Exam 1

Which of the following is not an aspect of the Nature of Science

The goal of science is to discover the laws of nature

A scientific law is

a statement describing natural events

scientists use their creativity when

designing experiments asking scientific questions when interpretting experimental evidence

You hold a ball motionless in your hand. The force of your hand pushing up on the ball is ________________ the force of the earth pulling down on the ball.

equal to

You hold an a ball motionless in your hand. The force of your hand pushing up on the ball is ________________ the force of the ball pushing down on your hand.

equal to

You hold an apple motionless in your hand. The force of your hand pushing up on the apple is ________________ the force of the earth pulling down on the apple.

equal to

What are scientific theories most useful in?

explaining what has been observed and predicting new resultsTr

True or false: scientist who view the exact same evidence should reach identical conclusions

false

True or false: there are no generally accepted ethical principles in the conduct of science

false

True or false: there are no matters that cannot usefully be examined in a scientific way

false

True or false: there can be no biased interpretation of date because the numbers can't lie

false

True or false:Newton described motion as being either "natural" or "violent".

false

True or false:The double pan balance we used in the lab will also give us an accurate measure of mass in outer space.

false

true or false: Scientists assume that there is a way to secure complete and absolute truth.

false

true or false: When people know how scientists go about their work and reach scientific conclusions, and what the limitations of such conclusions are, they are less likely to react thoughtfully to scientific claims and more likely to reject them out of hand or accept them uncritically.

false

true or false: all scientific discoveries result from following the scientific method.

false

true or false: if enough experiments are made, scientist can be absolutely certain of a scientific conclusion

false

true or false: if one theory explains a set of observations very well, it is not possible that another theory may fit just as well or better, or fit a still wider range of observations.

false

true or false: in time, hypotheses become theories, and most theories become laws

false

true or false: it is always possible tot control variables when conducting scientific investigations

false

true or false: science unlike other fields of study in that one can be 100% certain of scientific conclusions

false

true or false: scientist accept the notion of attaining absolute truth and do not accept uncertainty as part of nature

false

true or false: true scientific ventures do not allow social aspects to influence experimentation and analysis of results

false

true or false:The direction of scientific research is unaffected by informal influences within the culture of science itself, such as prevailing opinion on what questions are most interesting or what methods of investigation are most likely to be fruitful.

false

true or false:scientists who view the exact same evidence should reach identical conclusions

false

Whirl a rock at the end of a string on an ice-covered pond and it follows a circular path. If the string breaks, the tendency of the rock is to

follow a straight-line path

An object that is slowing down while moving to the right can be modeled pictorially by a series of dots that

get closer together with time

You hold an apple in your hand. As you toss it upward, the force of your hand pushing up on the apple is ________________ the force of the earth pulling down on the apple.

greater than

A negative velocity implies that an object

is moving in the negative direction

An object is increasing speed when

its velocity and acceleration have the same sign

A force is a vector quantity because it has both

magnitude and direction

A kilogram is a measure of an object's

mass

Which of the following types are scientific models?

mathematical, graphical, numerical, pictorial, verbal, physical, kinesthetic

Physics can be defined as the science that deals with

matter and energy

A negative displacement implies that an object

moved in the negative direction

A positive displacement implies that an object

moved in the positive direction

A negative velocity implies an object

moving in the negative direction

The faster an object travels, the __________ its "Position vs Time graph will be.

steeper

The most important factor when considering the validity of a scientific conclusion is

the evidence collected to support it

If less horizontal force is applied to a sliding object than is needed to maintain a constant velocity,

the object eventually slides to a stop

A rock weighs 30 N on Earth. A second rock weighs 30 N on the moon. Which of the two rocks has the greater mass?

the one of the moon

A force of 1 N accelerates a mass of 1 kg at the rate of 1 m/s/s. The acceleration of a mass of 2 kg acted upon by a net force of 2 N is

the same

A car and a much heavier truck collide. The heavier truck is moving much faster than the car when they collide. Each puts a force on the other one. The force of the car on the truck is ___________ the force of the truck on the car.

the same as

A small car breaks down out on the road and receives a push back to town by a large truck. While the truck is pushing on the car, but not hard enough to make the car move, the force of the truck on the car is __________________ to the force of the car on the truck.

the same as

A small car breaks down out on the road and receives a push back to town by a large truck. While the truck, still pushing the car, is speeding up to get to cruising speed, the force of the truck on the car is __________________ to the force of the car on the truck.

