Exam 3 Questions psychology

Daniel's pet turtle Bugsy died last week, and even though he buried it in the yard with his dad, he knows that Bugsy comes out every night to have a snack on his favorite leaves in the garden. Then Bugsy goes back to sleep before the sun comes up.How old is Daniel? a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10

a. 4

A group of ten parents who lost a child to some form of sudden or violent death is meeting to mark the one-year anniversary of their losses. How many of these parents have come to terms and see meaning in their child's death? a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 7

a. 1

In one US state, 3,000 babies were delivered in one year. About how many of them died in infancy? a. 19 b. 47 c. 76 d. 122

a. 19

At what age does an infant's social bonding signal shift from being an automatic reaction to demonstrating a sense of recognition? a. 3 weeks b. 5 weeks c. 8 weeks d. 10 weeks

a. 3 weeks

Which of the following reflects the concept of gender? a. a man being stocky and muscular b. a boy having a penis c. a girl wearing pink dresses d. a woman having a vagina

c. a girl wearing pink dresses

From a developmental perspective, a woman becoming a widow is ________. a. a source of emotional havoc b. a relatively unlikely event c. a normal step in life's journey d. a step toward generativity

c. a normal step in life's journey

Now that he's older, Hassan's opinions on moral issues are a little more rational than when he was younger. He's not cold and calculating, but he's also not overly swayed by emotion. A biological perspective on the dual-process model would say that this reflects more integration of Hassan's ________. a. temporal lobe and hippocampus b. corpus callosum and amygdala c. amygdala and prefrontal cortex d. prefrontal cortex and thalamus

c. amygdala and prefrontal cortex

According to Piaget, which rule would be considered important by a six-year-old child? a. "Tell the truth." b. "Sit up straight." c. both rules equally d. neither rule

c. both rules equally

The fact that babies display a specific temperament from the moment they are born demonstrates the role of ________ in personality. a. genetics b. culture c. environment d. fit

a. genetics

Which of the following reflects a value judgment? a. characteristic adaptation b. self-esteem c. narrative identity d. temperament

b. self-esteem

Who has a bigger list of friends to send birthday greetings to? a. Rachel, who is 24 b. Marcus, who is 36 c. Tenisha, who is 48 d. Armin, who is 61

a. Rachel, who is 24

Which of the following terms best reflects the grief work perspective regarding people's approaches to bereavement? a. judgement b. biological c. neutral d. cultural

a. judgement

Miguel is president of the student council and captain of the lacrosse team at school. Which of the following likely played a key role in Miguel's leadership profile in school? a. agency b. systematization c. communality d. aggression

a. agency

Miguel did not want to face months of treatment side effects and pain from a disease that he knew would kill him, so he asked a doctor to prescribe him a lethal dose of sedatives. Miguel took them with his family close by and died peacefully on his own terms.Which term best reflects Miguel's death? a. assisted suicide b. passive euthanasia c. involuntary manslaughter d. active euthanasia

a. assisted suicide

Xavier has recently joined a clique of guys who like video games and technology. They hang out together on their own and trade scores and talk about things like self-driving cars and home robots. What grade is Xavier in? a. fifth b. seventh c. ninth d. eleventh

a. fifth

Which of the following would be presented as an example in support of the gender similarities hypothesis in males and females? a. physical activity b. self-perceptions c. spatial ability d. verbal tasks

a. physical activity

Which of the following concepts is applicable to Kohlberg's preconventional, conventional, and postconventional stages? a. rationale b. consequence c. empathy d. observation

a. rationale

Baby Madison has recently developed an attachment to her mom. Which of the following does this relationship NOT offer to Madison? a. stimulation b. safety c. solace d. affection

a. stimulation

In terms of her identity as an Asian American, developmental psychologists would consider Thuy to be in the foreclosure status.How old is Thuy? a. 4 b. 9 c. 16 d. 19

b. 9

Lionel participated in a research project in college to determine his ranking on the Big Five personality dimensions. Now in his 50s, Lionel recently completed the same research tests.What was the correlation between Lionel's two scores on the dimension of agreeableness? a. −.38 b. +.64 c. +.96 d. −.17

b. +.64

Hector has begun to depend less on his mom and dad for support and is becoming more interested in friends. How old is Hector? a. 3 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10

b. 6

Emerine works as a nurse at a hospice center. She enjoys providing care to the residents, though she does find it hard sometimes to say a final goodbye to people she has come to know. What is the longest period that Emerine can care for someone at the facility? a. 9 months b. 6 months c. 3 months d. 6 weeks

b. 6 months

Compared to historical perspectives, which term best reflects the contemporary Western perspective on death? a. participatory b. sanitized c. emotional d. ritualized

b. sanitized

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between childhood and adult personality? a. Trait dimensions established during childhood remain fairly stable as people progress through life. b. Although personality stabilizes during childhood, many factors can alter personality by adulthood. c. Childhood and adulthood are distinct life stages, with little consistency of personality dimensions. d. Personality is fluid from childhood through adolescence, at which point these traits are set for life.

