Exam #3

We remember information with _____ better than information without.

Meaning

You start making a grocery list early in the week, and add items daily throughout the week. At the end of the week, when you get to the grocery store, you realize that you left your list at home. The items you are most likely to recall on the list were those that you added _____.

Most recently

Imagine a study in which participants are shown 2,000 slides of houses and storefronts, each for only 10 seconds. Later, these same participants are shown 300 of the original slides paired with slides they have not seen before. According to research, these participants would be able to recognize _____ percent of the slides they had seen before.

90

Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the:

Amygdala

Events that are forgotten are like books that cannot be found in a library. Which of the following scenarios can BEST be used to explain the retrieval problem?

You can't remember the author's name or the title of the book, so you can't look it up.

It is easier to remember the phrase "what sobriety conceals, alcohol reveals" than the phrase "what sobriety conceals, alcohol unmasks." This best illustrates the value of:

acoustic encoding.

Memory consolidation is most likely to have happened _____.

after repeated exposure to material after rehearsal after sleep

Strange as it may seem, James has run into the same co-worker four times today, in four different locations. He gets a little nervous, wondering if she is following him. His ability to unconsciously keep track of the number of times he's run into the co-worker is known as:

automatic processing.

Procedural memory requires activation of the ______.

basal ganglia

Dora found the serial number of the used car she wanted to purchase online. To remember the eleven-digit number, 19801776317, she thought of the number as the year she was born (1980), the date of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the area code of her home phone (317). Dora was using the strategy of _____ to help her remember the car's serial number.

chunking

It is easier to remember information that is organized into meaningful units than information that is not. This is known as:

chunking.

Because memories are _____, "hypnotically refreshed" memories may prove inaccurate, especially if the hypnotist asks leading questions.

constructed

Jamal's brother often pretends to listen to what he is saying, but really he is focused elsewhere. When Jamal asks him, "What did I just say?" he can sometimes repeat your last few words. This is likely caused by his _____ memory.

echoic

One reason our memories fail is because of problems with information:

encoding

If one has NOT studied well for a test, in which format is one likely to get a higher score?

recognition

Shannon is an excellent student. She rewrites her class notes after each class and reviews the chapter covered in the lecture each evening. Rewriting her notes and reviewing the chapter is a form of:

rehearsal.

When learning occurs in the California sea slug, more of the neurotransmitter _____ is released at certain synapses.

serotonin

After Maya gave her friend the password to a protected Web site, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her _____ memory.

short-term

Brain plasticity is observable in people, as the area of the brain used for specific tasks, such as_____, will increase with use.

spatial navigation

The phenomena of forgetting information learned while intoxicated until the person is once again intoxicated is called ____.

state-dependent memory

Your friend disappointed you, and you tell another friend, "That friend is really unreliable. She doesn't care about people's feelings." Later, when she apologizes and does something kind, you tell a friend, "That friend is always so nice to me!" This alteration of perception is explained by ______.

state-dependent memory

If you learn a list of chemistry terms while you are in a great mood, you have a better chance of recalling that list if you are in the same kind of mood when you take the exam. This is known as:

state-dependent memory.

Oliver is trying to make an online purchase, but he doesn't have his credit card. He calls his wife, who reads the 16-digit credit card number to him. Unfortunately, Oliver cannot remember the number long enough to type it into the computer. This is because short-term memory is limited in _____ and capacity.

Duration

_____ was to the study of memory as _____ was to the study of conditioning.

Hermann Ebbinghaus; Ivan Pavlov

_____ memory refers to retention of information that is independent of conscious recollection, whereas _____ refers to memory for facts and experiences.

Implicit; explicit

Phone companies created 7-digit phone numbers because this amount best suited the capacity of our ____.

Short Term Memory

Recalling something that you had once merely imagined happening as something you had directly experienced best illustrates _____.

Source amnesia

When Bill studies for an exam he reads the textbook, stops to think about the material, and then takes a practice exam. According to the computer information-processing model Bill is actively:

encoding, storing, and retrieving.

Mabel has Alzheimer's disease and has lost her _____ memories for people and events. However, she is able to display an ability to form new _____ memories by being repeatedly shown words.

explicit; implicit

John remembers very clearly the day his best friend died in a bicycle accident when he was hit by a drunk driver. This best illustrates _____ memory

flashbulb

Hakeem has a very clear memory of his daughter's birth. He remembers the weather, what he was wearing, the sounds in the hallway, and the joy he felt. Psychologists would say that:

he has a flashbulb memory for this event.

Professor Wallace studies memory in people who have had strokes. Professor Hansen studies people who claim to have clear memories of events that happened over three decades ago. Such research on the extremes of memory:

helps us to understand how memory works.

When you go for a job interview and are introduced to many people, whose name are you most likely to remember?

the first person you met

When people are given subtle misleading information about a past event, they often misremember the true details surrounding the event. This is known as:

the misinformation effect.

If the functioning of your cerebellum is impaired, you would have trouble learning which of the following?

tying a knot

Our environment often influences us by activating our principles through priming. This process is ____.

unconscious