Exam 2.. MLT 122

if 200 ul of patient serum is add to 400 ul of diluent what is the dilution

1:3

if a serial dilution is prepared in 1:2 dilutions, the final dilution in tube 6 is

1:64

complement activation plays a key role in the pathology of which type of hypersensitivity

2 and 3

to determine a cold agglutinin titer, patient serum should be separated from whole blood at _____ degrees celsius and test at ___ degrees celsius

37;4

blood types in the ABO blood system include

A,B,AB,O

commercial antisera is used for detection of

ABO antigens

tumor marker for ovarian cancer

CA-125

tumor marker for colorectal cancer

CEA

which of the following assays would you recommend to test for chromosomal rearrangements such as the BCR/ABL translocation seen in CML

FISH

Graft vs. Host disease may occur from a mismatch of

HLA

which of the following antigens is classified as a MHC class 2 antigen

HLA(Dr, DP, DQ)

which cell functions in surveillance of tumor and malignant cells

NK cells

Coombs control cells or cheek cells are

O positive cells with coating of Anti-D

tumor marker for prostate cancer

PSA

which of the following is a description of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Ragweed antigen cross links with IgE on the surface of mast cells, causing release of preformed mediators and resulting in symptoms of an allergic reaction

to determine the chemical characteristics of sodium azide, an employee would consult the

SDS

which of the following best describes competitive binding assays

a limited number of binding sites are present

A serological reaction is set up in which the antigen is bound to a large carrier, the antibody is soluble, and the antigen and carrier bind and form an insoluble complex that is detected macroscopically. What type of assay is described?

agglutination

precipitation is the term applied to

aggregation of soluble test antigens

a young women developed red itchy papule on her wrist 2 days after wearing a new bracelet. this reaction was caused by

an inflammatory response induced by cytokines released from Th1 cells

HLA-B27 is associated with which disease

ankylosing spondylitis

O blood's serum antibodies are

anti A and B

B blood's serum antibodies are

anti-A

A blood's serum antibodies are

anti-B

A direct antiglobulin test is performed with poly specific and anti-IgG antisera. The results are as follows polyspecifics: 3+ anti-IgG: negative the most likely substance coating the red cells is

anti-C3

Commercial red blood cells comprise the "known" component of which of the following tests

antibody screen antibody identification ABO reverse grouping

when performing forward typing are you testing for the ABO antigen or antibody in the patient's sample

antigen

is defined as using known sources of red cells with specific ABO antigens to detect antibodies in an individual's serum or plasma.

backward typing

What sort of tumor contains well-differentiated cells and grows slowly

benign

most tumor markers are not used to screen general population because they

can also be elevated in conditions other than cancer

your QC testing on your machine failed, what do you do next

check the expiration date of the control, then run QC again

indirect antiglobulin testing is used for

compatibility testing between recipient and donors

lattice formation is the

cross linking of sensitized particles and antibodies

a meniscus is the

curvature in the top surface of a liquid

Which of the following provides evidence of immune evasion by tumor cells

down regulation of MHC 1 molecules by tumor cells

autoimune hemolytic anemia targets the platelets

false

cross linking prevents charged particles suspended in saline from coming close together

false

serological pipettes are calibrated to the bottom of the pipette and do not have to be blown out to deliver the exam amount of liquid required

false

specificity means that patients with the specific disease of condition will product a positive result

false

the measurement of lights scattered at an angle by the antigen-antibody complexes in a solution is called turbidimetry

false

type 1 hypersensitivity reactions can be associated with

food allergies hay fever asthma

is defined as using known sources of reagent antisera (antibodies) to detect antigens on an individual's red cells

forward typing

A 45-year-old male presents to his physician complaining of achy joints, chronic runny nose, and coughing up blood. Chest x-ray shows pulmonary infiltrates. Cortisol is increased; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is slightly elevated. Tests for autoantibodies are positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. On the basis of these findings, a likely diagnosis for this patient is:

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Suppose a health care worker, who underwent a Mantoux skin test two days earlier, developed redness and swelling at the PPD injection site. This reaction indicates that the health care worker:

has been exposed to mycobaterium tb but does not necessarily have an active infection