b. Although personality stabilizes during childhood, many factors can alter personality by adulthood.

Which of the following people is demonstrating prosocial behavior? a. Lance, who waves at the mailman every day b. Amaal, who shares her cookies at recess c. Thom, who fights to keep his place in line d. Maggie, who tells friends all her secrets

b. Amaal, who shares her cookies at recess

David is in seventh grade and writing a self-concept essay for English class. Which of the following statements is David most likely to include in his essay? a. I have curly black hair. b. I can be shy sometimes. c. I don't like Chinese food. d. I wear board shorts a lot.

b. I can be shy sometimes.

Several months after his wife's death, Ben notices that his young daughter Hailey will sulk around the house all morning, then run outside and play with kids all afternoon - as if the family has not been blindsided. Should Ben be concerned for his daughter? a. Yes, she is demonstrating denial too long after the loss. b. No, she is demonstrating dual processing of the loss. c. Yes, she is demonstrating disenfranchised attachment. d. No, she is demonstrating grief work common to a loss.

b. No, she is demonstrating dual processing of the loss.

Which of the following best reflects the dual process model of bereavement? a. Feeling stronger every day. b. One step forward, one step back. c. Feel the grief and then move on. d. Carry love and loss in your heart.

b. One step forward, one step back.

In a playroom filled with toys, which of the following will be the youngest child to show a distinct preference for a toy that matches traditional gender expectations? a. Amy, who is 4 years old b. Rashid, who is 5 years old c. Wally, who is 6 years old d. Beatriz, who is 7 years old

b. Rashid, who is 5 years old

Which of the following children will likely experience the most difficulty in establishing satisfying attachments with others later in life? a. Brad, whose father was deployed overseas while he was in middle school b. Rosa, who was in five foster families during elementary and middle school. c. Chung, whose mother went back to work after his dad left when he was 7. d. Laney, who lost her parents at age four and was raised by her grandparents.

b. Rosa, who was in five foster families during elementary and middle school.

Carmela recently celebrated her 35th birthday party, where she got into a heated discussion with a friend over a particular moral dilemma. Which stage of reasoning did Carmela use to argue her point? a. Stage 2 b. Stage 4 c. Stage 5 d. Stage 6

b. Stage 4

On the sociometric scale, Rhondella's is categorized as neglected. Which of the following best describes Rhondella's behavior on the playground? a. gossipy b. aloof c. bossy d. mean

b. aloof

Justine is taking her young son Lamont to look at a possible day care center for him. The teacher takes him by the hand and tells Justine to get some coffee and look around the facility. Justine expects Lamont to get upset, but he easily goes off with the teacher without a backward glance. Later ,when Justine and Lamont are reunited, he does not seem to have a need for a hug or comfort from his mother.What is Lamont's likely attachment style? a. secure b. avoidant c. resistant d. disorganized-disoriented

b. avoidant

Jamal had always been a bit shy and insecure. But his dad spent a lot of time with him this summer playing catch and kicking around the soccer ball. Now in fifth grade Jamal is always picked first to be on sport teams because he's so good - and he feels more confident in general.Jamal's experience demonstrates the influence of ________ on a child's self-esteem. a. culture b. competence c. behavior d. genetics

b. competence

Samirah wants to make sure that her son Raj develops a good conscience at an early age. In order for this to occur, both Samirah and Raj will need to learn how to ________ in their relationship. a. empathize b. cooperate c. reason d. compromise

b. cooperate

A Hollywood movie star who always tells interviewers that having grown up in the South helps her stay grounded and "real" is demonstrating the impact of ________ on her ________. a. situation; temperament b. culture; narrative identity c. schemas; characteristic adaptation d. human nature; self-concept

b. culture; narrative identity

Compared to friendships formed in childhood, which term best reflects the friendships among adolescents? a. recreation b. depth c. competition d. status

