Exam 3

Which of the following is true regarding adipose tissue? a. babies have less brown adipose tissue than adults --b. people with higher BMI's have higher amounts of brown adipose tissue c. Brown adipose tissue is more metabolically active than white adipose tissue

C. Brown adipose tissue is more metabolically active than white adipose tissue

Which of the following BEST describes the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list

Catalogue of food additives generally regarded as safe, established in 1958 by the U.S Congress

Which of the following crops are heavily subsidized by the government?

Corn, soybeans, wheat

A woman with a waist measurement of 31 inches is at an increased risk for the development of some chronic diseases T/F

False

Organic foods are higher in nutrients than conventional foods. T/F

False

The terms "eating disorder" and "disordered eating" are synonymous. T/F

False

What does the term GMO mean?

Genetically Modified Organism

Which of the following has been associated with weight loss in people with very high BMIs?

Improved Insulin sensitivity Reduced hypertension

Which of the following is true about intuitive eating

It uses a system of internal controls to tell you when you have eaten enough Studies show that american college students are less intuitive than French Student

Justin is an offensive lineman on his college football team. He is 6'3" and weighs 335 pounds, with a BMI of 42. Which of the following statements about Justin is MOST LIKELY true?

Muscle weight is probably responsible for his high BMI

A 100% organic food, as regulated by the USDA, cannot contain GMOs, growth hormone and is grown with minimal to no synthetic pesticides and petroleum-based fertilizers. T/F

True

Basal metabolism, the energy expended to maintain the body's resting functions, accounts for the majority of our total energy output each day T/F

True

Bulimia Nervosa is most often found in college-age women and male athletes. T/F

True

Chronic stress increases cortisol responses and disrupts appetite regulation, leading to the development of obesity. T/F

True

Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric disorders T/F

True

Eating whole grain foods increases Kcal expenditure of digestion compared to processed foods.

True

Exposure to media increases body dissatisfaction. T/F

True

Genetic differences are believed to account for 50-70% of the causes of obesity.

True

Habitually eating beyond moderate fulness may lead to weight gain. T/F

True

In some people leptin receptors in the brain do not function properly, which may lead to obesity. T/F

True

In the U.S adult population, binge eating disorder is more common than either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa T/F

True

It doesn't matter whether a "diet" is low fat or low carb in terms of efficacy of weight loss T/F

True

Nitrate is an additive in food on the GRAS list. It is controversial because of its role in the development of nitrosamines, which are a carcinogen. T/F

True

Norovirus contributes to about half of all cases of foodborne illness. T/F

True

Research has shown that both genetics and lifestyle impact the ease with which a person will gain weight T/F

True

Research shows that an obese individual with a lifestyle that includes not smoking, exercising 3 times per week, eating 5 fruits and vegetables every day, and not drinking excessively has the same premature death rate as someone with normal body weight.

True

The most abundant genetically modified food crops in the U.S. are herbicide-tolerant corn and soybeans. T/F

True

There is increasing controversy over the safety of additives in our food T/F

True

A higher incidence of heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes is associated with?

Visceral fat

Food additives are used in foods for which of the following reasons? a. As flavor agents and enhancers b. As antioxidants c. To increase crop yields d. All of the above e. a and b only

a and b only

Your 14 year old female cousin has been losing weight. She is really thin and her hair looks different. She wears sweatshirts even in the summer. She is really picky about her food now. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Anorexia Nervosa b. Bulimia Nervosa c. Muscle Dysmorphia d. Binge eating disorder

a. Anorexia Nervosa

Which of the following is true regarding food-borne illness? a. It is considered the number one health issue regarding food safety by FDA. b. Increases in outbreaks are linked to increased local food production. c. The major source of food contamination is unpasteurized milk. d. All of the above e. a and b only

a. It is considered the number one health issue regarding food safety by FDA.

If Julie wanted to increase her BMI, she should do which of the following? a. Lift Weights b. Drink low-fat milk c. Reduce her calorie Intake

a. Lift Weights

Which of the following is true regarding causes of obesity? a. a person has more brown fat is more likely to be lean b. people who routinely sleep 5 hours or less are less likely to be overweight c. when caloric intake is reduced, people release fat from adipose cells at the same rate

a. a person who has more brown fat is more likely to be lean

Which of the following individuals would most likely have the lowest basic metabolic rate if their actual weight was equal a. 28 year old athletic male b. 28 year old sedentary female c. 28 year old female recovering from a burn injury d. 28 year old pregnant woman

b. 28 year old sedentary female

A limitation of the Body Mass Index (BMI) is that: a. it is difficult to determine b. It does not take body composition into account c. It does not reflect body weight d. It is not accurate if used on women

b. It does not take body composition into account

A BMI of 24.5 would be defined as a. underweight b. Normal Weight c. Overweight d. Obese

b. Normal Weight

What two additives are on the GRAS list that are considered controversial? a. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and high-fructose corn syrup b. Sulfites and nitrites c. Artificial sweeteners and trans fat d. Vitamin A and beta carotene

b. Sulfites and nitrites

Which of the following statements is true? a. Studies show that time spent sitting while watching television increases a person's risk of heart disease more than time spent sitting while on the computer. b. Research shows that 30 minutes of physical activity will compensate for four hours of sitting in terms of heart disease risk. c. Research shows that sitting leads to a build up of fatty tissue around the heart. d. All of the above

c. Research shows that sitting leads to a build up of fatty tissue around the heart.

In food safety what can you do at home to reduce risk of food? a. Wash hands before and frequently during food preparation. b. Use separate cutting boards for meat and all other foods. c. Store food at room temperature for no more than 2 hours. d. All of the above e. a and b only

d. All of the above

Research on rodents and obesity support which of the following statements. a.Rats will binge eat on highly palatable food when it is restricted b. Overfeeding with palatable foods can reduce brain's response to these palatable food which increases the amount of food needed for the same reward (as in cocaine) c.Highly palatable food activates brain reward system d. All of the above e. a and b only

d. All of the above

What health issues have been associated with POP, additives and pesticide residues? a. Chemicals may act as endocrine disrupters. b. Chemicals may act as neurotoxins. c. Chemicals may act as carcinogens. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following are genetic differences between people which could account for a greater risk of obesity? a. Differences in the amount of brown fat b. Differences in how easily fat cells release stored fat c. Differences in leptin's effectiveness d. All of the above e. a and b only

d. All of the above

Which of the following foods is/are true of pesticides: a. They are used to control weeds b. They are used to control insects and fungi c. They are used during growth and storage d. All of the above e. a and c only

d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the risk factors of eating disorders? a. Being teased or bullied, especially about weight, is emerging as a risk factor for eating disorders. b. Buying into the message of the socially-defined "ideal body" may increase the risk of an eating disorder by increasing the likelihood of dieting and food restriction. c. There appears to be a genetic component to the risk of developing an eating disorder. d. All of the above e. a and b only

d. All of the above

Which of the followings is/are the component(s) of body dissatisfaction? a. Idealization of slenderness and leanness b. Irrational fear of body fat c. Conviction that weight and shape are central determinants of one's identity d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the followings is/are true regarding eating disorders? a. Dieting and food restriction can lead to disorder eating, which may further develop into eating disorders. b. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the development of eating disorders. c. Genetic issues and stress interact to promote the susceptibility to eating disorders. d. All of the above e. a and b only

d. All of the above

Which of the followings is/are true regarding orthorexia? a. An eating disorder involves an unhealthy obsession with healthy eating. b. Unlike with anorexia or bulimia, people with orthorexia are more concerned with food quality rather than quantity. c. People with orthorexia are rarely focused on losing weight. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What do we know about intermittent fasting as a weight-loss approach? a. There is insufficient research to decide on outcome. b. Intermittent fasting is a risky behavior for people at risk for an eating disorder. c. Intermittent fasting leads to a reduction in appetite. d. a and b only

d. a and b only

Which of the following neuroendocrine differences between normal weight and overweight people have been identified? a. differences in leptin's effectiveness b. Differences in levels of PYY when fasting and after meals c. Differences in peristalsis after eating d. a and b only

d. a and b only

Which of the following is/are true regarding organic food: a. Organic foods completely avoid the use of all synthetic pesticides b. There is minimal or no growth hormones or antibiotics in organic animal products c. There is minimal or no GMOs in organic foods d. all of the above e. a and c only

d. all of the above

Which of the following are habits that have been associated with a reduction in premature death in populations with a high BMI? a. Not Smoking b. not drinking excessively c. Exercising at least 3 times a week d. Eating at least 5 fruits and vegetables every day e. All of the Above

e. All of the Above

The health outcomes of Anorexia Nervosa typically include: a. Low body weight b. Lack of normal menstruation c. Muscle wasting d. Lowered BMR e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following is not true regarding food additives? (#24) b. The Delaney clause was designed to protect customers from additives that may caused cancer c. The GRAS list refers to additives proven not to cause cancer d. Food additives are seen as a serious health issue by the FDA e. C and D only

e. C and D only

Which of the following is a characteristic associated with muscle dysmorphia? a. Engaging in rigid and excessive exercise routines b. Giving too much importance on body shape c. Purging daily d. All of the above e. a and b only

e. a and b only

Which of the following is true regarding intuitive eating? a. It allows you to eat as much as you want, whenever you want - it has no rules around eating. b. It uses a system of internal controls to tell you when you have eaten enough. c. It allows you to choose foods you believe will satisfy you. d. All of the above e. b and c only

e. b and c only

Which of the following is true regarding the satiety hormone PYY. a. Obese individuals have higher levels of PYY when they are fasting b. Obese individuals show less of an increase in PYY after meals than non-obese c. People who eat slowly have higher levels of PYY d. All of the above e. b and c only

e. b and c only

What is considered a normal weight according to BMI scores?

18.5 - 24.9

The per capita daily calorie intake in the US has increased by _____ since 1970.

300-500 calories

Which of the following factors influence BMR?

An inadequate calorie intake Lean body mass Age

What is the largest component of energy expenditure?

Basal metabolic rate

What percent of total kcal (approximately) in the diet of adults in the US comes from snack foods, which are often not nutrient dense a. 10% b. 20% c. 30%

C. 30%