Exam 3: Endocrine Dysfunction NCLEX Questions
a b d
The nurse is planning to admit an 8-year-old child with hypoparathyroidism. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe in this child? (Select all that apply.) a. Muscle cramps b. Positive Chvostek sign c. Emotional lability d. Laryngeal spasms e. Short attention span
a
Treatment of choice for the child with idiopathic hypopituitarism may include a. biosynthetic growth hormone b. human growth hormone c. chemotherapy d. administration of clonidine
d
Prolonged steroid therapy has caused a child to have Cushing syndrome. To lessen the cushingoid effects, the steroid should be administered at which time? a. In the PM b. After lunch c. QD in the AM d. QOD in the AM
b
A preadolescent has maintained good glycemic control of his type 1 diabetes through the school year. During summer vacation, he has had repeated episodes of hypoglycemia. What additional teaching is needed? a. Carbohydrates in the diet need to be replaced with protein. b. Additional snacks are needed to compensate for increased activity. c. The child needs to decrease his activity level to minimize episodes of hypoglycemia. d. Insulin dosage should be increased to compensate for a change in activity level.
b d e
The nurse is caring for a child with an anterior pituitary tumor. What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary? (Select all that apply.) a. Oxytocin b. Luteinizing hormone c. Antidiuretic hormone d. Thyroid-stimulating hormone e. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
c
A school-age child recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse if he can still play soccer, play baseball, and swim. What is the basis of knowledge for the response by the nurse? a. Exercise is contraindicated. b. The level of activity depends on the type of insulin required. c. Exercise is not restricted unless indicated by other health conditions. d. Soccer and baseball are too strenuous, but swimming is acceptable.
a
A school-age child with diabetes gets 30 units of NPH insulin at 0800. According to when this insulin peaks, the child should be at greatest risk for a hypoglycemic episode between when? a. Lunch and dinner b. Breakfast and lunch c. 0830 to his midmorning snack d. Bedtime and breakfast the next morning
a
A teen comes into the clinic with anxiety. Over the past 2 weeks, the teen has had some muscle twitching and has a positive Chvostek sign. Which explanation could the nurse provide to the parent about a Chvostek sign? a. it is a facial muscle spasm elicited by tapping the facial nerve b. muscle pain that occurs when touched c. the sign occurs because of increased intracranial pressure d. the sign is a result of vitamin D overdose
a
A toddler is admitted to the pediatric floor for hypopituitarism following removal of a craniopharyngioma. The toddler has polyuria, polydipsia, and dehydration. Which area of the brain was most affected by this surgery? a. posterior pituitary b. anterior pituitary c. autonomic nervous system d. sympathetic nervous system
a b d
The nurse is planning to admit a 12-year-old with Graves disease (GD). What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe in this child? (Select all that apply.) a. Insomnia b. Irritability c. Tonic rigidity d. Hyperactivity e. Muscle cramps
c
Diabetic ketoacidosis in children with type 1 DM a. is the most common chronic complication b. is a result of too much insulin c. is a life-threatening complication d. rarely requires hospitalization
a
During the summer many children are more physically active. What changes in the management of the child with diabetes should be expected as a result of more exercise? a. food intake b. fluid intake c. risk of hyperglycemia d. risk of insulin reaction
c
Even with optimal glucose control, a child with type 1 DM may frequently suffer the acute complication of a. retinopathy b. ketoacidosis c. hypoglycemia d. hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
c
Tests that use neuromodulators to stimulate the release of growth hormone a. are the best method to diagnose growth hormone deficiency b. suppress the release of growth hormone c. may be less sensitive indicators than growth hormone assasys d. are recommended whenever growth delays occur
d
The best approach to effectively teach a child and their family the complex concepts of the home managment of type 1 DM is to a. provide intensive training a day or so after diagnosis b. provide intensive training the first 3-4 days after diagnosis c. teach nothing until 2 weeks after diagnosis d. teach essentials at diagnosis, followed by intense information later
c
The child with longstanding hypoparathyroidism will usually exhibit a. short, stubby fingers b. dimpling of the skin over the knuckles c. skeletal growth restriction d. a short, thick neck
c
The child with type 1 DM is taught to weigh and measure food to a. receive the nutrients prescribed b. prevent hypoglycemia c. learn to estimate food portions d. prevent hyperglycemia
b
The child with type 1 DM needs to test his urine a. for ketones every day b. for ketones at times of illness c. for glucose every day d. for glucose at times of illness
a b c