b. depth

Raisa is a high school senior with very traditional and caring parents who have always exercised control over her academic path, social activities, and life decisions. What is Raisa's likely identity status? a. moratorium b. diffusion c. foreclosure d. achievement

b. diffusion

Which of the primary emotions eventually is divided into several more specific emotions? a. contentment b. distress c. comfort d. interest

b. distress

Between age 19 and 24, the percentage of males who have had sex ________. a. stays roughly the same b. doubles c. triples d. increases four-fold

b. doubles

Which of the following is a critical emotional factor in a person's moral development? a. guilt b. empathy c. shame d. pride

b. empathy

Which of the following interventions will likely be most successful in helping parents Thom and Kelly effectively support their son Caleb in the death of his twin sister Holly? a. grief work b. family therapy c. online groups d. psychotherapy

b. family therapy

Which of the following high school student attitudes about sexual behavior has changed the least since 1950? a. friends' acceptance of having sex as a teen b. having sex in the first month of dating c. having sex being against one's beliefs d. parents' acceptance of having sex as a teen

b. having sex in the first month of dating

For a long time Sachi has been pretty impressed with herself. But recently she's come to realize that her peers are better at some things than she is. How does Sachi spend her days? a. in nursery school b. in first grade c. in third grade d. in fifth grade

b. in first grade

Which of the following has likely caused a decline in Martha's sexual activity since her husband of 40 years passed away? a. mental illness b. lack of partners c. physical infirmity d. fear of disease

b. lack of partners

A key difference between Alexander Thomas's perspective on temperament and Mary Rothbart's perspective centers on the issue of ________. a. response b. passivity c. crisis d. gender

b. passivity

Which of the following death-related concepts is most difficult for an infant to comprehend? a. absence b. permanence c. imperceptibility d. distress

b. permanence

By the time children enter middle school, their moral reasoning becomes a little more ________. a. rigid b. personal c. authoritarian d. philosophical

b. personal

When a child develops trait perception, they have gained a level of ________ awareness. a. physical b. psychological c. moral d. behavioral

b. psychological

At the junior high Fall Fling, both Jessica and Rashid made sure that they slow-danced in the light coming from the stage so that their classmates would see them. What relationship phase is this couple in? a. initiation phase b. status phase c. affection phase d. bonding phase

b. status phase

Which of the following terms best describes the role of preschool-age children regarding gender stereotypes? a. ambivalent b. traditionalist c. observant d. flexible

b. traditionalist

Erikson would say that a successful journey of psychosocial growth begins with developing ________ and culminates with having a sense of ________. a. intimacy; autonomy b. trust; integrity c. autonomy; intimacy d. generativity; industry

b. trust; integrity

After babbling at each other while seeming halfway in their own worlds, Violet and Max have recently begun to share toys and truly engage each other in their day care sessions. How old are Violet and Max? a. 9 months old b. 14 months old c. 18 months old d. 22 months old

c. 18 months old

In her freshman year at college, Miranda came out to friends and family as bisexual. What is the likelihood that Miranda will continue to identify as bisexual at her 65th birthday? a. 5 percent b. 15 percent c. 25 percent d. 35 percent

c. 25 percent

Akbar's parents are celebrating his birth and are ready to bring him home to his nursery painted blue. How old will Akbar be when he knows that boys are expected to play with trucks but not with dolls? a. 20 months b. 24 months c. 30 months d. 36 months

c. 30 months

Which of the following theorists allowed for the greatest amount of flexibility in the development of personality? a. Paul Costa b. Sigmund Freud c. Albert Bandura d. Erik Erikson

c. Albert Bandura

Who will most likely achieve Erikson's sense of integrity through the practice of religion? a. a 63-year-old White man b. a 60-year-old Black man c. a 69-year-old Black woman d. a 64-year-old White woman

c. a 69-year-old Black woman

Diane and Lamar are a typical married couple with three children. How are childcare and housework duties divided among them? a. Lamar does one-third the work of Diane. b. Lamar and Diane do a similar amount of work. c. Diane does twice as much work as Lamar. d. Diane does four times the work of Lamar.

c. Diane does twice as much work as Lamar.

Malcolm had a great time at recess, going as high as he could on the swings and then jumping off. Now he's back in class and, instead of listening to the teacher, he's watching his friend swinging and jumping during second recess period. What is happening while Malcolm watches his friend outside? a. He is practicing joint attention. b. He's experiencing reciprocity. c. His mirror neurons are firing. d. His behaviors are antisocial.

c. His mirror neurons are firing.

