EXAM 2 ENGR

Respect for Persons --- According to Kant's theory of Respect for Persons, one or more of the following apply when solving moral and ethical problems. (Select the best answer(s). Incorrect answers result in negative partial credit) A. Any solutions that cannot be at once universalized and rationally accepted are to be discarded. B. A decision maker should only make those choices that would be acceptable for everyone to make. C. It is permissible for the decision maker to be excluded from the consequences of the choices made. D. According to Kant, the consequences of an action must always be considered when making a choice.

A B

Intuition: --- One can be more confident in the use of intuition in resolving an ethical dilemma if one or more of the following conditions are met. Select the best answer(s). (Incorrect answers result in negative partial credit) A. A person is not emotionally invested in a particular outcome B. The ethical issue is simple rather than complex. C. If one intuitive judgment does not conflict with another intuitive judgment. D. Other ethical theories do not apply.

A B C

Baker Article--- According to Prof. Bill Baker, it is a fact that technological changes will occur. When technological changes occur the questions become (Multiple answers. Incorrect answers result in negative credit.) A. Whether, with technological changes, risks can be controlled and safety reasonably assured? B. If risk and safety are to be controlled, how and by whom? C. Whether engineers, individually and as a group, have roles to play in the controlling process? D. Whether laws would be passed to protect ethical engineers since the ethical practice of engineering has come to be so highly regarded as a means of protecting the public?

A B C D

Communication:--- Dr. Fontenot argues that engineering communication deals with: (Multiple answers. Incorrect answers result in negative partial credit) A. Performing tasks B. Answering questions C. Making decisions D. Persuasion E. Organizing decision documents for easy storage and retreival F. Mining social media sites for competitive information

A B C D

Respect for Persons --- Which of the following statements are consistent with the Principle of Humanity? (Incorrect answers result in negative partial credit) A. It is not enough to take for granted that people are worthy of fundamental consideration. B. According to Kant, people are worthy of respect because they are rational and autonomous beings who choose their own ends in life C. In contrast to Utilitarianism, which maximizes the most good for the most people, even if some persons suffer negative consequences, Respect for Persons implies that it is not permissible to treat one or a few individuals as a mere means to an end. D. Under the theory of Respect for Persons, the inviolable status of the individual leads to restrictions on the ethical choices others may make. E. Kant's theory of Respect for Persons could never be extended to sentient animals.

A B C D

Virtue Ethics --- Practical wisdom requires that one perform the right action: (Incorrect answers result in negative partial credit.) A. at the right time B. for the right duration C. at the right intensity D. towards the right people

A B C D

Communication--- The Rule of 7 states the following about PowerPoint Presentations: (Multiple answers. Incorrect answers result in negative partial credit) A. No more than 7 words across B. No more than 7 lines down C. No more than 7 slides total per presentation D. No more than 7 minutes of discussion per slide

A, B

The guiding principle for utilitarianism implies one or more of the following. (Select the best answer(s). Incorrect answers result in negative partial credit) A. That utilitarians are focused on consequences of actions taken. B. An action is right only if it promotes the most overall good and is wrong if it fails to do so. C. An action is right if and only if it promotes the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for the greatest number of individuals. D. That one is morally obligated to act on the principle of utility. E. That the principle of utility is impartial in the sense that the decision maker is not accorded any more consideration than other similarly situated individuals.

A, B, C, D, E

The guiding principle for utilitarianism implies which of the following? (This question is graded on an all or nothing basis.) a. That utilitarians are focused on consequences. b. An action is right if and only if it promotes the most overall good and is wrong if it fails to do so. c. An action is right if and only if it promotes the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for the greatest number of individuals .d. That one is morally obligated to act on the principle of utility. e. That the principle of utility allows the decision maker more consideration than other similarly situated individuals

A, B, D

Dr. Fontenot states the following about PowerPoint presentations. (Multiple answers, incorrect answers result in negative partial credit) Selected Answers: Answers: A. It is over used. B. There should be 10 or more bullet points per slide C. Powerpoint should not be used as a substitute for "3X5" card presentation notes D. Powerpoint should maximize the use animations. E. Powerpoint presentations should never be given to an audience in printed form for note taking

A, C

What does the term "air gap" mean when discussing computer system security?

