exam 2

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? a. IPV almost never happens, so it is difficult to locate and predict. b. IPV is not taken seriously by the court system. c. Most people do not know what IPV is. d. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.

d. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.

Communist regimes, which attempt to control all aspects of citizens' lives, are examples of which form of government: a. Oligarchy b. Constitutional monarchy c. Dictatorship d. Totalitarian dictatorship

d. Totalitarian dictatorship

In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate? a. Charismatic b. Dictatorial c. Legal-rational d. Traditional

d. Traditional

rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ___________. a. informal education b. manifest function c. transmission of moral education d. a latent function

d. a latent function

the concept hidden curriculum can be defined as: a. the course objectives teachers incorporate into their syllabi after the semester has started. b. the unexpected subjects students take an interest in after being exposed to experts in the field c. the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications d. a type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.

d. a type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.

the term sorting can be defined as a. the use of education to improve one's social standing. b. a formalized system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities c. the process by which students are allowed to choose their own classes based on interest d. classifying students based on academic merit or potential.

d. classifying students based on academic merit or potential.

One reason critics oppose globalization is that it: a. concentrates wealth in the poorest countries b. has positive impacts on world trade c. has negative impacts on political stability d. has negative impacts on the environment

d. has negative impacts on the environment

The median age of first marriage has ______ in the last fifty years. a. decreased for both men and women b. decreased for men but not women c. increased for men but not women d. increased for both men and women

d. increased for both men and women

which of the following is NOT a method used within the united states to produce educational equality? a. head start b. bussing c. charter schools d. mandatory tutoring

d. mandatory tutoring

what are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world? a. student interest b. teacher interest c. transportation d. resources and money

d. resources and money

Among the reasons socialism never developed into a political movement in the United States was that trade unions _________. a. broke up monopolies b. guaranteed health care c. diversified the workforce d. secured workers' rights

d. secured workers' rights

which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process? a. conflict theory b. functionalist theory c. feminist theory d. symbolic interactionalism

d. symbolic interactionalism

The term formal education is defined by the text as: a. an education that is accompanied by a tutor at all times b. learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society c. the education one receives at a private school, parochial school, or private college d. the learning of academic facts and concepts

d. the learning of academic facts and concepts

The majority of U.S. children live in: a. multigenerational households b. one-parent households c. no-parent households d. two-parent households

d. two-parent households

Same-sex couple households account for _____ percent of U.S. households. a. 1 b. 30 c. 10 d. 15

a. 1

The type of socialism now carried on by Russia is a form of ______ socialism. a. market b. utopian c. zero-sum d. centrally planned

a. market

What is the most important commodity in a postindustrial society? a. Money b. Information c. Electricity d. Computers

b. Information

Corporal Punishment is another way of saying: a. The death penalty b. Life in prison c. Spanking d. White Collar Crime

c. Spanking

In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? a. The birth of the last child. b. The first year of marriage. c. The birth of the first child. d. The engagement period.

c. The birth of the first child.

In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced? a. India b. Europe c. The Middle East d. China

d. China

Which of the following is NOT true of the sociological perspective on religion? a. Religion is a system of beliefs. b. Religion is a social institution. c. Religion is a cultural universal. d. Religion is a symbol of high culture.

d. Religion is a symbol of high culture.

functionalist theory sees education ad serving the needs of ___________. a. families b. the individual c. society d. all of the above

d. all of the above

When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as: A. Tracking B. Grade inflation C. Feminism D. Manifest function

A. Tracking

Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of: A. Grade inflation B. Cultural capital C. Tracking D. The education gap

B. Cultural capital

What do Christianity and Islam have in common? a. All of the above b. Both believe in an afterlife. c. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. c. Both believe in a single supreme god.

a. All of the above

Kendra believes the U.S. government to be corrupt, and thinks that there should be no governing force to control people's lives. Kendra believes in: a. Anarchy b. Oligarchies c. Democracy d. Constitutional monarchy

a. Anarchy

Which current world figure has the least amount of political power? a. British Queen Elizabeth II b. U.S. President Joe Biden c. North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un d. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson

a. British Queen Elizabeth II

Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a true democracy? a. Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy. b. Special-interest groups fund political campaigns. c. Ancient Greece was the only true democracy. d. Many politicians are corrupt.

a. Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy.

