exam 2 1309

74. What is the most significance of the burgess shale fossils

these fossils show a rapid increase in animal diversity

13. Which of the following traits had NO observable variable in Darwin's mocking birds a)break lengths b)beak size c)feather coloration

they all had observable traits

20. What do natural selection and sexual selection have in common?

they both operate by some individuals passing on more genes to the next generation

76. Why do velvet worms remained unchanged since they moved onto land?

they have soft skin and must live in moist environments

98. How do baby platypuses get milk

they lap up milk secreted onto the mother's fur

89. An example of a menotreme is a duck billed platypus

true

90. Mammary glands evolved from sweat glands

true

31. Mineralization occurs when _____ a) tissues dissolve away leaving a space to be filled with harder material b)replicas of organisms are formed including internal structures c) the weight if water or mud leaches out internal body parts to be replaced with minerals d) two of the above are correct.

two of the above are correct

46. Which of these radioactive elements has the longest half life and would be more appropriate to use to date very old rocks that are thought to be 4.0 billion years old

uranium 238

88. Another name for a pouched mammal is a ___

marsupial

93. Opossums and koalas are members of which group of mammals?

marsupials

14. Which species gave Darwin his first ideas about evolution?

mockingbirds of South America and Galapagoes

34. The diagram shows undisturbed sedimentary strata at the bottom on an ocean. The fossils found in layer B resemble the fossils found in layer A this suggest that

modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life

52. Which of the following is geologic evidence for snowball earth

drop stones

66. What two problems do organisms need to solve in order to successfully live on land?

dryingout & obtaining oxygen

92. Which animal is a monotreme

echidna

97. The hair of this animal is modified into spine for protection

echidna

81. What anti predator defenses are found in arthropods?

exoskeletons made of chitin

82. Tiktaalik is a fossil that fills the gap between

fishes and tetrapods

29. When looking for fossils in amber, its best to look neat the site of prehistoric

forrest

30. Which of the following is not a type of built in bias when we look at the fossil record? A) most fossils form best in aquatic environments, thus we have mostly aquatic species of fossils. B) shells and bone decompose slowly so organisms with bones and shells are found more often as fossils c) fossils found in older rocks mineralize faster, then fossils in younger sites.

fossils found in older rocks mineralize faster, then fossils in younger sites.

75. All of these animal groups are found for the first time in the burgess shale fossils except (arthropods,fractal animals,mollusks,vertebrate ancestors)

fractal animals

53. These animals had modular bodies, with 20 highly branched identical elements on either side. They were very thin

fractofusus

87. What are the two main characteristics that distinguish mammals from all other animals?

hair and mammary glands

80. This bizarre animal from the burgess shale had 5 pair of lobe like legs and 5 pairs of spikes on top of its body. This animal is

hallucigenia

16. Chris Shnieder and his colleagues traveled to Ecuador to study ___ and determine how a new species may arise

hummingbirds

19. Natural selection__ while sexual selection___

is about surviving and gathering resources , is about mating opportunities

22. A specialized bill that helps a particular group of birds access a rich new food resource

likely evolved by natural selection

21. Which bird character from our story will be most likely to pass on more genes to the next generation?

longbill

43. If you could travel back 400 million yrs ago, which of the following organisms would you not see on land (tress,mammals,insects,dinasours)

mammals

54. Collagen is

the protein used as sticky tape to hold sponges cells together.

50. The first organisms to evolve one earth

did not have nucleus

18. List the 4 components of natural selection and give an example of each using the hummingbird

1. Genetic variation- humming birds with long or short bills.2. Over production offspring- hummingbird produce 12 off springs, but only 1-2 survive3. Struggle for existence- competition for nectar. Hummingbirds with short bills will have a harder time than the ones who have long bills. Short bills have limited resources.4. Differential survival & reproduction: DNA is inherit by parents. Long bills will survive while small bill hummingbirds will die over time.

What are the two conditions required for evolution in a population?

1. there has to be genetic variation2. there has to be demand from the environment that selected one DNA over the other.

35. A rock formed with 1000 atoms if radioactive atoms but only contains 250 radioactive atoms today. If the half life is 1,000,000 years how old is the rock?

