Exam 3 Man3404 CH 16
________ is considered the most basic and frequently used motivational strategy for managers, and it helps satisfy subordinate needs for recognition and security. A.Creating opportunities B.Effective communication C.Job redesign D.Behavior modification E.Job enlargement
B.Effective communication
Marie is a motivation researcher who focuses her attention on the steps that take place when a person is motivated. This best fits with which motivation theory basic type? A.Content theory B.Intrinsic motivation theory C.Process theory D.Needs-goal theory E.ERG theory
C.Process theory
Which of the following refers to the top level of Maslow's hierarchy that focuses on maximizing an individual's potential? A.Esteem needs B.Physiological needs C.Self-actualization needs D.Safety needs E.Social needs
C.Self-actualization needs
Quentin works hard at his fast food job because he wants the money the job pays. This is an example of a(n) ___________ reward. A.intrinsic B.safety C.extrinsic D.esteem E.social
C.extrinsic`
Jesse feels personal satisfaction when he mows his elderly neighbor's yard. This satisfaction comes directly from performing the task and is known as a(n) ___________ reward. A.self-actualized B.safety C.intrinsic D.achievement E.extrinsic
C.intrinsic
_________ theories of motivation emphasize how individuals are motivated. A.Method B.Content C.Productivity D.Process E.Behavioral
D.Process
Mario feels good about himself when he helps his co-workers. In the terminology of the Porterdash-Lawler theory of motivation this would be called a(n) _________. A.extrinsic reward B.goal C.equity judgment D.intrinsic reward E.esteem need
D.intrinsic reward
The _____ is the most fundamental of motivation theories and begins with a person feeling a need and then the need is transformed into behavior directed toward achieving a goal. A.hierarchy of needs B.Likert C.Porter-Lawler D.needs-goal E.expectancy
D.needs-goal
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire to maximize potential is an example of a(n) _________ need. A.esteem B.physiological C.safety D.self-actualization E.social
D.self-actualization
Anita wants to improve the efficiency of her department's use of resources beyond their current goals. She is very concerned with the success of her department. She wants all of her employees to exceed their goals because she wants everyone to constantly strive to reach higher. According to McClelland, Anita most likely has which of thefollowing? A.A low need for affiliation B.A low need for achievement C.A low need for power D.A high need for affiliation E.A high need for achievement
E.A high need for achievement
Which of the following is a theory of motivation that emphasizes people's internal characteristics? A.Equity theory B.Process theory C.Needs-goal theory D.Expectancy theory E.Content theory
E.Content theory
A company stock ownership plan is an example of which kind of motivation? a. Job design b. Monetary incentive c. Job rotation d. Job enlargement
b. Monetary incentive
Motivation that begins with an individual feeling is known as __________. a. Argyris's maturity-immaturity continuum b. Porter-Lawler motivation theory c. needs-goal theory d. equity theory
c. needs-goal theory
__________ is a job design strategy that states that moving workers from job to job, rather than requiring them to perform only one simple job, will decrease boredom. a. Job rotation b. Job enlargement c. Monetary compensation d. Job design
a. Job rotation
McGregor's __________ is/are based on assumptions about human nature. a. job design theory b. consequences of behaviors c. theories of motivation d. hierarchy of needs
c. theories of motivation
Increasing the number of operations an individual performs, to enhance satisfaction in work, is known as _________. A.job enlargement B.job enrichment C.job rotation D.task development E.behavior modification
A.job enlargement
Kathryn feels she is underpaid for the job that she performs at Ballston Industries. Because of this, she has decided to seek a new position with better pay and benefits. This is an example of which motivation theory? A.Expectancy theory B.Equity theory C.Needs-goal theory D.ERG theory E.Porter-Lawler theory
B.Equity theory
Exercising self-direction is a behavior McGregor categorized to which theory? a. Theory X b. Job rotation theory c. Theory Z d. Theory Y
a. Theory X
In order to overcome the boredom of doing simple jobs, a manager may increase the number of operations an individual performs, which is known as __________. a. job enlargement b. flextime c. job rotation d. job enrichment
a. job enlargement
Which of the following is the most basic motivation strategy for managers? A.Job design B.Monetary incentives C.Behavior modification D.Job enlargement E.Managerial communication
