Exam 3 Practice Area - Lymphatic

Masses of lymphoid tissue within a lymph node. A) lymphoid follicles B) subcapsular sinuses C) aggregated lymphoid nodules D) white pulp E) trabeculae

A) lymphoid follicles

Allowing small children to be exposed to some dirt is one way of imparting A) naturally acquired active immunity. B) naturally acquired passive immunity. C) artificially induced passive immunity. D) artificially induced active immunity. E) innate (nonspecific) immunity.

A) naturally acquired active immunity.

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________. A) plasma cells B) lymph nodes C) T lymphocytes D) medullary cords

A) plasma cells

The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from the: A) right arm. B) right leg. C) left arm. D) left leg.

A) right arm.

Which acts as first line of defense against pathogens? A) skin B) lymphocytes C) macrophages D) inflammation

A) skin

Lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of emptying into the A) subclavian veins. B) right lymphatic duct. C) dural sinus. D) inferior vena cava. E) superior vena cava.

A) subclavian veins.

Although B and T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow, T cells mature in the ________. A) thymus B) appendix C) spleen D) tonsils

A) thymus

Which of the following lymphoid organs functions at peak level during youth? A) thymus B) tonsils C) spleen D) lymph nodes E) Peyer's patches

A) thymus

What mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) traps pathogens entering the nasal and oral cavities? A) tonsils B) appendix C) lymph nodes D) Peyer's patches

A) tonsils

________ are clusters of lymphoid nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the intestines. A) Adenoids B) Peyer patches C) Palatine tonsils D) Vermiform appendices E) Lingual tonsils

B) Peyer patches

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of ________. A) plasma cells B) T cells C) B cells D) antibodies E) antigen-presenting cells

B) T cells

Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only when A) a virus-infected cell secretes interferons. B) an antigen-presenting cell has engulfed and is processing an antigen. C) the body cells are healthy. D) a cancerous cell gets attacked by NK cells. E) a helper T cell has engulfed an antigen.

B) an antigen-presenting cell has engulfed and is processing an antigen.

What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue? A) a xenograft B) an autograft C) a graft from a recently deceased individuals D) an allograft E) a graft from another primate

B) an autograft

Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses? A) fever B) antibody production C) natural killer cells D) the inflammatory response E) intact skin

B) antibody production

Elevated levels of neutrophils indicate: A) viral infection. B) bacterial infection. C) normal condition. D) cancer.

B) bacterial infection.

Membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this is a result of ________. A) natural killer cells B) complement fixation C) interferon D) keratin E) phagocytes

B) complement fixation

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except A) basement membranes. B) complement. C) body hair. D) secretions. E) epithelium.

B) complement.

The role of the spleen is slightly different from other lymph organs because it A) contains lymphocytes. B) filters blood. C) produces memory cells. D) produces antibodies. E) filters lymph.

B) filters blood.

What type of immunity exists even in the absence of a stimulus? A) adaptive immunity B) innate immunity C) specific immunity D) cell-mediated immunity

B) innate immunity

Interferons A) reduce macrophage chemotaxis to the infection. B) interfere with viral replication. C) bind to viruses and destroy them. D) prevent viruses from leaving a cell. E) prevent viruses from entering a cell.

B) interfere with viral replication.

Set of lymphatic capillaries that collect fat-laden fluids from the intestinal tract. A) bronchomediastinal trunks B) lacteals C) subclavian trunks E) intestinal trunk F) lumbar trunks

B) lacteals

Which are the primary cells of the lymphatic system? A) phagocytes B) lymphocytes C) pyrogens D) lymph nodes E) mast cells

B) lymphocytes

Which of the following would be a component of the body's first line of defense? A) inflammation B) mucous membranes C) natural killer cells D) phagocytes

B) mucous membranes

Which of the following are harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body? A) antibodies B) pathogens C) allergens D) macrophages

B) pathogens

What protein, released by cytotoxic T (T C) cells, perforates a target cell's plasma membrane so that enzymes can enter and fragment the target cell's DNA? A) interleukins B) perforins C) cytokines D) interferons

B) perforins

All of the following are characteristics of adaptive defenses except memory. A) specificity. B) present at birth. C) versatility. D) tolerance.