2,000,000

69. Insects evolved with___ pair legs and ___ pair of wings

3/2

49. You know that the half life of a radioactive isotope is 10,000 years. If a rock layer starts out with 100,000 atoms of this radioactive isotope,how many atoms will be left after 10,000 years?

50,000

44. When did the Cambrian explosion take place

535-525 mya

72. When did the Cambrian explosion take place?

535-525 mya

25. Which of the following fossils an example of permineralization?

A fossilized dinosaur bone

41. choose characterists of this image (more than one) A)earliest animal fossil B)embryos C)found in China D)100 million years old

A)earliest animal fossil B)embryos C)found in China

68. How are true arthropods better adapted for life on land than velvet worms? A) their exoskeleton keeps them from dryingout B) their exoskeletons allow them to get bigger than velvet worms c)their jointed appendages are better at manipulating the environment d) two od the above are true d) A. B. C

A,B & C

1. Charles Darwin spent 5 years aboard the _____ studying fossils,plants, and animals in the Galapagos island

Beagle

39. Which statement below is false about stromatolites? A.) they can grow into large mounds bc there are no predators due to salty water B.)they consist of blue green algae also known as cyanobacteria C)they are commonly found on the shores of all continents D) they were the first organisms to release oxygen into the air

C)they are commonly found on the shores of all continents

37. Which radioactive element would be appropriate to use to date a moth that is thought to be 10,000 years old?

Carbon 12

3. Why did Darwin take so long to publish the Origin of Species?

Darwin was concerned about the reaction of others to the implications of his theory

Evolution can be defined as a change in the ____ ____ of _____ over time. ****

Genepool(collective DNA) & population

96. The platypus is one of many strange Australian mammals. How does the platypus locate its food?

It feeds underwater by touch, using its sensitive bill

28. Would a dry cave be a good place for permineralization to occur?

No because permineralization requires flowing water.

100. Based on the fossil record, feathers first appeared in

dinasours

24. The best place to die if you wish to become a fossil is

Shallow ocean

84. How was acanthostega different from tiktaalik? A) acanthosetega had bones in its forelimbs but taktaalik did not B) acnthotega has fingers and Taktaalik did not C)A had fins but T had distinct feet D) A had wrist bones but T did not

acnthotega has fingers and Taktaalik did not

55. Why were fractal animals an evolutionary dead end?

Their body plan was based upon branching-thus they never develop a mouth, symmetry or mobility

36. Which radioactive element would be appropriate to use to date very old rocks that might be 6 billion years old?

Uranium 238

2. Darwin is best known for (2 answers)

Writing the book The origin of species & proposing that species evolve through the process of natural selection.

71. Which is not true about burgess shale? A) they provide fossil evidence for the Cambrian explosion B) it was unsual in that it contains fossils evidence of soft bodied organisms C) opabinia, hallucigenia and anamalacaris were found in the burgess shale D)two of the above E) a,b and c are true

a,b,c are true

38. Which type of fossil dating uses radioactive isotopes?

absolute

48. In this type of dating, radioactive isotopes are used to estimate how long ago rocks or fossils were formed. These radioactive isotopes include 14C and 238U

absolute

56. Which of these is not an advantage of mobility? They can

absorb nutrients from the water

6. In darwins time, people were already practicing artificial selection on domesticated species. Why was artificial selection important to Darwin's ideas of evolution? a) He could now extend the idea of selection per se to the natural world vs just the domesticated world. b) Because the church believed that AS showed that new species could be created by someone other than God. C) because farmers saw that their livestock,like cows, could change over time in order to produce milk

all are correct

32. What series of events led to the discovery of fossils known as lucy? A) the right conditions for fossilization had occur b) uplifting of buried sediment had to bring the fossil remains close to the surface c)erosion of remaining layers of sediments had to expose the bones on the surface d) all of the above

all of the above

7. What kind of organisms can be genetically manipulated through artificial selection? a) Domesticated. b)plants. C)first generation organisms caught out of the wild

all of the above

104. Most scientists agree that the first definite fossil bird from 145 million years ago is

archaeopteryx

103. Which are unique to birds (feathers,fused arm bones,allantois membranes in their eggs)

arm bones & allantois membranes in their eggs

77. This fossil animal was a giant millipede with 26-28 body segments. Fossils indicate that this millipede measured up to 4.5 feet long. Lived in the forest about 335 years ago.