E.Managerial communication
______________ is the inner state that primarily causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal. A.Awareness B.Consideration C.Stress D.Feeling E.Motivation
E.Motivation
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a person's desire to be accepted by others is known as a __________. a. esteem need b. social need c. security or safety need d. physiological need
b. social need
_________ involves moving workers from job to job instead of specializing in one job over the long term. A.Behavior modification B.Job enlargement C.Job enrichment D.Job rotation E.Flextime
D.Job rotation
Which term refers to the degree that an individual desires to perform a behavior? A.Need for affiliation B.Esteem need C.Hygiene factor D.Motivation strength E.Satisficing
D.Motivation strength
__________ is a strategy that managers can use to motivate organization members that involves designing jobs that organization members perform. a. Job rotation b. Job enlargement c. Job design d. Monetary compensation
c. Job design
In order to lessen the boredom that his employees feel, Steve is going to increase the number of parts each employee assembles to allow for more variety in the job. This is an example of which job design strategy? A.Job enlargement B.Positive reinforcement C.Flextime D.Behavior modification E.Monetary incentives
A.Job enlargement
According to the Porter-Lawler theory of motivation, the extent to which an individual accomplishes a task is determined by the __________. a. individual's perception of what is required to perform the task b. individual's behavior as influenced by his or her needs c. individual's perception of what others think of him or her d. individual's opinion of how others perform tasks
a. individual's perception of what is required to perform the task
Job rotation __________. a. is a job design strategy that states that adding activities to initial activities will increase an individual's satisfaction b. is a job design strategy that states that moving workers from job to job, rather than requiring them to perform only one simple job, will decrease boredom c. motivates employees to boost production by offering them shares of company stock as a benefit d. is a strategy that managers can use to motivate organization members that involves designing jobs that organization members perform
b. is a job design strategy that states that moving workers from job to job, rather than requiring them to perform only one simple job, will decrease boredom
__________ relates to the normal functioning of the body and includes the desires for water, food, rest, and sex. a. Esteem need b. Social need c. Security or safety need d. Physiological need
d. Physiological need
_________ theory is based on the premise that behavior will continue until the felt need has been significantly reduced. A.Likert's B.The needs-goal C.Equity D.The Porterdash-Lawler E.Expectancy
B.The needs-goal
Shannon, a marketing executive, compares his quarterly sales to those of others in his department. He feels demotivated when he realizes that he is rewarded less even though he puts in the same amount of effort as others. Which of the following theories explains Shannon's behavior? a. Equity theory b. Three-needs theory's need for power c. Maslow's lower-order needs d. McGregor's Theory X
a. Equity theory
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire for respect is known as __________. a. esteem need b. security or safety need c. physiological need d. social need
a. esteem need
McGregor's theories of motivation are based on __________. a. assumptions about human nature b. job design c. consequences of a behavior d. the hierarchy of needs
a. assumptions about human nature
The need for growth is a(n) __________. a. safety need b. esteem need c. self-actualization need d. social need
c. self-actualization need
According to Alderfer's ERG theory, the basic category of existence need reflects an individual's need for __________. a. physical well-being b. self-respect and respect from others c. continuing personal growth and development d. satisfying interpersonal relationships
a. physical well-being
Which of the following is a characteristic of the motivation process stressed by the Porter-Lawler theory? a. An individual's satisfaction is not influenced by the perceived fairness of a given reward. b. An individual's behavior is determined by the motivation to fulfill his or her personal needs. c. An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her perception of how others see him or her. d. An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her ability to perform a task.
d. An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her ability to perform a task.
