Exam 3-PSYC

_____ are produced by the adrenal glands and work as neurotransmitters to stimulate activity at the synapses in the sympathetic nervous system.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

_____ is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, while _____ is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Glutamate; GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

_____ refers to the process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensations.

Perception

There is a dance event going on with students attending from two different elementary schools. Students from one school are wearing purple shirts and students from the other school are wearing silver shirts. Imagine that the students in the purple represent potassium ions and the students in silver represent sodium ions, while the gymnasium represents the neuron. If their distribution is similar to what occurs at the resting potential for a neuron, which students would be moving in and out through the gym doors MOST often?

The students in the purple shirts would be moving through the doors most often.

Uma and a classmate are studying the parts of a typical neuron. She is trying to memorize the terminology but is having trouble with the axon. Her classmate reminds her that the end of the axon looks like branches, and that is where the _____ is/are located.

axon terminals

A hunter in a South American jungle uses the poisonous drug curare on the tip of his arrow. When the arrow strikes an animal, the animal becomes almost instantly limp and quickly suffocates because its respiratory system has become paralyzed. The drug has _____ the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

blocked the receptors for

The central nervous system is protected by _____, which is(are) found in the cavities in the brain called ventricles.

cerebrospinal fluid

Which receptor cells MOST directly enable people to distinguish between different wavelengths of light?

cones

In order for an action potential to begin, the neuron must:

depolarize

Sensation is to _____ as perception is to _____.

detection, interpretation

_____ is the neurotransmitter that regulates motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal.

dopamine

Naturally occurring, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called:

endorphins

These chemical messengers are usually secreted into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands; endorphins are one example.

hormones

When you blink your eyes, thousands of _____ fire.

motor neurons

Marlee has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). As the disease progresses, communication to some of her muscles may slow down, and she could lose some muscle control as a result of the degeneration of the:

myelin sheath

Wesley is studying for his final exam in psychology. The chapter on biology and behavior has a lot of terms to remember. He thinks he can remember the nodes of Ranvier because he has a clear mental image of the gaps between the segments of the _____ on axons.

myelin sheath

Dr. Gadhuri studies the physiology of the brain but spends little time looking at behavior. Dr. Gadhuri is MOST likely a:

neuroscientist

The optic nerves from the two eyes intersect at a place in the brain called the:

optic chiasm

If a neuron was compared with a prison, the sodium ions could be compared with the _____ when the neuron is at the resting potential.

prisoners

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter involved in:

producing muscle contractions, learning, and memory.

The _____ is the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's membrane.

resting potential

Jorge cannot feel his left leg after being struck by a car, but he can still move it and walk on it. It is MOST likely that he damaged his _____, but his motor neurons are still intact.

sensory neurons

In response to an exam question, Leilani accurately draws a picture of a neuron and indicates the sequence of events that are typically involved when a neuron communicates. She notes that information is carried from:

the dendrites to the cell body and then along the axon to the axon terminals and the synapse.

An automatic reflex, such as a knee jerk or withdrawing a hand from a flame, involves:

the spinal cord