Which is not one of functionalism's four main purposes of government? a. Equally distributing resources b. Meeting social needs c. Planning and directing society d. Maintaining law and order

a. Equally distributing resources

What was the significance of the famous case Reynolds v. Sims? a. It reaffirmed the concept that each person's vote should be counted equally. b. It gave women the right to vote. c. It gave African Americans the right to vote. d. It established the precedent that felons are not allowed to vote.

a. It reaffirmed the concept that each person's vote should be counted equally.

Which of the following contributes lower percentage of voter turnout from those who come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds? a. Lower-paying jobs frequently have less flexible hours, making time to vote difficult. b. Members of lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to overestimate the voting practices of their peers. c. Many citizens from lower socioeconomic backgrounds cannot afford to vote. d.sites frequently discourage participation from those of lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

a. Lower-paying jobs frequently have less flexible hours, making time to vote difficult.

Alex's country was once communist, but now allows limited private ownership of companies, and lets market forces determine production and pricing decisions. What kinds of economy is Alex living in? a. Market Socialist b. Capitalist c. Democratic d. Market Communist

a. Market Socialist

Which nation is an absolute monarchy? a. Oman b. Denmark c. Great Britain d. Australia

a. Oman

Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: a. Quakers and Pentecostals b. the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family c. Scientology and the Hare Krishna d. the Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate

a. Quakers and Pentecostals

Terrence and his family own a farm in a remote region of Chile. They farm only enough to produce enough food to feed the family, and pay their taxes. What are Terrence and his family engaging in? a. Subsistence Farming b. Mercantilism c. Capitalism d. Capitalistic Farming

a. Subsistence Farming

Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled "troubled," and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to "live down" to this expectation. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying Kara's experience? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Conflict theory c. Functionalism d. Feminist theory

a. Symbolic interactionism

Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Feminism c. Conflict theory d. Functionalism

a. Symbolic interactionism

During what time period did economies begin to develop globally? a. The Agricultural Revolution b. The Post-Industrial Revolution c. The Information Age d. The Industrial Revolution

a. The Agricultural Revolution

Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960's? a. There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce. b. Men were granted more freedom and often allowed to work from home which put more strain on their marital relationships, and which also coincided with women becoming more educated and more aware of their legal rights. c. The 1960's saw the birth of the zero-tolerance concept, which many men and women applied to their marriages, and which, many in society thought a great idea. d. Most people divorcing in the 1960's grew up during World War II and struggled to make the austerity of their childhood correlate with their more abundant and fruitful lifestyles in the 1960's.

a. There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce.

Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment? a. Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C., unemployment is high in Tennessee. b. Three sales associates from Target are fired after stealing merchandise from the electronics department. c. A large fire burns down an automotive plant in Detroit, forcing the employees temporarily out of work. d. \ John quits his job after getting accepted into law school.

a. Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C., unemployment is high in Tennessee.

The Protestant work ethic was viewed by Weber in terms of its relationship to: a. capitalism b. prejudice and discrimination c. determinism d. evolution and natural selection

a. capitalism

which of the following is not a manifest function of education? a. courtship b. social placement c. cultural innovation d. socialization

a. courtship

Sociologists tend to define family in terms of a. how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption b. the connection of bloodlines c. how closely members adhere to social norms d. the status roles that exist in a family structure

a. how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption

Which sociologist saw political conflict as the only means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged? a. Karl Marx b. Émile Durkheim c. C. Wright Mills d. G. William Domhoff

a. karl marx

Megachurches tend to have: a. large arenas where services are held b. high attendance for only a limited time c. a variety of male and female clergy d. numerous buildings in which to meet

a. large arenas where services are held

which court case set the precedent for access to education within the united states for students with disabilities? a. mills v board of education of the district of Columbia b. brown v the board of education c. citizens united v federal; election commission d. plessy v ferguson

a. mills v board of education of the district of Columbia

which sociologist studied how cultural capital helps an individual navigate their culture? a. pierrre bourdieu b. karl marx c. max weber d. emile durkheim

a. pierrre bourdieu

Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are: a. shared by Christianity and Islam b. referred to as the Apocrypha c. no longer part of the Torah d. oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text

a. shared by Christianity and Islam

which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education? a. social networks b. social control c. socialization d. social placement

a. social networks

allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called __________. a. social promotion b. affirmative action c. socialization d. social control

a. social promotion

How many pillars are essential to the Islamic faith? a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 3

b. 5

Which of the following best defines the term commodity? a. An activity that benefits people, such as health care, education, and entertainment. b. A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others. c. An economic system which adheres to the principles of socialism. d. A benefit given to those who participate in the capitalist market.

b. A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others.

Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority? a. Authority involves intimidation. b. Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power. c. Authority is more subtle than power. t. Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.

b. Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.