The clinic nurse is assessing a child with central precocious puberty. What conditions can cause central precocious puberty? (Select all that apply.) a. Trauma b. Neoplasms c. Radiotherapy d. Exogenous sex hormones e. Primary hypothyroidism
d
The clinic nurse is assessing a child with hypopituitarism. Hypopituitarism can lead to which disorder? a. Gigantism b. Hyperthyroidism c. Cushing syndrome d. Growth hormone deficiency
d
The initial treatment for the child with hyperthyroidism is a. subtotal thyroidectomy b. total thyroidectomy c. ablation with radioactive iodide d. administration of antithyroid medication
a c e f
The nurse is preparing a community outreach program for adolescents about the characteristic differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). What concepts should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Type 1 DM has an abrupt onset. b. Type 1 DM is often controlled with oral glucose agents. c. Type 1 DM occurs primarily in whites. d. Type 2 DM always requires insulin therapy. e. Type 2 DM frequently has a familial history. f. Type 2 DM occurs in people who are overweight.
a c d
The nurse is preparing to admit a 7-year-old child with type 2 diabetes. What clinical features of type 2 diabetes should the nurse recognize? (Select all that apply.) a. Oral agents are effective. b. Insulin is usually needed. c. Ketoacidosis is infrequent. d. Diet only is often effective. e. Chronic complications frequently occur.
b d e
What are characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis? (Select all that apply.) a. Pallor b. Acidosis c. Bradypnea d. Dehydration e. Electrolyte imbalance
d
What blood glucose measurement is most likely associated with diabetic ketoacidosis? a. 185 mg/dl b. 220 mg/dl c. 280 mg/dl d. 330 mg/dl
d
What clinical manifestation is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus? a. Nausea b. Seizures c. Impaired vision d. Frequent urination
d
What clinical manifestation occurs with hypoglycemia? a. Lethargy b. Confusion c. Nausea and vomiting d. Weakness and dizziness
a
What form of diabetes is characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in insulin deficiency? a. Type 1 diabetes b. Type 2 diabetes c. Gestational diabetes d. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
c
What is a common clinical manifestation of juvenile hypothyroidism? a. Insomnia b. Diarrhea c. Dry skin d. Rapid growth
d
The nurse caring for a client with type 1 DM is teaching how to self administer insulin. Which is the proper injection technique? a. position the needle with the bevel facing downward before injection b. spread the skin prior to intramuscular injection c. aspirate for blood return prior to injection d. elevate the subcutaneous tissue before injection
a
The nurse is assisting with a growth hormone stimulation test for a child with short stature. What should the nurse monitor closely on this child during the test? a. Hypotension b. Tachycardia c. Hypoglycemia d. Nausea and vomiting
b
The nurse is caring for a 10 year old post parathyroidectomy. Discharge teaching should include which of the following? a. how to administer injectable growth hormone b. the importance of supplemental calcium in the diet c. the importance of increasing iodine in the diet d. how to administer subcutaneous insulin
b
The nurse is caring for a child after a parathyroidectomy. What medication should the nurse have available if hypocalcemia occurs? a. Insulin b. Calcium gluconate c. Propylthiouracil (PTU) d. Cortisone (hydrocortisone)
b
A father calls the pediatrician's office concerned about his 5 year old type 1 diabetic child who has been ill. He reports that upon checking the child's urine, it was positive for ketones. What is the nurse's best response to the father? a. "come to the office immediately" b. "encourage the child to drink calorie-free liquids" c. "hold the next dose of insulin" d. "administer an extra dose of insulin now"
a
A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of which gland? a. Thyroid b. Adrenal c. Anterior pituitary d. Posterior pituitary
c
A 12 year old child with type 2 DM presents with a fever and a 2 day history of vomiting. The nurse observes that the child's breath has a fruity odor and breathing is deep and rapid. Which should the nurse do first? a. offer the child 8 oz of clear noncaloric fluid b. test the child's urine for ketones c. prepare the child for an IV infusion d. offer the child 25 g of carbohydrates
d
A 12 year old comes to the clinical with a diagnosis of graves disease. What information should the nurse discuss with the child? a. suggest weight loss b. encourage attending school c. emphasize that the disease will go into remission d. encourage the child to take responsibility for daily medications
a
A 12-year-old girl is newly diagnosed with diabetes when she develops ketoacidosis. How should the nurse structure a successful education program? a. Essential information is presented initially. b. Teaching should take place in the childs semiprivate room. c. Education is focused toward the parents because the child is too young. d. All information needed for self-management of diabetes is taught at once.