B) present at birth.

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? A) plasma proteins B) red blood cells C) ions D) water

B) red blood cells

Leslie has a severe sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that A) lymph is not flowing consistently through these lymph nodes. B) the lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes. C) the lymph nodes have increased their secretion of thymosin. D) the lymph nodes are actively producing phagocytes. E) the focus of the infection is the lymph nodes.

B) the lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the A) cisterna chyli. B) thoracic duct. C) dural sinus. D) right lymphatic duct. E) hepatic portal vein.

B) thoracic duct.

T cells gain immunocompetence in this lymphoid organ. A) lymph nodes B) thymus C) spleen—white pulp D) spleen—red pulp E) tonsils

B) thymus

T is to ________ as B is to ________. A) top; bottom B) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived C) thyroid; bowel D) non-thymus-dependent; bottom E) trabeculae; bursa

B) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

The lymphatic system does all of the following except A) transports lipids from the digestive tract. B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. D) helps maintain normal blood volume. E) fights infection.

B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

Lymphatic vessels begin in peripheral tissues and ultimately drain into A) peripheral capillary beds. B) veins. C) arterioles. D) arteries. E) the kidneys.

B) veins.

In the spleen, lymphoid tissue is confined to the A) trabeculae. B) white pulp. C) hilus. D) red pulp.

B) white pulp.

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. A) The two main types are T cells and macrophages. B) T cells are the precursors of B cells. C) B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood. D) T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue.

C) B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and are involved in allergic reactions are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.

C) IgE.

The group of lymphoid stem cells that migrates to the thymus and divides repeatedly produces which type(s) of lymphocytes? A) T cells and B cells B) B cells and NK cells C) T cells D) NK cells E) B cells

C) T cells

The cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the A) plasma cells. B) B lymphocytes. C) T lymphocytes. D) suppressor T lymphocytes.

C) T lymphocytes.

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. A) Thymus glands B) Complements C) Peyer patches D) Lymph nodes C) Tonsils

C) Tonsils

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________. A) fever B) dehydration C) acute inflammation D) edema

C) acute inflammation

The clumping of red blood cells, which occurs when incompatible blood types are mixed, is an example of A) opsonization. B) sensitization. C) agglutination. D) precipitation. E) immunological surveillance.

C) agglutination.

A substance that provokes an immune response is called an A) antibody. B) immunoglobulin. C) antigen. D) antihistamine. E) allopath.

C) antigen.

Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell? A) cytotoxic B) helper C) antigenic D) regulatory

C) antigenic

The spleen is A) wedged between the pancreas, the left kidney, and the diaphragm. B) posterolateral to the liver. C) attached to the lateral border of the stomach. D) embedded within the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. E) medial to the stomach and just inferior to the diaphragm.

C) attached to the lateral border of the stomach.

The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________. A) cellular immunity (cellular-mediated immunity) B) diapedesis C) complement fixation D) positive chemotaxis

C) complement fixation

The ability of certain phagocytes to move through the wall of a capillary is called A) necrosis. B) inflammation. C) diapedesis. D) chemotaxis. E) immunological escape.

C) diapedesis.

What small proteins are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected? A) haptens B) antigens C) interferons D) pyrogens

C) interferons

Set of lymphatic capillaries that collect fat-laden fluids from the intestinal tract. A) bronchomediastinal trunks B) subclavian trunks C) lacteals D) intestinal trunk E) lumbar trunks

C) lacteals

________ are structures comprised of endothelial cells separated by flaplike minivalves, which open as fluid accumulates in peripheral tissue. A) cisterna chyli. B) blood capillaries. C) lymph capillaries. D) thoracic ducts. E) lymph nodes.

C) lymph capillaries.

Fluids that have escaped the cardiovascular system are picked up by the ________. A) endocrine system B) respiratory system C) lymphatic system D) immune system

C) lymphatic system

Lymphoid nodules, such as the appendix, are composed of loose connective tissue containing densely packed A) basophils. B) spleens. C) lymphocytes. D) Peyer patches. E) neutrophils.