An "air gap" is a network security measure employed on one or more computers to ensure that a secure computer network is physically isolated from unsecured networks, such as the public Internet or an unsecured local area network.

Utilitarianism --- One of the most important concepts in utilitrianism is A. that right, wrong, good and bad are terms that can be used interchangeably. B. determining what is meant by the term "good". C. that the concept of "good" defines a means to an end, not an end it in self. D. that the concept of "good" defines something that is instrumentally valuable.

B

Utilitarianism --- Pluralistic utilitarians argue that (select the best answer)... A. acts that promote one intrinsic good will never negate another intrinsic good. B. there is more than one category of intrinsic good. C. things like knowledge, friendship, and accomplishment are only valued in virtue of their connection to pleasure. D. intrinsic goods are easily determined. E. all of these are part of pluralistic utilitarianism F. none of these are part of pluralistic utilitarianism.

B

Baker Article --- In his article, "Engineering Ethics: Applications and Responsibilities", Prof. Bill Baker argues that the goals of those teaching courses in ethics are: (Multiple answers, incorrect answers result in negative partial credit) A. To provide hard and fast "yes" and "no" answers. B. To generate awareness of ethical concerns and dilemmas C. To disarm prejudices D. To bring about more value laden professional behavior

B C D

Based on Dr. Fontenot's presentation, select only the statements below which are correct. Correct answers receive 100% positive partial credit. Incorrect answers receive 50% negative partial credit. The score is the sum of partial credits but not less than zero. a. Communication requires that your audience must agree with you. b. Written engineering communication is frequently task oriented. c. Forming mental models about your audience increases the noise in communication. d. PowerPoint presentations are rarely over used or misused. e. The Rule of 7 in PowerPoint presentations refers to the maximum recommended number of images on a slide

B, C

The U.S. National Science Foundation defines three types of research misconduct: Check the correct answers. Partial credit will be given for correct answers. Negative partial credit will be given for incorrect answers. The total score will not be less than zero. A. Publishing research in open scientific journals. B. Appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit. C. Exaggerating professional accomplishments on one's vitae and resume D. Making up results and recording or reporting them E. Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record.

B, D, E

What are Botnets?

Botnets are the millions of computer systems infected with malware under hacker control in order to carry out DDoS attacks via the internet.

Virtue Ethics --- According to Aristotle, a virtue is: (choose the best answer). A. a behavior that is commonly accepted by society B. established through simply thinking good thoughts C. choosing the mean between two extremes; excess and deficiency.

C

With reference to the NSPE Code of Ethics, which one of the following statements is true regarding the ethical obligations of the engineers involved in the VW Emissions Cheating Scandal. a. The VW engineers involved conducted themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession. b. As faithful agents and trustees of Volkswagen the engineers involved could not ethically report the emissions cheating violations to public authorities. c. The VW engineers involved were ethically obligated to hold paramount the health, welfare and safety of the public even if their supervisors directed them to implement software and hardware that enabled cheating on the emissions testing software. d. The VW engineers involved were not ethically obligated to report to their supervisors and to upper management the emissions cheating violations being implemented in the control system hardware and software.

C

Respect for Persons --- Kant's theory of Respect for Persons has been viewed as problematic due to consequences of applying the basic theory because of the following: (Incorrect answers result in negative partial credit) A. It places greater emphasis on some duties than others. B. There are situations in which producing the best state of affairs may not be the morally correct choice. C. It completely disregards the consequences of an action. D. That persons are worthy of respect by virtue of having a soul which depends on specific beliefs that are not universally shared.

C D

Failing to bring original thought into the text of an article is considered plagiarism.

Correct

Providing proper citations, but failing to change the structure and wording of the borrowed ideas is considered plagiarism.

Correct

The Fair Use exception under copyright law of the United States does not remove the requirement to provide proper citation of the source.

Correct

The copyright law of the United States protects the "expression" of an idea but not the "idea" itself.

Correct

Under the copyright law of the United States, exclusive copyrights normally expire 70 years after the author's death.