the same as

Compared to the mass of an object on the earth, its mass in outer space where there is no net influence of gravity is

the same as on earth

If a theory is challenged by new evidence, which of the following could occur?

the theory could be altered

A scientist's creative imagination depends in part on

their past experiences and prior knowledge

Science can be described as the process of

theorizing

True or False:Aristotle believed that the natural state of an object was to be at rest in its "natural place."

true

True or false: A scientific theory is valid as long as new evidence continues to support it.

true

True or false: Creativity is an important ingredient of the scientific process

true

True or false: The inertia balance we used in the lab will also give us an accurate measure of mass in outer space.

true

True or false: sometimes scientists let their own personal bias cloud their reasoning

true

True or false:Science presumes that the things and events in the universe occur in consistent patterns that are comprehensible through careful, systematic study.

true

True or false:When people know how scientists go about their work and reach scientific conclusions, and what the limitations of such conclusions are, they are more likely to react thoughtfully to scientific claims and less likely to reject them out of hand or accept them uncritically.

true

true or false: No matter how well one theory explains a set of observations, it is possible that another theory may fit just as well or better, or may fit a still wider range of observations.

true

true or false: children should start learning about scientific studies and the nature of science as soon as they enter school

true

true or false: science as an enterprise has individual, social, and institutional dimensions

true

true or false: scientist believe that knowledge gained by studying one part of the universe can lead to an understanding of other parts of the universe

true

true or false: scientist reject the notion of attaining absolute truth and accept some uncertainty as part of nature.

true

true or false:There is no fixed set of steps that scientist always follow, no one path leads them unerringly to scientific knowledge

true

A baseball is tossed upward with an initial velocity of +36 m/s, rises to some high position, and then falls back down to be caught at its original release position. What is the value of its acceleration immediately after release?

-10 m/s/s

A baseball is tossed upward with an initial velocity of +24 m/s, rises to some high position, and then falls back down to be caught at its original release position. What is the value of its velocity 4 seconds after release?

-16 m/s

A baseball is tossed upward with an initial velocity of +24 m/s, rises to some high position, and then falls back down to be caught at its original release position. What is the value of its velocity immediately before being caught?

-24 m/s

What is the initial position of an object that is modeled mathematically by the equation x(t) = 4t - 3, where x(t) is in meters when t is in seconds?

-3 m

A car traveling at 24 m/s comes to a halt in 6 seconds. What is the acceleration in m/s/s of the car?

-4 m/s/s

An object's position (in meters) as a function of time (in seconds) is modeled by the equation x(t) = 5t + 4. What was the acceleration of this object?

0

A 10-N falling object encounters 10 N of air resistance. The net force on the object is

0 N

A baseball is tossed upward with an initial velocity of +36 m/s, rises to some high position, and then falls back down to be caught at its original release position. What is the value of its velocity at its highest point in the air?

0 m/s

An object travels 5 m east in 6 s, stops for 3 s, and then travels 15 m west in 11 s. Its average speed for the entire trip was

1.00 m/s

A bullet is fired straight down from the top of a high cliff. Neglecting air resistance, the acceleration of the bullet in m/s/s

10

A 1-kg ball is thrown at 10 m/s straight upward. Neglecting air resistance, the net force that acts on the stone when it is halfway to the top of its path is about

10 N

An object's position (in meters) as a function of time (in seconds) is modeled by the equation x(t) = 5t2 + 4t + 2. What was the acceleration of this object?

10 m/s/s

An astronaut travels to a distant planet that has an acceleration due to gravity of 4.0 m/s/s. Assuming no air resistance, how fast will an object be traveling 2.0 s after being fired into the air with an initial speed of 20 m/s?

12 m/s

A vacationing family travels east in their car for 4 hours at an average speed of 50 mph, stops to visit a museum for 4 hours, and then travels west 2 more hours at an average speed of 40 mph. The magnitude of their average velocity for the entire trip was

12 mph

A car accelerates at 2 m/s/s. Assuming the car starts from rest, how much time does it need to accelerate to a speed of 30 m/s?

15 sec

Lupert stands on a bridge overlooking the river below. He holds a rock over the water and releases it. Neglecting the effects of air resistance, how far did the rock fall if it takes 2.0 s to hit the water below?

20 m

Lupert stands on a bridge overlooking the river below. He holds a rock over the water and tosses it downward with a speed of 15 m/s. Neglecting the effects of air resistance, how far did the rock fall if it takes 1.0 s to hit the water below?

