Exam 3 - Methods of Research

Megan wants to study bullying in high school. She randomly selected 1,000 students at a high school, and 400 students completed the survey. What is the response rate?

40%

The most commonly used value for confidence levels by social science researchers is

95%

In establishing causality, which of the following conditions, in practice, is the most challenging?

The relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable must not be caused by some other factor

The ______ refers to the probability that a confidence interval includes the population parameter

confidence level

When participants' identifying information is only accessible to members of the research team, this is called

confidentiality

Survey researchers must take care to protect respondents' ______. It is unrealistic and impractical for survey researchers to promise ______ to respondents.

confidentiality; anonymity

The ______ condition is a condition in an experiment where the independent variable is manipulated

experimental

Observations about the noise level in the household, how well the respondent understood the questions, and whether another family member was present are examples of

paradata

Biological responses to stimuli are known as ______ measures

physiological

Raul wants to conduct a study on interracial dating asking participants to read a description of a scenario and then answer questions about how they would react to the given situation. he would like the study to have high external validity. Which type of experiment would he choose?

population-based survey

The use of different types of research methods to study the same general research question is known as

triangulation

If you are interested in studying a city that has similar features to the average city in the United States, what type of case should you select?

typical

What is a strategy survey designers use for avoiding response set?

word some questions positively and others negatively

Dr. Nguyen is interested in better understanding which students at the University of Houston study abroad. Her target population is all

students at the university of houston

Lisa is analyzing the results of her pretest. What would indicate to her that a question needs revision?

the cognitive interview showed that the question was confusing

______ is an example of an omnibus survey.

the general social survey (GSS)

Which best explains why the literary digest poll failed to predict the winner of the 1936 presidential election?

the sample didn't represent the American population

Jasmine is doing research on poor single mothers. For which question is leaving the response open-ended most appropriate?

What kinds of assistance do you think the government can provide that does not currently exist?

George is researching the relationship between racial animosity and political preference. However, he tells his subjects that his study is about undergraduate political party preferences, which is false. This false reason for participation in an experiment is known as

a cover story

Mary is a researcher studying sexual harassment. What can she use to make the face-to-face interview setting more comfortable when discussing this topic?

audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI) technology

Which of the guidelines below needs to be considered by the writer of this question: "Should loving soon-to-be mothers take prenatal vitamins?"

avoid leading questions

Dr. Luther has accessed a list of all public elementary schools in the state of California. He randomly selects 20 schools from the list and then randomly selects 100 students at each school to survey. What type of sampling method had Dr. Luther used?

cluster

This figure depicts three different ways to draw a probability sample of 12 from six-person groups. Which type of sampling is illustrated from top to bottom of the figure? *figure

cluster sampling; stratified sampling; simple random sampling

A document that lists all variables in a survey and provides information about each variable, including question and response categories, is called a(n)

codebook

Julio needs to collect data for his senior honors thesis and has decided to administer surveys to 500 students who are currently enrolled in an introductory sociology course at his college. Julio's sample is a good example of a ______ sample

convenience

Johann took part in a study that he was told initially was about test-taking strategies. After the experiment was over, he was surprised to learn that the actual purpose of the experiment was to determine whether exposure to negative racial stereotypes causes changes in test performance. The interview after the study when Johann was informed of the actual purpose of the experiment is known as the

debriefing

Megan is collecting data for a research project. She has decided to increase her sample size from 500 participants to 1,000 participants. As her sample size increases, her sampling error ______ and her margin of error ______

decreases; decreases

A question that asks about two or more ideas or concepts in a single question is known as a(n) ______ question

double-barreled

______ refers to the extent to which the conclusions drawn from a study generalize to a larger population or to a different setting

external validity

Raj is interested in the impact of race and social class on interactions with the police. He has created a factorial design experiment. What is a characteristic of this experiment?

his study has two independent variables - race and social class

The degree to which a study establishes a causal effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is known as

internal validity

What is a characteristic of a natural experiment?

is it more observational than a true experiment

The ______ experiment is the most common type of experiment.

laboratory

An experiment in which the independent variable is manipulated by "nature", not by the experimenter, is known as a ______ experiment.

natural

Lisa wants to survey mothers and examine the kinds of attitude changes about mothering that occur as their children grow older. Which type of survey would be best suited for this research?

panel

Compared to behavioral measures, what is a characteristic of an attitudinal measure?

researchers prefer attitudinal measures when they are interested in understanding why an outcome occurs

Jamal wants to study racial representations on children's tv shows. He has made a list of every tv show that aired on Nick Jr. from 2000 to 2015. This list of tv shows is the _______ he will use to draw a probability sample.

sampling frame

Jenna is conducting a study on gender bias in hiring. She has recruited participants to evaluate job applications. What is an effective way to manipulate the independent variable?

she can randomly put common women's names and common men's names on similarly qualified applications

What is this figure an example of? *figure

skip pattern

A survey in which a randomly selected subset of respondents, typically 50% of those persons selected to participate in the survey, receives one topical module while the other 50% receives a different topical ballot is called a(n) ______ design

split-ballot