Riding his bike, Paul notices a luxury car parked and running on a desolate road. When this situation concludes, in whatever manner, Kohlberg would ask ________. a. Which action did Paul settle on? b. Is Paul's behavior justifiable? c. How did Paul decide what to do? d. What did Paul feel after his decision?

c. How did Paul decide what to do?

Which of the following will most parents say when watching their newborn daughter? a. She has a really solid frame! b. Wow, she's so coordinated! c. Look how cute her little nose is! d. Her grasp on my thumb is strong!

c. Look how cute her little nose is!

Which of the following would be a good slogan for someone who has well-developed perspective-taking skills? a. My way. b. Your way. c. Many ways. d. No way.

c. Many ways.

According to Bowlby, which infant would be the youngest to exhibit protest and despair over the death of a parent? a. a 3-month old b. a 5-month old c. a 7-month old d. a 9-month old

c. a 7-month old

When facing stressful periods in life, Jacquie tends to isolate herself from people and escape by watching romantic comedies. Which of the following best describes Jacquie's response? a. narrative identity b. dispositional trait c. characteristic adaptation d. individualistic culture

c. characteristic adaptation

Which of the following terms best reflects practicing induction to socialize morality in children? a. negotiation b. observation c. communication d. assimilation

c. communication

When Evelyn's husband passed away after nearly 50 years of marriage, she knew that Dolores was always there to call on when she felt sad, lonely, or just needed to talk.Which term best describes Dolores? a. relative b. ally c. confidant d. friend

c. confidant

Which of the following indicates the frequency of cooperative and associative play as children get older? a. cooperative ↑ associative ↓ b. cooperative ↓ associative ↑ c. cooperative ↑ associative ↑ d. cooperative ↓ associative ↓

c. cooperative ↑ associative ↑

Carmela didn't pay any particular attention to the stuffed lion in her crib, until one day she squeezed him and it played music. She discovered her sense of ________ and now hugs the lion all the time to hear the music. a. mastery b. touch c. effortful control d. agency

c. effortful control

In a famous episode of the 1970s TV series "The Mary Tyler Moore Show," the main character Mary is embarrassed at being unable to stop laughing at the funeral of a colleague, Chuckles the Clown. The humor in this scenario is grounded in which of the following? a. self-conscious emotions b. emotional selectivity c. emotional display rules d. separation anxiety

c. emotional display rules

Despite have advanced cognitive capabilities compared to children, adolescents believe in which of the following? a. death being futile for some b. spiritual agents causing death c. existing capacity after death d. coming back to life after death

c. existing capacity after death

One biological impact on adolescents who are grieving the loss of a parent is ________. a. reduced levels of serotonin b. decreased thalamus response c. higher levels of cortisol d. elevated free radical counts

c. higher levels of cortisol

The rush of hormones that has produced a wispy mustache on Heng's upper lip - combined with locker room tales with his buddies about which girls are cutest - have led to Heng experience gender ________. a. conformity b. segregation c. intensification d. constancy

c. intensification

Aaron has come to the realization that he is transgender. What will be the next stage in his journey? a. having sexual relationships b. establishing gender stability c. learning about the experience d. living "out" as a trans woman

c. learning about the experience

As a child moves from infancy into pre-school age, their antisocial behavior tends to become ________. a. less controlled and more verbal b. less general and more physical c. less physical and more controlled d. less targeted and more general

c. less physical and more controlled

Adults can maintain a higher sense of self-esteem as they age by changing their ________. a. work environment b. social group c. measurement criteria d. narrative identity

c. measurement criteria

Which of the following terms best reflects the concept of androgyny? a. gender-constant b. asexual c. multidimensional d. bisexual

c. multidimensional

Which plays a larger role in a person's antisocial behavior: nature or nurture? a. nurture, by a large amount b. nature, by a large amount c. nurture, by a moderate amount d. nature, by a moderate amount

c. nurture, by a moderate amount

From a developmental perspective, retirement from the workforce is considered a(n) ________. a. crisis b. loss c. process d. opportunity

c. process

As children's social focus shifts from parents to peers, what does a friend offer that used to be provided by the mother? a. closeness b. affection c. security d. love

c. security

The social dynamics of a fourth grade class would likely reflect gender ________. a. communality b. constancy c. segregation d. androgyny