Correct

Using quotations, but not citing the source is considered plagiarism.

Correct

Works placed in the public domain are free for anyone to copy and use. The term "public domain" means that the work is not covered by any intellectual property rights at all (copyright, trademark, patent, or otherwise).

Correct

Baker Article --- [x1], [x2], and [x3] analysis are critical areas in engineering concerns for safety according to Dr. Baker.

Cost(s), benefit(s), risk(s)

A federal magistrate supports the position that the 1789 All Writs Act can be used to force Apple to carry out search warrants.

False

A thorough review of Volkswagen's internal documents support the position that Martin Winterkorn, Volkswagen's chief executive was not aware of any possible emissions cheating by the company.

False

At present there are only two cheating websites that specialize in taking entire on line courses for students.

False

Baker Article --- Prof. Bill Baker states that the primary function of analytical philosophy is to identify positive and negative outcomes for all stakeholders resulting from ethical decisions made by practicing professionals.

False

Communication --- According to Dr. Fontenot, engineers only need to focus on written communication.

False

Communication --- Dr. Fontenot argues that communication skills are an advantage but not essential to professional advancement.

False

Communication --- Dr. Fontenot argues that eye contact is helpful but not essential to effective communication

False

Companies who write papers for students are not concerned about removing meta data to cover their tracks.

False

Diederik Stapel, a Dutch social psychologist, was cleared of allegations of academic fraud that asserted he had made up his research studies.

False

In research studies, very few college students say they have cheated on an assignment. Fewer than 10% of students say they are willing to purchase cheating services.

False

Intuition --- Philosopher and writer David Sosa maintains that intuitions should be treated as unreliable under any and all conditions. Intuitive judgments are intrinsically more flawed than introspective judgments or perceptive judgments. (T or F)

False

It would be ethical for Apple engineers to build an operating system with a secret backdoor that would allow government agencies and others to bypass privacy and security features of smartphones, tablets and computers.

False

Ransomware Attacks --- A ransomware attack is a defined as a "man in the middle" hacking attack.

False

Ransomware Attacks --- Even though they are disruptive, to date ransomware attacks have not harmed any patients of healthcare systems.

False

Ransomware Attacks --- Individual accountability for dealing with reasonably foreseeably negative impacts of software is reduced when more people become involved in designing, developing, or deploying a computing application.

False

Ransomware Attacks --- It is easy to prosecute ransomware hackers when they are identified and caught.

False

Ransomware Attacks --- People who knowingly design, develop, deploy, or use a computing application can do so ethically without considering the potential to enable bad actors given the sociotechnical systems in which that computing application is embedded.

False

Ransomware Attacks --- The staff who use and operate computer systems should not be held ethically and morally accountable for implementing best security practices.

False

Respect for Persons --- According to Kant, the obligation to help others trumps the obligation to avoid harming others. (T or F)

False

The VW engineers having knowledge of the software installed to cheat on emissions tests were not ethically obligated to bring this to the attention of their supervisors nor to inform outside authorities if the issue was not corrected.

False

Utilitarianism --- Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill both claimed that pleasure is not an intrinsic good. (T or F)

False

Virtues precede the Principle of Utility in Utilitarianism.

False

While there's no denying that research fraud is alive and well in today's universities, a recent survey from the British Medical Journal indicates that only one in twenty UK scientists surveyed indicated they had witnessed research fraud.

False

With Apple's consent it would be ethical for Apple engineers to reveal software security source code to third parties even if this endangered the health, welfare and safety of the public.

False

Intuition --- Intuitions as discussed in this course are presented as an ethical theory on a level equal to Utilitarianism, Respect for Persons and Virtue Ethics. (T or F)

False Intuitions are not an ethical theory since they do not provide answers to three basic questions (1) What is the a supreme principle of morality? (2) How to solve moral problems? and (3) What kind of persons should we be?

Codes of Ethics --- Engineers are not ethically or legally obligated to follow the provisions of state or federal law when such actions could endanger or compromise their employer's or clients' financial interests.

False: Engineers are ethically obligated to conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession.