arthropleura

5. _____is the selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms

artificial selection

11. Cats. If one were produce a type of hypoallergenic cat, how would one go about doing it? Start with a population of short hair cats that have been tested with humans who are allergic to cats. Breed the cats that have the least allergic reaction. Test the offspring with allergic humans and select the ones with the least effect. Continue choosing the least allergy-generating cats to reproduce. The traits that provoke allergies are weeded out, but the resulting breed will probably not be entirely hypoeallergenic. Animals without fur have a fewer of the allegens that irritate and cause symptions,however they aren't completely hypoallergic

artificial selection **

12. Belgian blue cattle have been bred for increased meat production

artificial selection**

65. radical,bilateral or asymmetric

asymmetric

45. Which appeared first (synapsids,pneumodesmus,ediacaran,bangiomorpha)

bangiomorpha

57. __symmetry would give an aquatic animal the most efficient way to swim

bilateral

47. Which of these radioactive elements would be more appropriate to date Yuka, a Siberian mammoth found in permafrost that is thought to be 10,000 years old?

carbon 14

83. All of these are fish like characteristics of tiktalik except (fins,crocodile head shape,jaws, scales)

crocodile shaped head

23. Which of the following male characteristic associated in our story with sexual selection by male competition but NOT female choice? A) elaborate ornamentation b) defense of a recourse rich territory c)lack of paternal care d)complex courtship displays

defense of a resource rich

94. The function of the placenta is to..

deliver food and oxygen while removing wastes

9. In an ecosystem,some giraffes have long necks and others have short ones. If something caused low lying shrubs to die out, the giraffes with short necks would not get enough food. After a few generations,all the giraffes would have long necks

natural selection **

10. Bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics and this can happen very quickly,since bacteria can produce several generations within one day. The stronger bacteria are the last to die and the antibioticts sometimes does not kill all of them

natural selection***

15. The primary way that evolution occurs is through ____ when population changes respose to ____ and become adapted to new conditions

natural selection, the environment

17. If there is no variation or source of variation in a population,can evolution occur?

no

67. Do trilobites have simple eyes?

no

78. This odd animal from the burgess shale had flaps on its side and a tail, so it could swim in open water. 5 eyes and a long proboscis.attenborough says it looks like a whole bunch of different body parts were

opabinia

73. Which is not the correct pairing of organisms and traits

opabinia/first real digestive tract

70. What caused the end of the golden age of arthoropods?

oxygen levels dropped and rainforest shrank

51. The stromatolites of western Australia were formed by

photosynthesizing bacteria

86. Which mammal gives birth to the most developed offspring?

placentals

91. The only egg laying mammals are the ___ and ___

platypus and echinid

102. These are all possible reasons why feathers might have evolved before flight except (attracting mates,hiding from predators,insulating eggs, preventing sunburn, retaining body heat)

preventing sunburn

26. Which of the following process are not likely to ruin your chances of becoming a fossil?

sedimentation

33. A cross section of rock layers is shown below. Which is found in the oldest layer

shell

27. Which of the following is least likely to become a fossil?

slug

85. When looking at in sequence, what do the fossils of eusthenopteron,taktaalik and acanthostega reveal?

the evolution of teatrapods from fish

8. Why do offspring of individuals who survive and reproduce have an evolutionary advantage?

the offspring are more likely to have inherited the beneficial traits from their parents ***

101. All of these are reptilian characteristics of archaeopteryx except ( bony jaws with teeth,claws on the tips of wings, lone bony tails, reptilian head, wings with feathers)

wings with feathers

79. This strange burgess shale animal is known to be early snail. Like modern snails, it used a calcium carbonate shell to protect itself from predators and spines on top of its body

wiwaxia

4. Evidence shows that modern dogs are direct descendents of

wolves

95. which statement describes marsupials

young are born at an early age and finished development inside a pouch