b
A 13-year-old girl is brought to the clinic with the complaint of insomnia and hyperactivity. Other symptoms include gradual weight loss despite a good appetite; warm, flushed, and moist skin; and unusually fine hair. What are these assessment findings suggestive of for this child? a. Hypothyroidism b. Hyperthyroidism c. Hypoparathyroidism d. Hyperparathyroidism
c
A 20-kg (44-lb) child in ketoacidosis is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. What order should the nurse not implement until clarified with the physician? a. Weigh on admission and daily. b. Replace fluid volume deficit over 48 hours. c. Begin intravenous line with D5 0.45% normal saline with 20 mEq of potassium chloride. d. Give intravenous regular insulin 2 units/kg/hr after initial rehydration bolus
b
A 6 year old white girl comes with her mother for evaluation of her acne, breast buds, axillary hair, and body odor. What information should the nurse explain to them? a. this is a typical age for girls to go into puberty b. encourage the girl to dress and act appropriately for her chronological age c. she should be on birth control because she is fertile d. she may be short if her epiphyses close early
d
A child eats some sugar cubes after experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. This rapid-releasing sugar should be followed by which dietary intervention? a. Sports drink and fruit b. Glucose tabs and protein c. Glass of water and crackers d. Milk and peanut butter on bread
b
A child is having tests done to determine parathyroid function. The clinic nurse knows that the parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the homeostasis of what in the serum? a. Sodium b. Calcium c. Potassium d. Magnesium
c
A child is receiving propylthiouracil for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (Graves disease). The parents and child should be taught to recognize and report which sign or symptom immediately? a. Fatigue b. Weight loss c. Fever, sore throat d. Upper respiratory tract infection
d
A child will start treatment for central precocious puberty. What synthetic hormone will be injected? a. Thyrotropin b. Gonadotropins c. Somatotropic hormone d. Luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone
a
A child with growth hormone (GH) deficiency is receiving GH therapy. When is the best time for the GH to be administered? a. At bedtime b. After meals c. Before meals d. After arising in morning
d
A child with growth hormone deficiency will exhibit the signs of a. restricted height and weight b. abnormal skeletal proportions c. malnutrition d. short stature but proportional height and weight
b
A child with hypoparathyroidism is receiving vitamin D therapy. The parents should be advised to watch for which signs or symptoms of vitamin D toxicity? a. Headache and seizures b. Weakness and lassitude c. Anorexia and insomnia d. Physical restlessness, voracious appetite without weight gain
b
A child with hypopituitarism is being started on growth hormone (GH) therapy. Nursing considerations should be based on which knowledge? a. Therapy is most successful if it is started during adolescence. b. Replacement therapy requires daily subcutaneous injections. c. Hormonal supplementation will be required throughout childs lifetime. d. Treatment is considered successful if children attain full stature by adolescence.