Davis is low on cash, but really wants an electric guitar. He offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for his friend Bill's electric guitar. Davis is engaging in: a. Supply and demand b. Bartering c. Mercantilism d. Capitalism

b. Bartering

Which sociological perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? a. Feminist perspective b. Conflict theory c. Functional d. Symbolic interactionist

b. Conflict theory

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture? a. Families are so isolated from society at large that they become tiny independent societies. b. Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family. c. Families almost never reinforce the values of the society in which they live, and thus can bring about change without much effort. d. Families tend to be apathetic towards culture whereas young unmarried people reinforce social rituals and ideologies.

b. Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.

Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader as a person? a. Traditional b. Legal-rational c. Dictatorial d. Charismatic

b. Legal-rational

What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage? a. Men and women who are married feel empowered to report abuse, thus the statistics we have on IPV between married couples are very accurate. b. Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating. c. Men and women who are married prefer to seek therapy and counseling for their problems rather than hitting, punching, or screaming. d. Men and women who are married experience considerably more abuse, than those who are cohabitating, or separated.

b. Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating.

Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects? a. Secular; religious b. Sacred; profane c. Ordinary; sanctified d. Unclean; holy

b. Sacred; profane

Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that: a. Sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family. b. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other. c. Sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family. d. Sociologist try to keep the definition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family.

b. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.

Many people are familiar with the yin-yang symbol. From which religion does this come? a. Jainism b. Taoism c. Baha'i d. Confucianism

b. Taoism

The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: a. here are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable b. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion c. the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations d. the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations

b. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion

to make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades a. gpa debt b. grade inflation c. academic bribing d. systematic grading

b. grade inflation

In general, children in ______ households benefit from divorce. a. multigenerational b. high-conflict c. stepfamily d. low-conflict

b. high-conflict

Couples who cohabitate before marriage are ______ couples who did not cohabitate before marriage to be married at least ten years. a. far more likely than b. slightly less likely than c. far less likely than d. equally as likely as

b. slightly less likely than

What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common? a. they spend more money per student b. they recruit top teachers c. they use cutting-edge technology in classrooms d. they are all in asia

b. they recruit top teachers

If someone does not earn enough money to pay for the essentials of life he or she is said to be _____ poor. a. essentially b.working c. absolutely d. really

c absolutely

Émile Durkheim described mechanical solidarity as: a, A form of social cohesion that arises out of the mutual interdependence created by the specialization of work b. A practice where jobs are contracted to an outside source, often in another country c. A form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies d. A form of socialism under which individuals and cooperative groups exchange products with one another on the basis of mutually satisfactory contracts

c. A form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies

On any given day, there is often a story about prayer in schools in the news. For decades people have disagreeing over the constitutionality of prayer in schools. This controversy is a great example of the tension between: a. ocial classes b. State law and Federal law c. Church and State d. Different religions

c. Church and State

Which of the following industries is not projected to experience growth within the United States within the next 10 years? a. Healthcare b. Financial c. Farming, Fishing, and Forestry d. Community and Social Service

c. Farming, Fishing, and Forestry

If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, what can be concluded from their study? a. Children are an important foundation for a successful marriage. b. Counseling is an important foundation for a successful marriage. c. Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage. d. Love is an important foundation for a successful marriage.

c. Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage.

Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? a. Feminist perspective b. Conflict perspective c. Functionalist perspective d. Symbolic interactionist perspective

c. Functionalist perspective

Which concept corresponds best to functionalism?\ a. Revolution b. Happiness c. Interdependence d. Symbolism

c. Interdependence

Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States? a. Shaken-baby syndrome b. Physical abuse c. Neglect d. Verbal mistreatment

c. Neglect

Which position describes Karl Marx's view of religion and society? a. Religion inspired the Proletariat to work harder while under the rule of the Bourgeoisie. b. Religion was the key to uniting the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. c. Religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class. d. Religion was something only the Bourgeoisie had time to contemplate.

c. Religion simply kept the Proletariat in their low social class.

In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and women to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in examining the lobbying movement? a. Exchange theory b. Feminist c. Symbolic interactionism d. Functionalism

c. Symbolic interactionism

You are interested in how ordinary objects become sacred. Which theoretical approach will help you most in analyzing the data you collect? a. Feminism b. Conflict theory c. Symbolic interactionism d. Structural functionalism

c. Symbolic interactionism

Which of the following best defines the term globalization? a. When products are assembled over the course of several international transactions. b.. Long periods of recession followed by sharp economic upturn worldwide. c. The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market. d. The process of removing manufacturing and industrial sites from foreign countries and returning them to the United States.

c. The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.