Joel is a manager who assumes that all his subordinates will slack off and do a poor job unless they are monitored and punished for even small transgressions. Which of the following would best describe Joel's approach to employeemotivation? A.Needs-goal theory B.Theory Z C.Equity theory D.Theory X E.Theory Y
D.Theory X
Job enrichment is __________. a. the process of incorporating motivators into a job situation b. a way for workers to complete their job within a workweek of a normal number of hours that they arrange themselves c. a step to overcome job boredom by moving workers from job to job rather than requiring them to perform only one simple and specialized job over the long term d. when a manager increases the number of operations an individual performs
a. the process of incorporating motivators into a job situation
Shannon, a marketing executive, compares his quarterly sales to those of others in his department. He feels demotivated when he realizes that he is rewarded less even though he puts in the same amount of effort as others. Equity theory explains Shannon's behavior. The basis of equity theory is __________. a. a need for achievement b. that employees compare what they get from a job (outcomes) in relation to what they put into it (inputs), and then they compare their inputs-outcomes ratio with the inputs-outcomes ratios of relevant others c. an individual's basic needs like food and protection d. based on the assumption that individuals are not interested in or motivated to work
b. that employees compare what they get from a job (outcomes) in relation to what they put into it (inputs), and then they compare their inputs-outcomes ratio with the inputs-outcomes ratios of relevant others
According to McGregor's Theory Y, workers __________. a. who move from job to job, rather than performing only one simple and specialized job over the long term, are not bored b. exercise self-direction c. can be successful, depending upon the situation d. make negative assumptions about people
b. exercise self-direction
Which of the following is an example of a nonmonetary incentive? A.Stock bonuses B.Promotions from within the organization C.Lump sum bonuses D.Gainsharing E.Stock options
B.Promotions from within the organization
The behavior modification theory emphasizes which of the following? a. Behaviors are functions of their consequences. b. Perceived inequities of an employment situation lead to changes in behavior. c. Intrinsic reward is the perceived value of a reward that comes from performing the task and resulting in satisfaction. d. A need is transformed into behavior directed at supporting, or allowing, the performance of goal behavior to reduce the felt need.
a. Behaviors are functions of their consequences.
Douglas McGregor identified the assumption that employees will exercise self-direction and self-control in meeting theirobjectives, an idea known as _________. A.hygiene factors B.behavior modification C.Theory Z D.Theory Y E.Theory X
D.Theory Y
Alderfer's ERG theory found that a worker frustrated by his or her inability to satisfy an upper-level need might focus instead on fulfilling an already satisfied lower-level need. This is referred to as _________. A.the need for achievement B.a relatedness need C.a growth need D.the frustration-regression principle E.an existence need
D.the frustration-regression principle
In a marketing firm, workers are allowed to schedule the hours they start and end work as long as work is appropriately completed. This is an example of _______. A.flextime B.monetary incentives C.behavior modification D.Theory X E.job rotation
A.flextime
Paige wants to be a successful manager. She realizes that in order to be successful, she must _____ inappropriate behavior and _____ appropriate behavior among subordinates. A.minimize, maximize B.foster, reward C.encourage, downplay D.overlook, minimize E.reward, laugh-off
A.minimize, maximize
Kate gets significant enjoyment from interacting with her co-workers and feels she has strong interpersonal relationships with them. According to Alderfer's ERG Theory, this example involves Kate primarily fulfilling which need? A.Self-actualization need B.Relatedness need C.Existence need D.Esteem need E.Growth need
B.Relatedness need
According to Frederick Herzberg, factors that influence the degree of job satisfaction are called _________. A.autonomy factors B.motivators C.mastery factors D.influencers E.hygiene factors
B.motivators
The process theory of motivation is __________. a. based on the premise that felt needs cause human behavior b. an explanation of motivation that emphasizes the individual's perceived fairness of an employment situation and how perceived inequities can cause certain behaviors c. an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated d. a motivation model that hypothesizes that felt needs cause human behavior
c. an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated
