Exam 3 civil war and reconstruction

What two steps did the freed blacks claim would ensure that their own rights would be guaranteed

Right to vote and protection of the military

Compromise of 1850

- Henry clay - both north and south could accept - north:California free state - south: effective fugitive state law - California enters as a free state - popular sovereignty: can vote to see if they're a slave state or free state - violation of Missouri compromise

What did the reconstruction act of 1867 declare

-Abolished governments in the former confederate states -divided the south into five military districts -black male suffrage Johnson vetoes, congress overrides

Election of 1860

-Abraham Lincoln vs. Douglass -Lincoln won -final straw for South felt their viewpoints were totally shut out -Lincoln didn't want slavery to spread out -complex and changing views of slavery -Lincoln : great emancipator -Jefferson Davis former senate for Mississippi -firmly believed in the institution of slavery in the South -Jefferson Davis was the last senate to leave -December 20 -confederacy forms -Davis is named president -compelling historical figure -only one held accountable for the civil war -Confederacy states: Mississippi, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas

What happened in the Vicksburg siege

-Confederate Vicksburg prevents union from controlling Mississippi River - leads to starving confederates surrender-July 4 - port Hudson falls 5 days later

In Johnsons plan for reconstruction, what did former confederate states have to do

-Declare succession illegal -swear allegiance to the union - ratify the 13th amendment

What did the freedmens bureau and the civil rights act of 1866 declare

-Gave African Americans citizenship - forbade the passing of black codes

Uncle toms cabin

-Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852 - expressed her lifetime hatred for slavery -political and moral struggle -increased protest in north - serialized in the newspaper - eventually put into book -helped personalize the issue of slavery - made people think about what life was like for a slave -sympathetic, emotionally involved - personal issue -credited to moving the country to civil war - caused south to feel attacked - uncle to - black man who tries to please a white person, negative term

What is an advantage and disadvantage Africans had in war

-High mortality from disease -POW's (prisoners of war) killed or returned to slavery

Browns raid in harpers

-John brown white 1858 - secretly got financial support - led a ban of black and white into harpers ferry -federal arsenal - troops put down the revolt - tried and executed - pass out weapons to slaves -start a rebellion -execution -north christian martyr -south way of life is under attack

Kansas-Nebraska act

-Kansas and Nebraska territory lay north of the Missouri compromise line which meant they couldn't be slave states -allowed people of Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether or not to be a slave state (popular sovereignty) -these states were above the 36 30 line where slavery was illegal - the act was to repeal the Missouri compromise - passed in 1854 - organized themselves as a state and decide the slavery issue through popular sovereignty -violates Missouri Compromise -popular sovereignty was never tried again, start a mini civil war -bleeding Kansas -foreshadow the coming war

What amendments resulted from the civil war

-Thirteenth Amendment : abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude -Fourteenth Amendment : prevents states from denying rights and privileges to any U.S. citizen, now defined as all persons born or naturalized in the United States -Fifthteenth Amendment: no one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

What is a slave narrative

-Told either written or spoke -ways a former slave could publish their story -ways to directly challenge the people who owned them - free voice, free place

What was the US sanitary commission and how did they contribute to the war

-Works to better hygiene, hire, train nurses - Dorothea dix superintendent of women nurses - union death rate drops

What happened at harpers ferry virginia

-conspiracy against the U.S government -invade the federal arsenal -use weapons to help slaves -10 raiders died -had to overcome not only the locals but also the U.S. government -October 16 -Brown waited in the town too long and him and his men were captured -proof of northern conspiracy to southerners -proof that white men were willing to die to end slavery

What did Roger Taney said in the dred Scott decision

-decided African Americans' fate -Dred Scott was not a citizen -blacks (free or enslaved) are not included under the word citizen in the Constitution -no rights -unfit to be associated with the white race -slavery existed wherever the owner wanted to take his slave -blacks have no rights that whites have to respect -no such things as a slave state or a free state

Who was Anthony burns

-fugitive slave -arrested -Boston abolitionists vs. southerners -fleeing from marshals -June 2: convicted of being a fugitive slave -brought back to be a slave/recaptured

What were the effects of the fugitive slave act

-most significant part of the Compromise of 1850 -state government, federal government and private citizens were legally required to help in the capture of runaway slaves -whites or blacks could be deputized to help in the recovery of a fugitive slave -accused fugitive slave is denied of trial by jury

What did the emancipation proclamation say

-slaves that are loyal to the Confederacy will be free -freed all slaves in areas still in rebellion

Dred Scott

-sue for his freedom -dred Scott v Stanford - Supreme Court 7-2 against him - slaves were not considered citizens, they're property - guarantee of citizenship will have to be an amendment to the constitution -African Americans: not considered a citizen - south feels vindicated by the ruling - not restricted to taking a slave into another state

How many Americans died in the civil war

600,000 360,000 Union soldiers 258,000 Confederate soldiers 50,000 southern civilians

What does financial panic cause

A five year depression diverting attention from reconstruction

How are white southerners portrayed in this excerpt

As victims and helpless people

What did the Supreme Court declare in the dred Scott decision

Being in a free territory did not make a slave free

Summarize the regulations related to employment of freed slaves. How did they represent a form of slavery?