20 m

An object is released to fall freely through the air. What is its speed 2.0 seconds after release?

20 m/s

A vacationing family travels east in their car for 4 hours at an average speed of 50 mph, stops to visit a museum for 4 hours, and then travels west 2 more hours at an average speed of 40 mph. What was their average speed for the entire trip?

28 mph

An object's position (in meters) as a function of time (in seconds) is modeled by the equation x(t) = 4t2 + 5t + 3. What was the initial position of this object?

3 m

What is the initial position of an object that is modeled mathematically by the equation x(t) = -4t + 3, where x(t) is in meters when t is in seconds?

3 m

An astronaut travels to a distant planet that has an acceleration due to gravity of 4.0 m/s/s. Assuming no air resistance, how fast will an object be traveling 3.0 s after being fired into the air with an initial speed of 15 m/s?

3 m/s

Lupert stands on a bridge overlooking the river below. He holds a rock over the water and tosses it downward with a speed of 25 m/s. Neglecting the effects of air resistance, how far did the rock fall if it takes 1.0 s to hit the water below?

30 m

An object is pulled northward by a force of 10 N and at the same time another force of 15 N pulls it southward. The magnitude of the resultant force on the object is

5 N

An object's position (in meters) as a function of time (in seconds) is modeled by the equation x(t) = 4t + 5. What was the initial position of this object?

5 m

An object's position (in meters) as a function of time (in seconds) is modeled by the equation x(t) = 4t2 + 5t + 3. What was the initial velocity of this object?

5 m/s

Lupert stands on a bridge overlooking the river below. He holds a rock over the water and releases it. Neglecting the effects of air resistance, how far did the rock fall if it takes 1.0 s to hit the water below?

5.0 m

An object is released to fall freely through the air. What is its speed 5.0 seconds after release?

50 m/s

A person is attracted toward the center of the Earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The Earth is attracted toward the person with a force of

500 N

A 10-N falling object encounters 4N of air resistance. The net force on the object is

6 N

If a car increases its velocity from zero to 60 km/h in 10 seconds, its acceleration is

6 km/h/s

At one instant an object in free fall is moving downward at 50 m/s. One second later its speed should be about

60 m/s

An astronaut travels to a distant planet that has an acceleration due to gravity of 4.0 m/s/s. Assuming no air resistance, how fast will an object be traveling 2.0 s after being fired into the air with an initial speed of 15 m/s?

7 m/s

An astronaut travels to a distant planet that has an acceleration due to gravity of 4.0 m/s/s. Assuming no air resistance, how fast will an object be traveling 3.0 s after being fired into the air with an initial speed of 20 m/s?

8 m/s

An object's position (in meters) as a function of time (in seconds) is modeled by the equation x(t) = 4t2 + 5t + 3. What was the acceleration of this object?

8 m/s/s

Lupert stands on a bridge overlooking the river below. He holds a rock over the water and releases it. Neglecting the effects of air resistance, how far did the rock fall if it takes 4.0 s to hit the water below?

80 m

The mass of a pet turtle that weighs 10 N is

about 1 kg

A bag of groceries has a mass of 10 kilograms and a weight of

about 100 N

Which of the following is a scientific claim

all people live at least 50 years

A rock is thrown vertically into the air. At the very top of its trajectory the net force on it is

almost equal to its weight

What is a scientific claim capable of?

being proven false

Arnold Strongman and Suzie Small each pull very hard on opposite ends of a massless rope in a tug-of-war. The greater force on the rope is exerted by

both the same, interestingly enough

If no external forces are acting on a moving object it will

continue moving at the same velocity

When faced with a claim that something is true, scientists respond by asking

what evidence supports it

An object that remains stationary at the -5 m position can be modeled mathematically by which equation?

x(t)=-5

An object that starts at the origin and moves with a constant velocity of -5 m/s can be modeled mathematically by which equation?

x(t)=-5t

An object that starts at the 5 m position and moves with a constant velocity of -1 m/s can be modeled mathematically by which equation?

x(t)=-t+5

An object that remains stationary at the 5 m position can be modeled mathematically by which equation?

x(t)=5

An object that starts at the origin and moves with a constant velocity of 5 m/s can be modeled mathematically by which equation?

x(t)=5t

An object that starts at the 5 m position and moves with a constant velocity of 1 m/s can be modeled mathematically by which equation?

x(t)=t+5

A car maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/hr for 10 seconds. During this interval its acceleration is

zero