Engineers may ethically accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project, including signing and sealing each technical segment of the plans and documents regardless of their technical competence in the specific fields involved.

False: Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project, provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment.

Codes of Ethics --- Engineers are ethically obligated to acknowledge their errors only after consulting with their employers or clients and only if their clients and employers give their approval.

False: Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the facts.

It is ethical for engineers to review, sign and place their engineering seals on engineering documents that are not in conformity with applicable standards.

False: Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standards.

Codes of Ethics --- It is ethical for engineers to falsify their qualifications or permit written misrepresentation of their or their associate's qualifications in seeking to win contract awards or other work.

False: Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts. Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates' qualifications. They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees, associates, joint ventures, or past accomplishments.

Codes of Ethics --- Engineers are ethically obligated to be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements or testimony, but only to the extent that they do not harm the financial interests of their clients or employers.

False: Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements, or testimony, which should bear the date indicating when it was current.

It is ethical for engineers to issue subjective, partial or biased statements leaving out relevant facts as long as such statements are in writing and serve to protect the financial interests of their clients of employers.

False: Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements, or testimony, which should bear the date indicating when it was current.

Codes of Ethics --- It is ethical for engineers to sign and seal engineering plans or documents for which they lack competence if they have a good faith belief that such plans or documents were competently prepared by another qualified engineer.

False: Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence, nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and control.

Codes of Ethics --- Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of the code of ethics are allowed a grace period of 30 days during which the violation must be corrected. After the expiration of the 30 day grace period, engineers are ethically obligated to report the violation to appropriate professional bodies, public authorities and to cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required.

False: Engineers shall not aid or abet the unlawful practice of engineering by a person or firm.

Codes of Ethics --- It is ethical for engineers or their employers to make political donations to influence the award of a contract by a public authority, or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect or intent of influencing the award of a public contract as long as the donations are legal under election laws.

False: Engineers shall not offer, give, solicit, or receive, either directly or indirectly, any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority, or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect or intent of influencing the awarding of a contract.

If a work is made "for hire" within the meaning of the copyright act of the United States the author will continue to own the copyright.

Incorrect

Plagiarism only involves submitting someone else's work as your own work.

Incorrect

The assertion that something is Common Knowledge is a sufficient reason not to cite another's work if you are using their work.

Incorrect

The copyright law of the United States protects the names of businesses, organizations and groups

Incorrect

Your are permitted to take passages from your own published work without providing proper reference citations for that work. This is not considered plagiarism.

Incorrect

This question requires critical thinking. Read each question carefully. Based on Dr. Fontenot's and Dr. Marcy's presentation on copyright and plagiarism, match the statements below with the correct answers. Answers may be used more than once. Correct answers receive 100% positive partial credit. Incorrect answers receive 50% negative partial credit. Unanswered questions result in negative partial credit. The score is the sum of partial credits but not less than zero. Plagiarism is submitting someone else's work as your own work. This statement is true. Taking passages from your own published work without providing proper reference citations for that work is considered plagiarism. This statement is true. Using quotations, but not citing the source is considered plagiarism. This statement is true. Providing proper citations, but failing to change the structure and wording of the borrowed ideas is considered plagiarism. This statement is true. Failing to bring original thought into the text of an article is considered plagiarism. This statement is true. Under the copyright law of the United States, exclusive copyrights expire upon the author's death. This statement is false. The copyright law of the United States protects not only the "expression" of an idea but also the "idea" itself. This statement is false. If a work is made "for hire" within the meaning of the copyright act of the United States, then the employer or commissioning party, is deemed to be the author and will own the copyright as though it was the true author. This statement is true. The copyright law of the United States protects the names of businesses, organizations and groups This statement is false. Works placed in the public domain are free for anyone to copy and use. The term "public domain" means that the work is not covered by any intellectual property rights at all (copyright, trademark, patent, or otherwise). This statement is true. The Fair Use exception under copyright law of the United States removes the requirement to provide proper citation of the source. This statement is false. Common Knowledge does not always need to be cited, but the assertion that something is Common Kowledge is an insufficient reason not to cite another's work if you are using their work. This statement is true.