C) lymphocytes.

What cells play an extensive role as phagocytes in the eradication of bacteria? A) basophils B) memory B cells C) neutrophils D) eosinophils

C) neutrophils

NK cells secrete ________, which kills an abnormal cell by creating large pores in its plasma membrane. A) histamine B) pyrogen C) perforin D) heparin E) pus

C) perforin

Which of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system? A) production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins B) blocking the action of histamine C) production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes D) circulation of nutrients E) circulation of hormones

C) production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes

One method by which cytotoxic T cells destroy their target cells is by releasing substances that A) increase protein production. B) produce memory T cells. C) rupture cell membranes. D) suppress the antigen recognition process. E) enhance ribosomal activities.

C) rupture cell membranes.

What of the following should NOT elicit an immune response in your own body? A) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules bound to antigens B) immunogens C) self antigens D) haptens bound with a protein carrier

C) self antigens

What is the region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody? A) regional or R region B) stable or S region C) variable or V region D) constant or C region

C) variable or V region

Which of the following is a non-phagocytic cell? A) neutrophil B) eosinophil C) macrophage D) basophil

D) basophil

Which portion of the antibody's structure determines the antibody's class? A) light chain B) variable region C) disulfide bonds D) constant region E) heavy chain

D) constant region

The movement of phagocytes through the capillary wall is called A) diffusion. B) adherens. C) transcytosis. D) diapedesis. E) chemotaxis.

D) diapedesis.

Lymph leaves a lymph node via? A) the cortical lymph sinus. B) the subcapsular sinus. C) afferent lymphatic vessels. D) efferent lymphatic vessels.

D) efferent lymphatic vessels.

All lymph flows in a one-way system toward the ________. A) liver B) pancreas C) spleen D) heart

D) heart

Which system is a functional system, not an organ system in the anatomical sense, that consists of innate and adaptive defense mechanisms? A) endocrine system B) cardiovascular system C) respiratory system D) immune system E) lymphatic system

D) immune system

T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered ________. A) complement B) self-tolerant C) clones D) immunocompetent

D) immunocompetent

Small secondary lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed ________. A) lymphatics B) lacteals C) lymph follicles D) lymph nodes

D) lymph nodes

Fluids that have escaped the cardiovascular system are picked up by the ________. A) respiratory system B) immune system C) endocrine system D) lymphatic system

D) lymphatic system

An inflammatory response is triggered when A) blood flow to an area increases. B) red blood cells release pyrogens. C) neutrophils phagocytize bacteria. D) mast cells release granules containing histamine. E) T lymphocytes release interferon.

D) mast cells release granules containing histamine.

Which is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity? A) humoral immunity B) cell-mediated immunity C) acquired immunity D) nonspecific immunity

D) nonspecific immunity

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________. A) cellular or cell-mediated immunity B) active immunity C) natural immunity D) passive immunity

D) passive immunity

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies? A) neutralization B) agglutination C) opsonization D) phagocytosis

D) phagocytosis

T cells and B cells destroy one antigen without affecting other antigens or normal tissues, this is termed A) tolerance. B) versatility. C) memory. D) specificity. E) antigen processing.

D) specificity.

A vaccine is effective because ________. A) B-lymphocytes are unable to mount an immune response the first B) time they are exposed to a new pathogen C) the vaccine contains the lymphocytes necessary to fight infection D) the secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response E) the vaccine contains the antibodies necessary to fight infection

D) the secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response

Which lymphoid organ is required for the selection of a functional population of T lymphocytes (T cells) for the immune system? A) tonsil B) thyroid gland C) liver D) thymus

D) thymus

Lymphoid tissues include A) bone marrow. B) spleen. C) lymph nodes. D) thymus. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Anti-A and Anti-B blood typing antibodies are of which class? A) IgE B) IgG C) IgA D) IgD E) IgM

E) IgM

Which property of immunity exists when the plasma membrane of each T cell and B cell has receptors that will bind only one particular type of antigen, ignoring all other types of antigens? A) innate immunity B) versatility C) tolerance D) memory E) specificity

E) Specificity

Lymphatic vessels, which exit the lymph node and carry the lymph toward the venous system, are called A) lacteals. B) afferent lymphatic vessels. C) lymphatic trunks. D) lymphatic ducts. E) efferent lymphatic vessels.