b
A common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism is a. maternal hyperparathyroidism b. chronic renal disease c. maternal DM d. adenoma of the parathyroid gland
b
A newborn develops tetany and has a seizure prior to discharge from the nursery. The newborn is diagnosed with hypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidism and is started on calcium and vitamin D. Which information would be most important for the nurse to teach the parents? a. they should observe the baby for signs of tetany and seizures b. they should observe for weakness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea c. they should administer the calcium and vitamin D daily as prescribed d. they should call the clinic if they have any questions about care of the newborn
c
A nurse working on a pediatric unit is assigned to an infant with hypothyroidism. She knows that the assessment may include: a. thyroid function test that are usually normal, although TSH levels may be slightly or moderately elevated b. increased secretion of pituitary TSH in response to decreased circulating levels of TH or from infiltrative neoplastic or inflammatory processes c. dry skin, puffiness around the eyes, sparse hair, constipation, sleepiness, lethargy, and mental decline d. clinical features, including irritability, hyperactivity, short attention span, tremors, insomnia, and emotional lability
c
An adolescent diabetic is admitted to the emergency department for treatment of hyperglycemia and pneumonia. What are characteristics of diabetic hyperglycemia? a. Cold, clammy skin and lethargy b. Hunger and hypertension c. Thirst, being flushed, and fruity breath d. Disorientation and pallor
a
An early sign of type 2 DM in the adolescent is a. acanthosis nigricans b. obesity c. Kussmaul respirations d. increased hunger
b
Problems with the child adjusting to the self-management of type 1 DM are most likely to occur when the condition is diagnosed in a. infancy b. adolescence c. the toddler years d. the school age years
a
The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a child with type 1 DM is which of the following? a. risk for infection related to reduced body defenses b. impaired urinary elimination c. risk for injury related to medical treatment d. anticipatory grieving
c
The most common organic cause of pituitary undersecretion is a. tumor in the adrenocortical region b. autoimmune hypophysitis c. tumor in the pituitary of hypothalamic region d. perinatal trauma
d
Exercise for the child with type 1 DM may a. be restricted to noncontact sports b. require a decreased intake of food c. necessitate an increased insulin dose d. require an increased intake of food
b
Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs) may occur in children with which condition? a. Hypothyroidism b. Hyperthyroidism c. Hypoparathyroidism d. Hyperparathyroidism
c
In a child with hypopituitarism, the growth hormone levels would usually be a. elevated after 20 minutes of strenuous exercise b. elevated 45-90 minutes after the onset of sleep c. lower than normal or not measurable at all d. increased in response to insulin
c
In regard to insulin administration a. insulin should never be premixed b. insulin syringes should never be reused c. insulin doses under 2 units may be diluted d. an air bubble in the syringe is insignificant
d
In regard to meal planning for the child with type 1 DM, parents should be aware that a. fast foods must be eliminated b. foods must be always weighed and measured c. the exchange list is limited to one type of food d. foods with sorbitol are metabolized into glucose
c
In the child with idiopathic hypopituitarism, growth hormone replacement therapy a. will continue for life b. will not result in achievement of a normal familial height c. requires subcutaneous injection d. requires intramuscular injection
d
Most children with DM tend to exhibit characteristics of a. maturity-onset diabetes of youth b. gestational-onset diabetes c. type 2 DM d. type 1 DM
c
Of the following glucose levels, the lead value that most certainly indicates a diagnosis of type 1 DM is a a. fasting blood glucose of 120 b. random blood glucose of 160 c. fasting blood glucose of 160 d. glucose tolerance test (oral) value of 160 for the 2 hour sample
d
Overproduction of the anterior pituitary hormones can result in a. hyperthyroidism b. hypogonadism (functional) c. precocious puberty d. all of the above
c
Parents of a child with precocious puberty need to know that a. dress and activities should be aligned with the child's sexual development b. heterosexual interests will usually be advanced c. the child's mental age is congruent with the chronological age d. overt manifestations of affection represent sexual advances
c
Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) differs from central precocious puberty (CPP) in which manner? a. PPP results from a central nervous system (CNS) insult. b. PPP occurs more frequently in girls. c. PPP may be viewed as a variation in sexual development. d. PPP results from hormonal stimulation of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH)
d
The nurse is caring for a child who complains of constant hunger, constant thirst, frequent urination, and recent weight loss without dieting. Which can the nurse expect to be included in the care for this child? a. limiting daily fluid intake b. weight management consuling c. strict intake and output monitoring d. frequent blood glucose testing
a
The nurse is caring for an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. What pituitary dysfunction should the nurse assess for in the adolescent? a. Hypopituitarism b. Pituitary hyperfunction c. Hyperplasia of the pituitary cells d. Overproduction of the anterior pituitary hormones
d
The nurse is discussing with a child and family the various sites used for insulin injections. What site usually has the fastest rate of absorption? a. Arm b. Leg c. Buttock d. Abdomen
d
The nurse is instructing a family on the side effects of oral cortisol. What aspects of administering the medication should the nurse emphasize? a. weight gain and dietary management b. bitterness of the taste of the medication c. excitability that results from the medication d. taking the medication with food to decrease gastric irritation
b
The nurse is obtaining the medical history of an 11 year old diagnosed with hypopituitarism. An important question for the nurse to ask the parents is which of the following? a. "Is the child receiving vasopressin instramuscularly or subcutaneously?" b. "What time of day do you administer growth hormone?" c. "Does your child have any concerns about being taller than the peer group?" d. "How often is your child testing blood glucose?"