Refer to question.

This question requires you to think critically about the implications of the NSPE Code of Ethics. Using the NSPE Code of Ethics and Rules of Practice as the basis, match each statement below with the correct answer, true or false. Answers may be used more than once. Correct answers result in positive partial credit. Incorrect answers result in 50% negative partial credit. Unanswered questions result in negative partial credit. The score is the sum of positive and negative partial credits but not less than zero. Since engineers are ethically obligated to act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees they are expected to conceal unethical or illegal acts of their clients or employers from the public and outside authorities. This statement is false. It is unethical for engineers to solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration, directly or indirectly, from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsible. This statement is true. It is ethical for engineers to exaggerate their qualifications and their associates' qualifications if the purpose is to gain a competitive advantage in winning contract awards. This statement is false. It is unethical for engineers and/or their employers to make donations to political candidates to influence future consideration for contract awards by public authorities even if the donations are legal under election laws. This statement is true. It is ethical for engineers to make statements containing a material misrepresentation of facts or omitting material facts to protect the financial interests of their clients or employers. This statement is false. Engineers are ethically obligated not to disclose, without consent, confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of their clients or employers. The consequence is that engineers are expected to conceal unethical or illegal acts of their clients or employers from the public and regulatory agencies. This statement is false. It is unethical for engineers to accept compensation, financial or otherwise, from more than one party for services on the same project, or for services pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties. This statement is true. It is ethical for engineers to undertake assignments in any field provided they are qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved. This statement is true. It is ethical for engineers to accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project, provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed by qualified engineers who prepared the segment. This statement is true. It is unethical for engineers to admit design errors if by doing so this would harm the financial interests of their clients or employers. This statement is false.

Refer to question.

Communication --- Dr. Fontenot highlights a quote from an article written by Sherri Sheppard. This quote states that "Students will see the importance of [x1], [x2], and ability to lead and persuade."

Specified Answer for: x1 communication Specified Answer for: x2 teamwork

A former NSA contractor, who pleaded guilty to leaking a classified report on Russian hacking of the 2016 U.S. presidential election to an online news outlet last year, has been sentenced to five years and three months in prison.

True

A magistrate judge in Brooklyn ruled that the government couldn't force Apple to help break into an iPhone and questioned the government's legal rationale using an 1789 law called the All Writs Act.

True

Amit Yoran, president of the Massachusetts-based security firm RSA, told the panel that "creating a 'back door' into all encryption for law enforcement means creating opportunity for a much broader set of people with nefarious intentions to harm us."

True

And every month, hundreds of students put assignments up for bid on Freelancer.com and Upwork. The going rate for a major assignment is in the range of $600-$750 to get professionals to do the work.

True

At Penn State, professor Craig Grimes has been accused of defrauding the National Institutes of Health and Advanced Research Projects Agency of federal grant monies, to the tune of $3 million. Grimes requested grants to study the measurement of gases in a patient's blood, but the money was not spent for this research. Instead, clinical trials were never performed, and the grant funds were misappropriated, largely for the personal use of Grimes. Grimes has been charged with making false statements, money laundering, and fraud. He faces up to 35 years in prison and a fine of $750,000.

True

At Syracuse University the NCAA found that academic work submitted wasn't done by Syracuse players. As part of the investigation, Syracuse used metadata analysis and found that "the 'Author' and 'Last edited by author' field was attributed to someone other than the student-athlete.

True

Baker Article --- According to Prof. Bill Baker, public interest in the ethics of professional practice is measured chiefly in terms of quantifiable societal impacts. (T or F)

True

Baker Article --- According to Prof. Bill Baker, the freedom of practicing professionals to make ethical decisions may not be worth much.unless they use a patterned approach.

True

Baker Article --- Prof. Bill Baker states that 'values' and 'facts' are inseparable and we must avoid the hazard of assuming that better science could perfectly answer the question: "How safe is safe enough?" (T or F)

True

Baker Article --- Professionalism entails not only responsibilities, but rights as well, according to Prof. Bill Baker. (T or F)

True

Communication --- According to Dr. Fontenot, learning about communication helps prepare students for the professional part of engineering.

