Exam 3 Questions

large surveys indicate that In general a. 80% of people are quite happy b. wealthier people are less happy c. people are happier if they are wealthier d. around 20% of the population is truly happy

a. 80% of people are quite happy

one recommendation to be happier is to stop doing counterproductive things. this includes the following behaviors: a. abusing drugs, trying to be perfect, and setting impossible goals b. worrying about anything and everything, and setting impossible goals c. setting realistic and attainable goals

a. abusing drugs, trying to be perfect, and setting impossible goals

one technique for improving the ability of an eyewitness to remember important information accurately is to ask the eye witness to report everything they can remember, possibly from different perspectives or in different orders. this approach is known as.... a. cognitive interview b. confabulation c. a regulatory focus d. a memory dump

a. cognitive interview

part of what makes a group entative is the similar philosophical an political values, i.e, ..... , of its members. a. ideology b. norms c. traditions d. personal identity

a. ideology

participants in one study were asked to list their material possessions and how much they enjoyed or wanted each of these items. they were also asked to rate their life satisfaction. results support which of the following? a. it is equally important to want what you have and have what you want b. its important to want what you have c. it is important to have what you want

a. it is equally important to want what you have and have what you want

When people work on relatively simple, well known tasks, an audience.... a. may improve performance for most people b. cause performance to suffer for most people c. will cause performance to suffer for introverts but not extroverts

a. may improve performance for most people

individuals who join groups because they seek to help others an increase their understanding of others are generally motivated by... a. self-transcendence b. self-enhancement c. collective effort

a. self-transcendence

according to the general aggression model, there are two broad categories of variables that influence aggressive behavior: ..... and ...... a. situational factors; personal factors b. personal factors; displacement factors c. type a factors; type b factors

a. situational factors; personal factors

ones position or rank within a group is one's.... a. status b. norm c. situation authority

a. status

a leading question is one....] a. that is intended to elicit a specific response b. that is intended to surprise the jury c. that is intended to encourage a voir dire d. that is intended to confuse a witness

a. that is intended to elicit a specific response

a behavioral pattern in which one person is chosen as the target of repeated aggression by one or more others is known as.... a. provocation b. bullying c. frustration aggression

b. bullying

cohesiveness consists of.... a. all the benefits of grop membership minus all the costs of group membership b. all the factors that cause group members to remain members of the group c. all the factors within the group that work to minimize conflict between members

b. all the factors that cause group members to remain members of the group

the type A behavior.... a. consists primarily of instrumental aggressiveness and time urgency b. consists primarily of high levels of competitiveness, hostility, and time urgency c. consists primarily of low levels of competitiveness, time urgency, and hostility

b. consists primarily of high levels of competitiveness, hostility, and time urgency

After watching vivid scenes of violent pornography, individuals become hardened or.... to the pain and suffering of others. a. embittered b. desensitized c. emboldned d. unaware

b. desensitized

according to your text, the single most important thing you can do to increase your level of happiness is... a. experience positive feelings more frequently b. develop and maintain good relationships c. wanting what you already have d.get rid of negative thoughts

b. develop and maintain good relationships

According to Zajoc's drive theory of social facilitation, an audience increases our level of physiological arousal. this, in turn, increases the likelihood that...... a. social responses will occur b. dominant responses will occur c. no dominant responses will occur

b. dominant responses will occur

procedural justice involves... a. individuals judgements about whether the rewards they receive are the same as the rewards received by other individuals b. individuals judgements concerning the fairness of the procedures used to distribute available rewards among group members c. individuals judgements about the individuals who decide which group members receive rewards the was in which those rewards are represented

b. individuals judgements concerning the fairness of the procedures used to distribute available rewards among group members

an attractive defendant has... of being convicted in a criminal case, all other factors being equal. a. a greater probability b. an equal probability c. a lesser probability

c. a lesser probability

social loafing is.... a. an increase in motivation and effort when people work in a group b. a reward for being part of a cohesive group c. a reduction in motivation and effort when people work in a group

c. a reduction in motivation and effort when people work in a group

behavior that is intended to harm another is known as... a. type b behavior b. type a behavior c. aggression d. frustration

c. aggression

Generativity is.... a. a combination of dispositional factors correlated with prosocial and altruistic behaviors b. the motivation for prosocial behavior that is caused by positive emotions experienced by a helper c. an adults concern for and commitment to the well-being of future generations

c. an adults concern for and commitment to the well-being of future generations

workplace aggression includes.... a. hostile verbal or nonverbal behavior that is directed towards subordinates b. only those forms of aggressive behavior that are intended to achieve some particular goal c. any form of behavior by which individuals seek to harm others in the workplace

c. any form of behavior by which individuals seek to harm others in the workplace

sexual jealousy is particularly powerful determinant of aggression...... a. in cosmopolitan societies b. in all cultures equally c. in cultures of honor

c. in cultures of honor

exposure to violence on tv or in movies has been shown to.... a. increase aggressive behavior for short itme only b. decrease aggressive behavior because of the catharsis effect c. increase the portability of aggressive behavior in people who watch them

c. increase the portability of aggressive behavior in people who watch them

chronic exposure to stressful situations may affect our health by.... a. decreasing levels of cortisol c. increasing the attention and effort devoted to health related behaviors c. interfering with immune systems functioning

c. interfering with immune systems functioning

instrumental aggression.... a. is more common among type b personalities b. occurs when the primary objective is to inflict harm on another individual or group c. is sometimes useful in achieving a particular goal or objective

c. is sometimes useful in achieving a particular goal or objective

police personnel who attempt to establish the gilt or innocence of a defendant are pursuing.... a. an adjunctive approach b. a uniform approach c. an inquisitorial approach d. an adversarial approach