a c e
The nurse is planning to admit a 14-year-old adolescent with Cushing syndrome. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe in this child? (Select all that apply.) a. Truncal obesity b. Decreased pubic hair c. Petechial hemorrhage d. Hyperpigmentation of elbows e. Facial plethora f. Headache and weakness
a d e
The nurse is planning to admit a 14-year-old adolescent with hyperparathyroidism. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe in this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Polyuria b. Diarrhea c. Hypotension d. Vague bone pain e. Paresthesia in extremities
b
The nurse is taking care of a 10 year old diagnosed with Graves disease. Which could the nurse expect this child to have recently had? a. weight gain, excessive thirst, and excessive hunger b. weight loss, difficulty sleeping, and heat sensitivity c. weight gain, lethargy, and goiter d. weight loss, poor skin turgor, and constipation
d
The nurse is taking care of a child who had a thyroidectomy. The nurse recognizes what as a positive Chvostek sign? a. Paresthesia occurring in feet and toes b. Frequent sharp flexion of wrist and ankle joints c. Carpal spasm elicited by pressure applied to the nerves of the upper arm d. Facial muscle spasm elicited by tapping the facial nerve in the region of the parotid gland
d
The nurse is teaching an adolescent about giving insulin injections. The adolescent asks if the disposable needles and syringes can be used more than once. The nurses response should be based on which knowledge? a. It is unsafe. b. It is acceptable for up to 24 hours. c. It is acceptable for families with very limited resources. d. It is suitable for up to 3 days if stored in the refrigerator.
d
The nurse is teaching the family about caring for their 7 year old, who has been diagnosed with type 1 DM. What information should the nurse provide about this condition? a. best managed through diet, exercise, and oral medication b. can be prevented by proper nutrition and monitoring blood glucose levels c. characterized mainly by insulin resistance d. characterized mainly by insulin deficiency
b d e
The nurse is teaching the family of a child with type 1 diabetes about insulin. What should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Unopened vials are good for 60 days. b. Diabetic supplies should not be left in a hot environment. c. Insulin can be placed in the freezer if not used every day. d. After it has been opened, insulin is good for up to 28 to 30 days. e. Insulin bottles that have been opened should be stored at room temperature or refrigerated.
b
The nurse is teaching the parent of a preschool child how to administer the childs insulin injection. The child will be receiving 2 units of regular insulin and 12 units of NPH insulin every morning. What should the parent be taught? a. Draw the insulin in separate syringes. b. Draw the regular insulin first and then the NPH into the same syringe. c. Draw the NPH insulin first and then the regular into the same syringe. d. Check blood sugar first, and if below 120, hold the regular insulin and give the NPH.
c
The parent of a 10-year-old child with diabetes asks the nurse why home blood glucose monitoring is being recommended. What is the basis for the nurse's explanation? a. It is an easier method of testing. b. Parents are better able to manage the diabetes. c. Children have a greater sense of control over the diabetes. d. Fewer visits to the primary care provider will be necessary.
c
The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. What effect does exercise have on a type 1 diabetic? a. Exercise increases blood glucose. b. Extra insulin is required during exercise. c. Additional snacks are needed before exercise. d. Excessive physical activity should be restricted.
