Exam 2 (Ch 5-8)

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the person-centered approach?

Emphasis is given to developing a contract for therapy.

According to Perls, awareness of and by itself is not sufficient to lead to change; clients must also put their experiences into some type of cognitive framework if change is to happen.

F

According to the existential view, death makes life meaningless.

F

Adlerian therapists pay careful focus to techniques and work in structured, set ways.

F

By discussing a client's earliest recollections, an Adlerian counselor hopes to bring unconscious conflicts to the surface.

F

Existential therapy is rarely used for group treatment.

F

Existentialists claim that the use of specific techniques is the cornerstone of the approach.

F

Free association and dream analysis are a typical part of the person-centered therapist's procedures.

F

From the existential viewpoint, anxiety is seen as a neurotic manifestation; thus the aim of therapy is to eliminate anxiety so clients can live comfortably.

F

Gestalt theory is best considered as a form of psychoanalytic therapy.

F

Gestalt therapy is designed for individual counseling, and it typically does not work well in groups.

F

Gestaltists typically ask why questions in the attempt to get clients to think about the source of their problems.

F

Retroflection involves doing to others what we would like them to do to us.

F

The Gestalt therapist typically uses diagnosis and interpretation as a basic part of the therapeutic process.

F

The existential vacuum represents a place of reflection and solace.

F

The person-centered approach is not particularly well-suited to multi-cultural counseling.

F

Therapists are encouraged to use positive regard for clients only as a means of shaping their behavior.

F

Which of the statements below regarding Motivational Interviewing is not accurate?

MI was developed by Maslow in the late 70s after he created his theory on self-actualization.

Carl Rogers encouraged counselors to use caring confrontations with their clients.

T

Carl Rogers's approach is based on the assumptions that humans are trustworthy and that clients desire to grow.

T

Carl Rogers's original emphasis was on reflection of feelings expressed by the client.

T

During the initial phase of counseling, existentially oriented therapists assist clients in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world.

T

Existential anxiety is seen as a function of our acceptance of our aloneness.

T

Existential therapists strive to be their authentic selves when working with clients.

T

Existential therapy grew out of a reaction to the limitations of both the psychoanalytic and deterministic stance.

T

Existential therapy is rooted in the premise that humans cannot escape from freedom and responsibility.

T

Gestalt therapy makes use of a wide variety of techniques that are designed to increase the client's awareness of his or her present experiencing.

T

In the existential framework, inaction is a choice.

T

Most of the Gestalt techniques are designed to intensify one's experiencing.

T

Since Gestalt therapists believe that questions have a tendency to keep the questioner hidden, safe, and unknown, they often ask clients to change their questions into statements.

T

The person-centered approach evolved from a nondirective therapy to an experiential therapy.

T

The person-centered approach places emphasis on the necessary and sufficient conditions for change.

T

This approach puts emphasis on the therapist as a person and the quality of the client/therapist relationship as one of the prime factors in determining the outcomes of therapy.

T

Which of the following is not a key concept of the person-centered approach?

The focus is on exploration of a client's past.

Expanding awareness is:

a basic goal of existential therapy.

In Gestalt theory, the experiment is considered:

a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client's unique needs.

All of the following are life tasks that Adler taught we must successfully master except for:

achieving self-actualization

The person-centered view of human nature:

affirms a person's capacity to direct his or her own life

The person-centered view of human nature:

affirms a person's capacity to direct his or her own life.

Existential therapy is best considered as:

an approach to understanding humans.

All of the following are stages in Adlerian counseling except:

analysis of resistance.

The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is:

attaining awareness, and with it greater choice.

Carl Rogers's position on confronting the client is that:

caring confrontations can be beneficial.

Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?

confluence.

According to Carl Rogers, the three core conditions that create a growth-promoting climate are:

congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding.

In order for a therapist to communicate "accurate empathic understanding" the counselor must:

connect emotionally to the client's subjective experience.

Finding the "courage to be" involves:

developing a will to move forward despite fears.

Field theory suggests that:

everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux.

Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt group leader's roles?

evoking group catharsis.

Adlerian therapy has a phenomenological orientation. Thus, the therapist attempts to view the world:

from the client's frame of reference.

According to the existential viewpoint, death:

gives significance to living.

The goals of existential therapy include all but_________?

helping clients to eliminate anxiety in their lives.

Person-centered therapy is a(n):

humanistic approach to therapy.

Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings:

is healthy if balanced with aloneness.

According to Natalie Rogers, external conditions that nurture creativity include all of the following except:

negative reinforcement.

The Gestalt therapist:

pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.

Carlos, an eight year old boy, was recently removed from his home because he was being physically and sexually abused by his father. In accordance with Maslow's framework, which needs took precedence?

physical and safety needs

The ______________________that recently has come into prominence shares many concepts on the healthy side of human existence with the humanistic approach.

positive psychology movement

A healthy contact experience involves all of the following except

projection.

Being alone is a process by which we do all of the following except:

reject the social overtures of others.

Person-centered expressive arts therapy is founded all of the following notions except:

releasing creative energy is based on the principle of regression.

A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in:

retroflection.

Which of the following aspects of a client's use of language would a Gestalt therapist not focus on?

semantics

Which of the following is not considered a basic dimension of the human condition?

striving for acceptance of others

When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog), which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

the internal dialogue exercise

What is the most important factor related to progress in person-centered therapy?

the relationship between the client and therapist

The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests:

we change through becoming aware of who we currently are.