d. an adversarial approach

David sees a honeless person and thinks that "this guy has no one to blame but himself" Thus David appears to believe that this homeless man's misfortunes are....... a. the end result of chance factors b. tied to external factors c. uncontrollable d. controllable

d. controllable

Behavior that is motivated by an unselfish concern for the welfare of others is known as.... a. self-interest b. reciprocal prosocial behavior c. kin selection d. heroism e. altruism

e. altruism

norms are... a. the rules within a group that indicate how its members should or should not behave b. the rules that specify how a group is to become cohesive c. ones position or rank within a group

a. the rules within a group that indicate how its members should or should not behave

police sometimes use a technique for obtaining a confession from a suspect that involves minimizing the seriousness of the charge, blaming the victim, and minimizing the strength of the evidence. this technique is based on.... a. conformity b. ingratiation c. individuation d. the deadline technique

b. ingratiation

because of its negative effects on health we should.... a. learn to ignore individuals and situations that provoke stress b. learn how to effectively cope with stress c. minimize the amount of stress we experience by avoiding all sources of stress d. take 20 minute power naps

b. learn how to effectively cope with stress

Children who watch tv shows that depict prosocial themes are.... a. less likely to help in other situations b. more likely to help in other situations c. neither more or less likely to help in other situations

b. more likely to help in other situations

Bandura's social learning perspective on aggression suggest that.... a. frustration cause the activation of fighting instincts b. people acquire their aggressive behaviors from direct experiences or form observing aggressive models c. people are born with aggressive tendencies which are displayed in some social settings

b. people acquire their aggressive behaviors from direct experiences or form observing aggressive models

when individuals are part of a large crowd, they tend... a. to act as if they were in a much smaller group b. to lose their individuality c. to do the same things when alone

b. to lose their individuality

Belief in a just world involves.... a. perceptions that people sometimes need assistance in overcoming obstacles and that people are basically good and worthy of our help b. perception that people tend to get what they deserve over the long run, and their their help will benefit the person who receives assistance c. perceptions that the world is fair and predictable and that good behavior is rewarded while bad behavior is punished

c. perceptions that the world is fair and predictable and that good behavior is rewarded while bad behavior is punished

two aspects of empathy are..... and ...... a. taking another persons perspective; mistrust other people b. sympathizing with other people; the presence of aggressive tendencies c. taking another person's perspective; sympathizing with another person

c. taking another person's perspective; sympathizing with another person

the idea that providing angry persons with an opportunity to express their aggressive impulses in relatively safe ways will lead to reduction in their tendencies to engage in more harmful kinds of aggression is.... a. the displacement theory b. the drive theory c. the catharsis hypothesis

c. the catharsis hypothesis

entitativity refers to.... a. the collection of goals and outcomes that is common to al group members b. the extent to which group members are similar to one another in meaningful ways c. the extent to which a group is perceived as being a coherent entity

c. the extent to which a group is perceived as being a coherent entity

Moral hypocrisy.... a. an adults concern for and commitment to the well-being of future generations b. the motivation to be moral and actually engage in moral behavior c. the motivation to appear moral while attempting to avoid the costs involved in being moral

c. the motivation to appear moral while attempting to avoid the costs involved in being moral

The idea that we sometimes engage in helping behaviors to reduce negative emotions that we might be experiencing from any cause is known as.... \ a. empathic joy hypothesis b. reciprocal altruism c. the negative state relief model d. implicit bystander effect

c. the negative state relief model

The bystander effect is.... a. helpful action that benefits others without necessarily providing direct benefit to the bystanders b. the relatively equal sharing of responsibility to help by all of the bystanders present during an emergency c. the observation that the probability of a prosocial response to an emergency is influenced by the number of bystanders present

c. the observation that the probability of a prosocial response to an emergency is influenced by the number of bystanders present

according to recent research by Sani and Todman (2003) group splinter when current members perceive that the group has changed so much that is no longer the same group they joined and that.... a. there is no chance of accelerating the change that has occurred b. the change is not detrimental to group cohesiveness c. there is no chance in reversing the change that has occurred

c. there is no chance in reversing the change that has occurred

selective altruism occurs when we.... a. when we help other people without necessarily receiving any direct benefit from the help ourselves b. help others in order to reduce our own uncomfortable negative emotions c. help others in order to experience positive emotions as a result of having helped someone else d. choose to help only one individual from a large group of individuals in need.

d. choose to help only one individual from a large group of individuals in need.

When asked to donate a substantial amount of money to either new homeless shelter being built in her town or an expansion for the local animal shelter, sue's first impulse is to ask what she will receive in return. This represents her concern for.... a. her generativity b. her locus of control c. her self-esteem d. her self-interest

d. her self-interest

Angela tells her friends that the reason she volunteers is that it "makes me feel better about myself" for Angela, volunteering serves a .... function. a. values b. understanding c. social d. self-enhancment

d. self-enhancement

one potential source of error for eye witness accounts of a crime stems from the leading questions sometimes used by attorneys or police officers. a leading question may influence an eye witness account because of the witness's.... a. contamination b. conformity c. source monitoring d. suggestibility

d. suggestibility

the idea the physiological arousal produced in one situation can persist and intensify emotional responses in a different situation is known as.... a. the hostile attributional bias b. the catharsis hypothesis c. the provocation theory d. the excitation transfer theory

d. the excitation transfer theory

Aftering seeing a motion micture where the lead character is tragically killed, Sharon feels a deep amount of sorrow for him. this is an example of.... a. the feeling sympathetic process b. the self-interest perspective c. the "imagine-self" perspective d. the fantasy perspective

d. the fantasy perspective

the idea that our evolutionary history is one of necessary reliance on each other for collective action and information sharing is called.... a. genetic programming b. group sharing c. group cooperation d.obligatory interdependence

d.obligatory interdependence