b
The school nurse notices that a 14 year old who used to be an excellent student and very active in sports is losing weight and acting very nervous. The teen was recently checked by the primary care provider, who noted the teen had a very low level of TSH. The nurse recognizes that the teen has which condition? a. Hashimoto thyroid disease b. Graves disease c. hypothyroidism d. Juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis
b
The school nurse practitioner is consulted by a fifth-grade teacher about a student who has become increasingly inattentive and hyperactive in the classroom. The nurse notes that the childs weight has changed from the 50th percentile to the 30th percentile. The nurse is concerned about possible hyperthyroidism. What additional sign or symptom should the nurse anticipate? a. Skin that is cool and dry b. Blurred vision and loss of acuity c. Running and being active during recess d. Decreased appetite and food intake
a
The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increases secretion in response to which hormone? a. Low levels of circulating thyroid hormone b. High levels of circulating thyroid hormone c. Low levels of circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone d. High levels of circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone
c
To help an adolescent deal with diabetes, the nurse needs to consider which characteristic of adolescence? a. Desire to be unique b. Preoccupation with the future c. Need to be perfect and similar to peers d. Awareness of peers that diabetes is a severe disease
d
What is a condition that can result if hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) occurs after epiphyseal closure? a. Cretinism b. Dwarfism c. Gigantism d. Acromegaly
d
What key information should be explained to the family of a 3 year old who has short stature and abnormal laboratory test results? a. because of the diurnal rhythm of the body, growth hormone levels are elevated following the onset of sleep b. exercise can stimulate growth hormone secretion c. the initial screening tests needs to be repeated for accuracy d. growth hormone levels in children are so low that stimulation testing must be done
d
What statement applies to the current focus of the dietary management of children with diabetes? a. Measurement of all servings of food is vital for control. b. Daily calculate specific amounts of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. c. The number of calories for carbohydrates remains constant on a daily basis; protein and fat calories are liberal. d. The intake ensures day-to-day consistency in total calories, protein, carbohydrates, and moderate fat while allowing for a wide variety of foods.
a
What statement best describes Cushing syndrome? a. It is caused by excessive production of cortisol. b. Treatment involves replacement of cortisol. c. The major clinical features are exophthalmia and pigmentary changes. d. The diagnosis is suspected with findings of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and polyuria.
a
What statement best describes hypopituitarism? a. Skeletal proportions are normal for age. b. Weight is usually more retarded than height. c. Growth is normal during the first 3 years of life. d. Most of these children have subnormal intelligence.
c
What statement is characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus? a. Onset is usually gradual. b. Ketoacidosis is infrequent. c. Peak age incidence is 10 to 15 years. d. Oral agents are available for treatment.
c
What would the nurse include when discussing a child's precocious puberty with the parents? a. The child is not yet fertile. b. Heterosexual interest is usually advanced. c. Dress and activities should be appropriate to chronologic age. d. Appearance of secondary sexual characteristics does not proceed in the usual order.
c
When a child develops diabetic ketoacidosis, what is this considered by the nurse? a. Expected outcome b. Best treated at home c. A life-threatening situation d. Best treated at practitioner's office or clinic
c
When a thyroidectomy is planned, the nurse should explain to the child that a. iodine preparations will be mixed with flavored foods and then eaten b. he will need to hyperextend the neck postoperatively c. the skin, not the throat, will be cut d. laryngospasm can be a life-threatening complication
c
Which is an important nursing intervention for a child with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism? a. encourage an increase in physical activity b. do preoperative teaching for thyroidectomy c. promote opportunities for periods of rest d. do dietary planning to increase caloric intake
a
Which of the following cardiac wave patterns is indicative of hypokalemia? a. widening of the Q-T interval with a flattened T wave b. shortening of the Q-T interval with an elevate T wave c. shortening of the Q-T interval with a flattened T wave d. Widening of the Q-T interval with an elevated T wave
c
Which of the following is not one of the principles of managing diabetes during illness? a. blood glucose should be monitored every 3 hours b. insulin dosages requirements may increase, decrease, or remain the same c. insulin should always be omitted when excessive vomiting occurs d. oral fluids should be encouraged to avoid dehydration
b
You are working in the ED, and a 10 year old child with type 1 DM has just been admitted. He has been diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which assessment data will you expect to note in this child? a. shallow or normal respirations, hypertension, and tachycardia b. fruity breath odor and decreasing levels of consciousness c. headache, hunger, and excessive irritability d. normal urine output with specific gravity less than 1.020 and a trace of ketones