True

Communication --- According to Dr. Fontenot, oral and written communication is an essential part of the profession of engineering.

True

Communication --- Dr. Fontenot argues that forming mental models about a person or situation leads to a type of "noise" that interferes with effective communication.

True

Communication --- Dr. Fontenot states that communication is moving thoughts, ideas, feelings, emotions, concepts from your head to someone else's head.

True

Dr. Anil Potti resigned from his job at Duke University amid questions of research fraud. It was discovered that Potti exaggerated his credentials, claiming incorrectly that he was a Rhodes scholar. The American Cancer Society suspended hundreds of thousands of grant dollars that were to be used for Potti's work. Nine of Potti's papers on individualized treatments for cancer have been retracted.

True

FBI Director James Comey stated that the tension between privacy and should not be resolved by corporations that sell stuff for a living.

True

For Bengü Sezen at Columbia University, over the course of a decade, conducted a massive and sustained effort to manipulate and falsify research data. She even created fictitious people and organizations to back up her data and results. Sezen was found guilty of 21 counts of research misconduct, with at least nine papers found to be falsified, fabricated, plagiarized, or unable to be replicated.

True

Given the scope of the problems and cheating exposed in the VW emissions cheating scandal, there's reason to believe the scandal will spread to gasoline engines and carbon dioxide emissions, which are considered a prime cause of climate change.

True

If financial analysis shows dollar benefits will exceed dollar costs, projects are presented as desirable, when "real" costs, even if unquantifiable, may exceed "real" benefits. This amounts to misleading the public, intentionally or otherwise.

True

In 2006, Korean researcher Hwang Woo-suk was found to have fabricated a series of experiments in stem cell research. He was previously famous for his two Science journal articles in which he reported success in creating human embryonic stem cells through cloning, but is now infamous for his massive case of fraud and scientific misconduct after it was revealed that much of his stem cell research had been faked.

True

Intuition --- The criticisms mentioned in the article and lecture are intended to introduce doubt about the reliability of intuitions instead of proving that they are always flawed. (T or F)

True

Intuition --- When we examine the reliability of intuitions, we do so by looking at our reasoning processes. (T or F)

True

Intuition --- Intuition is defined as an insight that just seems to be true or correct. Intuition is not the result of perception, introspection or explicit inference. (T or F)

True

It is likely that students who cheat in academics are more likely to cheat in the business world. Since academic research indicates that academic dishonesty is on the rise this would seem to create an increasingly corrupt society.

True

It is now possible for students to buy their entire on-line degree by hiring cheating companies to take their courses even students attending highly reputable universities.

True

More than 20,000 academic writers in Kenya perform work for students in the United States and Britain.

True

One theory about the root cause of the VW emissions cheating scandal is the VW engineering organization evolved its technologies in a way that subtly and stealthily, even organically, subverted the rules.

True

Ransomware Attacks --- Imminent Monitor RAT is a hacking tool that allows cyber criminals to gain complete control over a victim's computer remotely.

True

Ransomware Attacks --- It is thought that the data contained within an air-gapped computer system is very safe from hacking.

True

Ransomware Attacks --- Paying ransoms in ransomware attacks encourages additional ransomware attacks.

True

Ransomware Attacks --- Ransomware attacks on healthcare systems can be treated as a natural disaster including the possibility that multiple hospitals and outpatient centers could be simultaneously impacted as might be the case during a flood, hurricane or earthquake.

True

Ransomware Attacks --- Ransomware, like all viruses, has a distinctive "fingerprint" that can be discovered by computer forensic analysis of the operating system and applications.

True

Ransomware Attacks --- The healthcare industry whose computer systems are connected to the outside world via the internet are irresponsible for not heeding the FBI's repeated warnings about their computer security weaknesses.

True

Ransomware Attacks --- When hackers who design, develop or deploy ransomware get caught, they must be held accountable and face punishment.

True

Ransomware Attacks --- When ransomware attackers demand payment in Bitcoins they are doing so to receive ransom payments untraceable to them and to remain hidden from law enforcement agencies.

