settle the case, the case would be __________ and the burden of proof would be __________. a. Criminal; beyond a reasonable doubt. b. Criminal; preponderance of the evidence. c. Civil; beyond a reasonable doubt. d. Civil; preponderance of the evidence. e. None of the answers above are correct.

d. Civil; preponderance of the evidence.

Which of the following word pairs do not go together? a. Divine Command Theory and Religion b. Ethical Egoism and Self-Interest c. Utilitarianism and Majority d. Front-Page-of-the-Newspaper Test and Religion e. none of the word pairs go together

d. Front-Page-of-the-Newspaper Test and Religion

Which of the following statements is true about an ethical business? a. It will always be profitable. b. It will always satisfy all stakeholders. c. It will always survive over the long run. d. It will avoid the consequences of unethical behavior.

d. It will avoid the consequences of unethical behavior. Note: There is no guarantee that acting ethically will improve profits, but to do so will avoid the costs incurred to rectify unethical behavior.

Which statement is incorrect about mini-trials? a. It is a small-scale trial where parties present case to a judge with experience in the field or to a neutral advisor. b. An advisor or judge makes the decision. c. It can motivate parties to resolve differences even if the results are not binding. d. None of the above

d. None of the above Note: This is a nonbinding procedure that may help that parties reach a settlement.

Cheating on exams is acceptable because a. "It is not illegal." b. "It doesn't really hurt anyone." c. "The system is unfair." d. None of the above because all are rationalizations.

d. None of the above because all are rationalizations.

Which of the following corporate contributions would be permitted under the inherence school? a. a corporate contribution to a shelter program for the homeless b. a corporate contribution to an organization to help battered women c. a corporate contribution to a charitable worldwide organization to provide medical care d. a corporate contribution to a new transportation system located near the corporate headquarters to attract talented employees and their families.

d. a corporate contribution to a new transportation system located near the corporate headquarters to attract talented employees and their families. Note: This is a measure designed to benefit employees and therefore, shareholders.

Cases that can be heard in federal court include: a. diversity of citizenship and a claim of $75,000 or more b. federal question cases c. cases where the United States is a party d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

A writ of certiorari is: a. a reversal by an appeals court of a lower court decision b. a refusal to review a lower court decision c. a reduction in damages awarded by the trial court d. an order granting review of a case

d. an order granting review of a case Note: The United States Supreme Court issues this type of writ when it decides to review a case.

Please refer to the question above. Enron's failure to disclose its off-the-book debts was legal in many instances. Which of the following ethical categories do you think apply to that type of financial reporting? a. balancing ethical dilemmas b. giving or allowing a false impression c. taking unfair advantage d. both b and c e. none of the above

d. both b and c

The "front page of the newspaper test": a. was developed by Laura Nash. b. is the same as the Wall Street Journal test. c. was developed by Blanchard/Peale. d. uses the perspective of a reporter who is reporting impartially.

d. uses the perspective of a reporter who is reporting impartially. Note: This test is used to envision how actions appear in the outside world.

Laura Nash would ask a. "How would I view the problem if I sat on the other side of the fence? " b. "How did the situation arise in the first place?" c. "Who does the action or decision injure?" d. "Will I feel as comfortable over the long term as I do today?" e. All of the above

e. All of the above

The advantages of arbitration over litigation include a. Less formality b. Some flexibility in scheduling hearing dates c. Records of the proceeding are private d. A speedier resolution to the dispute e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Precedent does not have to be followed when a. Cases are factually distinguishable b. Precedent is from another jurisdiction c. Technology changes d. There are sociological, moral, or economic changes e. All of the above.

e. All of the above.

On September 7, 2015, The Baltimore Sun reported that the Mayor of Baltimore has reached a settlement of any future claims that may be filed against the city by the family of Freddie Gray for $6.4 million, even though the family had not filed suit. The settlement is subject to approval by a panel of city leaders. Currently, six officers involved in Gray's arrest and transport in a police van on April 12, 2015, have been charged with crimes ranging from murder to assault; all have pleaded not guilty, but the case has not gone to trial. Protests ensued following Gray's tragic death. If the family filed a lawsuit in Maryland for crimes under Maryland state law and the court would follow the laws established under previous cases in Maryland what may be a reason for the city to settle the case rather than go to trial? a. The case would be resolved more quickly. b. It is usually less expensive to settle a case. c. The facts underlying the dispute usually remain confidential. d. If there is no lawsuit, then the underlying facts of the case may not be a matter of public record. e. All of the answer choices are valid reasons to settle the case.

e. All of the answer choices are valid reasons to settle the case.

Which of the ethics theories and tests asks, "How does it make me feel?" meaning that a manager should perform a self-examination to determine his or her comfort level with the decision? a. Virtue ethics b. Moral relativism c. Primum non nocere d. The categorical imperative. e. The Blanchard and Peale Model.

e. The Blanchard and Peale Model.

Let's say that you are producing a movie for your movie production company. It is a comedy in which the lead characters plan to assassinate the leader of a military dictatorship. Who are the stakeholders of this movie? a. employees and former employees. b. the American public. c. the actors. d. the government, especially leaders who make policy relating to foreign affairs. e. all of the above are stakeholders.

e. all of the above are stakeholders. Note: Any person or group that has an interest in the outcome is a stakeholder.