What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable? a. Those surveyed frequently lie about their employment status. b. The government only surveys those who have been out of work for a year or more. c. The statistics include only those who are currently looking for work. d. Different states define unemployment in different ways.

c. The statistics include only those who are currently looking for work.

When did the first economies begin to develop? a. When all the hunter-gatherers died b. When money was invented c. When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals d. When the first cities were built

c. When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals

According to the study cited by the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grow up with more advantages than children who live with: a. a divorced parent b. a single parent c. all of the above d. a grandparent

c. all of the above

Current divorce rates are: a. at an all-time low b. steadily increasing c. at an all-time high d. steadily declining

c. at an all-time high

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in an extremely hostile environment. He is an example of a(n) __________ leader. a. raditional b. legal-rational c. charismatic d. illegitimate

c. charismatic

which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuated social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race, and ethnicity a. symbolic interactionalism b. functionalism c. conflict theory d. none of the above

c. conflict theory

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: a. the protestant work ethic b. justice work c. liberation theology d. conflict management

c. liberation theology

In the past, Southern states discouraged African Americans from voting by requiring them to take a _____________________ test. a. blood b. lie detector c. literacy d. citizenship

c. literacy

plessy v ferguson set the precedent that _________________. a. students do not have a right to free speech in public schools b. separate schools for black and white students were unconstitutional c. racial segregation in schools was allowed d. students have a right to free speech in public schools

c. racial segregation in schools was allowed

Please define representative democracy: a. A form of government in which power is held by a small, elite group. b. A government of a nation that recognizes monarchs but requires these figures to abide by the laws of a greater constitution. c. A form of government in which a small percentage of the population is represented by popular election, and the rest of the population is represented by those whose office is dependent upon noble birth. d. A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests.

d. A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests.

The term xenophobia can best be defined as: a. A marketing campaign aimed at foreign countries selling American goods. b. A hatred of corporate America and the lobbying push. c. A pronounced fear of globalization destroying one's job. d. An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods.

d. An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods.

Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history? a. Male historians have refused to acknowledge the contributions of female leaders in their records. b. Women have different leadership styles than men. c. Women are not interested in leading at all. d. Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history.

d. Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history.

Who was the leading theorist on the development of socialism? a. Émile Durkheim b. Heidimarie Schwermer c. Adam Smith d. Karl Marx

d. Karl Marx

The U.S. Census Bureau keeps records of different statistics that pertain to families. For example, in 2010, there were three million children who did not live with their parents. 54% of these children were: a. Living with an aunt or uncle b. Living with foster parents c. Living with their older brother or sister d. Living with their grandparent(s)

d. Living with their grandparent(s)

Which president signed the Voting Rights Act? a. Franklin D. Roosevelt b. Barack Obama c.John F. Kennedy Jr. d. Lyndon Johnson

d. Lyndon Johnson

Which is one reason that sociologist cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties? a. Most people in the Millennial generation are caring for their aging parents and do not have time for long term, serious relationships. b. Most men spend at least a year traveling the world to get a better understanding of the world, and consequently, don't want to be tied down by a wife. c. Many women fear having children too early and, consequently, having to give up a good career. d. Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities.

d. Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities.

If you work with children, why is it important to be ever vigilant for any signs of child abuse? a. The child being abused may be made fun of by his or her peers, which may cause more emotional distress. b. The child being abused may need extra help with focusing, learning, and concentrating. c. Social Services will sue you if you miss any sign of child abuse. d. Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child.

d. Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child.

What name do Buddhists give to their four basic rules? a. Commandments b. Pathways to Meditation c. Communion d. Noble Truths

d. Noble Truths

Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of: a. Polarization b. Automation c. The technology gap d. Outsourcing

d. Outsourcing

By 2009, America had suffered several consecutive quarters of economic decline. America was in the midst of a: a. Capital rebuttal b. Depression c. Economic sling-shot recovery d. Recession

d. Recession

What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study? a. Religion was pushed out of society as countries began to industrialize. b. Religion was just a way for governments to justify and control their people. c. Religion was important to lower class people, but not very important to those in higher classes. d. Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers.

d. Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers.

How did Max Weber define power? a. The authority to imprison citizens without cause. b. Politically elected influence used to control the masses. c. The legal resources to prosecute and punish. d. The ability to exercise one's will over others

d. The ability to exercise one's will over others