c. segregation

Compared to when they were in kindergarten, the students in Ms. Johnson's fourth grade class have more complex perceptions of themselves and their place in the social world. Which of the following has the least impact on her students' self-esteem? a. their playground prowess b. their homework scores c. their family income d. their classroom conduct

c. their family income

Today Jessie's friend Maya showed up at pre-school wearing two different socks and two different shoes. It was so crazy; everybody was talking about it. On the way home, Jessie's mom asked, "Why do you think Maya did something so silly?" Jessie said matter-of-factly, "Because she wanted to." What is Jessie demonstrating? a. mind-mindedness b. joint attention c. theory of mind d. dual-process

c. theory of mind

According to the Parkes/Bowlby model, a toddler whose mother leaves the room and a man whose wife has passed away will both feel which of the following? a. despair b. anger c. yearning d. bargaining

c. yearning

Lucille was diagnosed with terminal cancer and is at the mid-point of Kübler-Ross's stages of dying. Which of the following would Lucille say at this point? a. "How dare they have fun; I'm dying!" b. "This cannot be happening to me." c. "I don't want to leave my children." d. "I can get more time if I meditate."

d. "I can get more time if I meditate."

Which of the following statements reflects the cognitive component of morality? a. "We were going to go break those windows" b. "I feel terrible about taking that candy bar." c. "He didn't think twice about robbing the bank." d. "She shouldn't do that to Joe; it's not fair."

d. "She shouldn't do that to Joe; it's not fair."

Which of the following reflects differential reinforcement for gender roles? a. Monique's father buys her a mini-motorcycle jacket just like his. b. Yuri's father signs him up for ballet classes in the second grade c. Robert's mother buys him a play kitchen set for his fourth birthday. d. Dora's father buys her a purple bike with a sparkly seat and basket.

d. Dora's father buys her a purple bike with a sparkly seat and basket.

How does the amount of peer interaction change from the time kids are toddlers to the time they are in middle childhood? a. It decreases slightly b. It increases slightly. c. It stays fairly consistent. d. It increases significantly.

d. It increases significantly.

Kelvin's self-concept helps him to answer which of the following questions? a. What is my purpose? b. How good am I? c. Why am I like this? d. Who am I?

d. Who am I?

Which of the following best reflects the underlying goal of morality from the perspective of an evolutionary theorist? a. control b. survival c. reciprocity d. adaptation

d. adaptation

DeShaun has thought that girls were nothing but a nuisance for the past several years. So his parents are surprised when he suddenly starts talking every day about a new girl in his fifth grade class. DeShaun's newfound romantic crush is likely caused by maturation of the ________. a. hippocampus b. amygdala c. testes d. adrenal glands

d. adrenal glands

What are people on an online relationship website first looking for in a potential partner? a. dependence b. attraction c. balance d. alikeness

d. alikeness

Carla got pregnant at 15 and decided, against her parents' wishes, to keep the baby. Unprepared for the responsibility, Carla resents how baby Danny intrudes on her fun and she acts as if he is merely an inconvenience to her.What attachment style will Danny likely develop? a. resistant b. secure c. disorganized-disoriented d. avoidant

d. avoidant

Which of the following experiences of grief will most likely lead a bereaved person toward posttraumatic growth? a. complicated b. prolonged c. sudden d. balanced

d. balanced

Kenneth Dodge believes that aggressive behavior in high school students is grounded in ________. a. shame b. evolution c. reciprocity d. bias

d. bias

Young Sally is pretending that her teddy bear is sick. She is speaking to him in a gentle, caring voice and covers him with a blanket and feeds him make-believe soup. What is Sally's behavior demonstrating? a. stereotyping b. agency c. segregation d. communality

d. communality

Which of the following terms best reflects the perception of biological death? a. legal b. cultural c. universal d. contentious

d. contentious

When Lakesha goes in for her chemotherapy treatments, the nurses always let her pick where she will sit and the color of her hospital gown. And of course she gets to pick what type of candy to eat when she's finished.What emotional benefit does this provide to Lakesha? a. engagement b. support c. privilege d. control

d. control

Which of the following terms best describes the moratorium period that occurs in adolescence? a. insecurity b. ambivalence c. gridlock d. exploration

d. exploration

Even among modern, "enlightened" men and women, what causes them to fall into more traditional gender roles? a. menopause/andropause b. dating c. career growth d. marriage

d. marriage

Socioemotional selectivity theory reflects which of the following in an older person? a. denial b. grief c. reminiscence d. perspective

d. perspective