True

Respect for Persons --- According to Immanuel Kant's theory, human beings are special and must be treated with a basic level of respect. Human beings ought not to be used for this or that purpose and be discarded afterward. (T or F)

True

Some US lawmakers are working on legislation that would allow federal judges to order tech companies to help law enforcement access encrypted data.

True

The FBI sees the issue with Apple as a privacy vs. security debate while the tech community sees it as a security vs. surveillance debate.

True

The US EPA was not the agency that detected the VW emissions cheating scandal. It was the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) executive director, Drew Kodjak lead the commission to conduct their own field tests of VW's fleet of diesel cars.

True

The VW engineers assigned to the project to design and implement the automotive systems and software involved in the VW emissions cheating scandal were ethically obligated not to participate in this project and to inform outside authorities even though they were employed by VW. True or False? Response Feedback: NSPE Professional Obligations: Engineers shall not complete, sign, or seal plans and/or specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards. If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct, they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the project.

True

The consequences of exposing scientific misconduct can be very damaging for the individual who exposes it.

True

There has been not a single case that the FBI can demonstrate that if the FBI had a back door to a smartphone they could have stopped any terrorist attack anywhere.

True

Utilitarianism --- Act utilitarians permit lying in a situation if doing so will promote the best consequences. (T or F)

True

Utilitarianism --- In spite of the problems that arise in the application of one or more forms of utilitarianism, a focus on consequences helps in determining the rightness or wrongness of actions. (T or F)

True

Utilitarianism ---Hedonistic utilitarianism allows for qualitative differences in pleasure.

True

VW was plunged into its deepest-ever crisis ever when it came to light that the carmaker had installed emissions cheating software into 11 million diesel engines worldwide.

True

Virtue Ethics --- Virtue ethics addresses the issue of right or wrong from the perspective of being the right kind of person; cultivating desirable traits such as honesty, courage and compassion. (T or F)

True

Virtue Ethics --- According to Aristotle, self-control (continence) is praiseworthy but not virtuous. (T or F)

True

Volkswagen has admitted that the emissions cheating began almost a decade earlier after engineers and managers realized that a new generation of diesel motors could not meet United States air quality standards legally.

True

Volkswagen of America C.E.O. Michael Horn told a House subcommittee investigating his company's ongoing emissions scandal that it wasn't a corporate decision to cheat on emissions tests by installing "defeat" software in eleven million diesel cars. Instead, Horn said, it was "a couple of software engineers.

True

William Josephson, a former assistant attorney general in New York who has investigated fraud, says companies that assume false identities violate federal laws governing interstate commerce.

True

Without strong encryption individuals, companies, institutions and government agencies are subject to massive data breaches and cybertheft.

True

Codes of Ethics --- It is unethical for engineers to participate in any matter involving an undisclosed conflict of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their services.

True: Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their services.

Codes of Ethics --- If an engineer's professional judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger the safety, health and welfare of the public, they are ethically obligated to immediately notify their employers, clients and such public authorities as may be appropriate.

True: Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. If engineers' judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property, they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriate.

Codes of Ethics --- It is ethical for engineers to issue statements, criticisms or arguments on technical matters in which they are competent that are inspired or paid for by interested parties, provided they have prefaced their comments by explicitly disclosing all interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking.

True: Engineers shall issue no statements, criticisms, or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties, unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking, and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters.

Codes of Ethics --- It is ethical for engineers to accept compensation, financial or otherwise, from more than one party for services on the same project, or for services pertaining to the same project, provided the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties.

True: Engineers shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise, from more than one party for services on the same project, or for services pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties.

It is unethical for engineers to solicit or to accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member.

True: Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member.

It is ethical for engineers to undertake assignments in any field if have qualifications by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved.

True: Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved.

Virtue Ethics --- (spelling counts) Eudaimonia can be translated as: happiness, [x1] or well-being

flourishing

Baker Article --- In his article, Prof. Bill Baker points out that engineering responsibility must be [x1] [x2] and not only deal with "can we do it" but also [x3] we do it...

forward, looking, ought

The ethical systems of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are referred to as___________ utilitarianism.

hedonistic