A 40-year-old female patient has increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and decreased T4 levels with a normal T3 level. Antithyroglobulin is measured as 1:1280, and the antimicrosomal level is reportedly 1:6400. This patient most likely has:

hashimoto's throiditis

a disease characterized by hyperactivity of the thyroid with weight gain and a sluggish metablosism as a result of destruction fo thyroglobulin best describes

hashimoto's thyroiditis

when a patients red blood cells combine with anti A typing serum to produce a positive result, this reaction is know as

hemagglutination

precision

how close results are to one another when repeatedly analyzed

the most accelerated type of graft rejection is called

hyperacute rejection

post organ transplantation complications include

infections graft rejection GVHD

the most efficient method of preventing graft- versus- host disease is

irradiating the blood components pretransfusion

allograft

liver transplant from an organ donor

graft vs host rejection is caused by

lymphocytes of donor

what sort of tumor contains poorly differentiated cells and grows in an uncontrolled, invasive way

malignant

Tumor cells may evade the immune system by

masking their antigens shedding their antigens mutating their antigens

1+ agglutination grade

medium and small sized clumps

2+ agglutination grade

medium sized clumps

the spreading of a cancer to a secondary location in the body is called

metastasis

tumor marker for Plamsa B

monoclonal free ig light chains

if a type AB person receives blood from a type O donor, would you expect a transfusion reaction

no

negative agglutination grade

no agglutination

AB blood's serum antibodies are

none

How can normal cells become malignant

over expression of oncogenes under expression of tumor suppressor genes viral infection

a woman with breast cancer is treated with a monoclonal antibody to HER2. this is an example of

passive immunotherapy

which of the following statements is true about the ABO blood system

people who have the A antigen normally would not produce the A antibody

A 40-year-old woman presents with a lemon-yellow, waxy pallor and a red, beefy tongue. She is extremely fatigued and is having difficulty getting up in the morning and getting through the day. Antiparietal cell antibodies are found in her serum. This woman most likely has:

pernicious anemia

critical value reporting would be considered which case of testing

postanalytical

patient identification would be considered which phase of testing

preanalytical

A 33-year-old female presents with eyes that have been red and irritated for the past month. Discharge from the eyes is not apparent. She also has a recurrent low-grade fever and a rash on her chest and legs. Her joints have been achy for the past few months, and her mouth has been so dry it is often difficult to swallow food. Antinuclear antibody testing is performed, and a speckled pattern is observed on HEp-2 cells. Which follow-up test result would you expect for this patient?

presence of anti-SS-A or anti-SS-B

which of the following is an accurate descriptor of the Class 2 MHC molecule

protein present on the surface of B lymphocytes

4+ agglutination grade

red button, in one big clump

A 56-year-old woman presents to her physician complaining of weight gain and joint problems. She is increasingly having difficulty walking up stairs and manipulating her fingers. Fingers in both hands as well as knees on both legs are equally painful and stiff. The symptoms have been getting progressively worse over the past 6 months. Rheumatoid factor is elevated, and antinuclear antibodies are not detected. Complement levels in her joints are decreased. This woman most likely has:

rheumatoid arthritis

serum electrophoresis

separates serum proteins into 5 fractions uses cellulose acetate as the support medium

3+ agglutination grade

several large clumps

the first step of the preferred method of screening for allergies mediated with type 1 hypersensitivity is

subcutaneous skin testing

sensitivity

subjects with a specific disease produce a negative result

specificity

subjects without a specific disease produce a negative result

which is involved with delayed graft rejections

t cells

which of these is NOT correct regarding Graft vs. Host disease

the recipient's T cells destroy the donor's cells

A technologist has centrifuged a tube and wishes to observe the button for agglutination. This observation should be done by

tilting the tube and watching the button

autograft

transfer of a saphenous vein from the leg of a cardiac bypass patient to his heart

isograft

transplant between two identical twins

xenograft

transplant of a pig valve into a human heart

hyper acute graft rejection is mediated by pre formed alloantibodies

true

in GvHG, donor lymphocytes in the graft attack recipient tissues

true

in the rheumatoid factor test you are detecting IgM directed against IgG

true

precipitation is the visible aggregation of soluble test antigens

true

see foam, use foam

true

serial dilutions are used to determine the titer of an antibody in serum

true

when several dilutions are made in which the diluent factor is the same in each case this is called a serial dilution

true

anaphylactic reaction

type 1

anaphylaxis as a result of a bee sting is an example of which type of hypersensitivity

type 1

asthma is an example of ____ hypersensitivity

type 1

cytotoxic reaction

type 2

a hypersensitivity reaction characterized by the presence of IgG that reacts with soluble antigen best describes

type 3

immune complex reaction

type 3

cell mediated reaction

type 4

incompatible blood transfusion are examples of

typer 2 hypersensitivity

what is the last thing you should do in the lab before you leave

wash your hands

if a type O person receives blood from a type A donor, would you expect a transfusion reaction

yes