Black had to have a contract and couldn't leave without the employers permission. This resemlbles the structure of slavery. No blacks had an independent life, they were always under the authority of a white person

According to these excerpts why did the kkk harass certain blacks

Blacks who had leadership positions were politically active trying to get former slaves to vote, or had economic success

What was the first MAJOR battle of the civil war

Bull run; confederate victory. Thomas j. Jackson called stonewall Jackson for firm stand in battle

Which event was a direct result of the compromise of 1850

California was admitted as a free state

Effect of the Vicksburg battle

Confederacy now divided in two by Mississippi River

What occurred at the battle of Shiloh

Confederate troops surprise union soldiers, grant counterattacks; confederates retreat, thousands dead, wounded ; union victory

What did the enforcement act of 1870 declare

Federal supervision of southern elections

Hiram Revels

First black senator who replaced jefferson davis in senate. Wrote harpers weekly

What was considered the first battle of the war

Fort Sumter; confederates win

Who does the emancipation proclamation refer to and and where does the emancipation proclamation stand as a law

Free slaves behind confederate lines, does nit apply to areas occupied you union or slave states in union

Which group is an example of northerners who wanted to keep slavery out of the territories but did not have positive feelings towards African Americans.

Free spoilers

What did the enforcement act of 1871 declare

Gave the president power to use federal troops to control klan activity

Who provided some of the most well known narratives

Harriet Jacobs, Fredrick Douglas, sojourner truth, William w. Brown

What happened when reconstruction ended

Hayes removed remaining federal troops

How does Johnson react to the freedmen bureaus and the civil rights act

He vetoes both but congress overrides johnsons vetoes which gives congress power over reconstruction

Why was the land owner so determined to prevent croppers from planting cotton and other staple crops in their "home" patches

If they get cash crops they could sell it and make money, allowing them to pay off their debit and gaining independence. Cash crops gave the opportunities for croppers to make money and gain independence.

What happens to Johnson in 1868

Impeached but not removed from office while grant is elected president

Which "crime" carried the harshest penalty

Interracial marriage carried the harshest penalty

Battle at Antietam

Lee(confederate) wins second battle of bull run: marches to Maryland -lee and McClellan clash at Antietam- bloodiest single day battle - standoff, confederates retreat McClellan (union) doesn't pursues; Lincoln fires McClellan

Abe lincoln

Lenient reconstruction process. Assassinated

How were Africans treated in the army

Lower way than white troops, limits on military rank

What happen when confederate soldiers take over government

Military installations

Who is in charge of the reconstruction

Not the president, congress is

What did the surgeon generals specifically order and why

Ordered at least 1/3 of union nurses to be women because they thought they were especially effective

What affect did John brown have in the advancing of the civil war

Perceived as a Christian martyr

What did the battle at Shiloh teach

Preparation needed, confederacy vulnerable in west

What does the 15th amendment declare

Provides the constitutional basis for black male suffrage

What happens when congress adopts the 14th amendment

Provides the constitutional basis for the civil rights act of 1866

What is the key difference between the north and the south that ultimately led to the civil war

Southern economy depended on the slavery while the northern did not

What was the turning point of the civil war

The emancipation proclamation

How could the klan express should reverence for the constitution while castigating union army veterans

The kkk considered themselves to be real Americans and they're defenders of the constitution. Protecting American ideals and way of life. Wanted everyone to be white and Protestant. Don't see a energy their principles and the constitution

Why would poor whites have been attracted to the klan?

The only thing they had going for themselves was that that they're white. Wanted to continue to be privileged just because they are white

Under popular sovereignty, who will decide whether slavery would be allowed in a territory?

The residents of the territory

What did the amnesty act return

The right to vote and hold office to 150,000 former confederates -freedmens bureau is allowed to retire -Jefferson Davis was the only one not to get amnesty

What did the petitioners mean when they said that the white southerner was "subjugated but unconverted"

The southerners were subjugated but hadn't changed any of their opinions in slavery

What percent of the African Americans joined the army

The were 1% of the norths pop. And by wars end 10% of the army

Based on these testimonies characterize the methods used by the klan to intimidate blacks

They would tend to follow the same steps. They would go to a black families home at night in large numbers, trying to corner them. Tell the blacks what they didn't like about what they were doing.

Which BATTLE was the turning point of the war and what happened

Three day battle at Gettysburg cripples the south. Confederates go to find shoes, meet union cavalry. Leads to confederates to drive union back and take town

What deal was struck between Tilden and Hayes

Tilden will not contest the election of Hayes removes any remaining federal troops in the south when in office

What were the advantages of both the union and confederate army

Union-soldiers, factories, food, railroads Confederate- cotton profits, generals, motivation.

What does the Gettysburg address assert

Unity Of US, honors dead soldiers, calls for living to dedicate selves to preserve union, freedom

What do you think Cobb meant when he said that "property of various kinds" had been stolen

slaves and land/property