E) efferent lymphatic vessels.

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity. A) natural passive B) auto C) passive D) active E) innate

E) innate

Within a lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph? A) erythrocytes B) trabeculae C) lymphocytes D) follicles E) macrophages

E) macrophages

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. A) artificially acquired active B) artificially acquired passive C) innate D) naturally acquired passive E) naturally acquired active

E) naturally acquired active

The process by which antibodies bind to antigenic sites on viruses or toxins, rendering them incapable of binding to other cells, is called A) opsonization. B) activation. C) agglutination. D) precipitation. E) neutralization.

E) neutralization.

The largest lymphoid organ is the A) thymus. B) Peyer's patch. C) aggregated lymphoid nodule. D) palatine tonsil. E) spleen

E) spleen

Lymph fluid enters the venous circulation via the A) superior and inferior vena cava. B) right atrium. C) brachiocephalic trunks. D)jugular veins. E) subclavian veins.

E) subclavian veins.

Duct of the lymphatic system that drains the body's entire lower half. A) intestinal trunk B) right lymphatic duct C) lumbar trunk D) bronchomediastinal trunk E) thoracic duct

E) thoracic duct

After receiving a blood transfusion, a patient develops signs indicating a cross reaction between incompatible blood types. Which class of immunoglobulins is responsible for these signs? A) IgM B) IgG C) IgA D) IgE E) IgD

A) IgM

Which of the following is NOT a function of macrophages? A) Macrophages activate T lymphocytes (T cells). B) Macrophages serve as antigen-presenting cells. C) Macrophages secrete substances onto pathogens that are too large to ingest. D) Macrophages kill ingested pathogens with chemicals.

A) Macrophages activate T lymphocytes (T cells).

________ enable the immune system to launch a faster, stronger response to a previously encountered antigen. A) Memory cells B) Helper T cells C) NK cells D) Pathogenic cells E) Plasma cells

A) Memory cells

________ are the precursor cells of macrophages. A) Monocytes B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Neutrophils E) Lymphocytes

A) Monocytes

Passive immunity is a type of ________ immunity. A) adaptive B) innate

A) adaptive

The complement system works closely with and complements the action of A) antibodies. B) interferons. C) pyrogens. D) phagocytes. E) microphages.

A) antibodies.

A virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies against the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to combat an infection by the same virus. This would be an example of A) artificially induced passive immunity. B) naturally acquired passive immunity. C) artificially induced active immunity. D) innate immunity. E) naturally acquired active immunity.

A) artificially induced passive immunity.

What type of non-phagocytic cell mediates inflammation? A) basophil B) neutrophil C) eosinophil D) natural killer (NK) cell

A) basophil

B cells develop and mature in the: A) bone marrow. B) thymus. C) lymph nodes. D) liver.

A) bone marrow.

The thymus is most active during ________. A) childhood B) old age C) fetal development D) middle age

A) childhood

Surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the: A) first line of defense. B) second line of defense. C) third line of defense. D) fourth line of defense.

A) first line of defense.

What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells? A) interferons B) membrane-attack complexes (MAC) C) keratin D) pyrogens E) complement

A) interferons

Fluid found in lymphatic vessels is known as: A) lymph. B) interstitial fluid. C) intracellular fluid. D) plasma.

A) lymph.

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of lymph? A) lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts B) lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks C) lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillaries D) lymphatic ducts to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic capillaries

A) lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts

What vessels pick up excess extracellular fluid in the interstitial space and return it to circulation? A) lymphatic vessels B) jugular veins C) coronary arteries D) pulmonary veins

A) lymphatic vessels

What mediates the adaptive defense system (specific defense system)? A) lymphocytes B) pathogens C) mucous membranes D) antigens

A) lymphocytes