Exam 3 study guide
This Pakistani scientist sold nuclear secrets to multiple nations:
A.Q. Khan
Which one of the following is NOT one of Karen Mingst's assumptions of collective security?
Aggressors will know that the international community will do nothing to stop them.
Which of the following countries experienced annual inflation rates in excess of 10,000% during the Latin American debt crisis?
Argentina Brazil Nicaragua Peru
The two bombings in _________ of 1945 in the Japanese cities of __________ forever changed international affairs.
August; Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Which of the following countries colonized Rwanda after WWI, conducting a census and issuing identity cards in 1933 that paved the way for modern Rwanda's divided society?
Belgium
He designed a system of secret treaties and alliances that was able to maintain the balance of power for some time, while placing Germany at the center of Europe.
Bismarck
Fareed Zakaria in his book, The Post-American World, examines the reasons that certain states in the developing world will become leaders of the twenty-first century. Most experts point to four countries:
Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
The IMF, World Bank, and WTO are collectively known as the
Bretton Woods institutions.
Which of the following was NOT a Cold war strategy used by the superpowers to gain and maintain competing spheres of influence?
Bush Doctrine
He was the French foreign secretary that changed the way states approach their own national interest.
Cardinal Richelieu
Which of the following countries has signed and ratified the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)?
China
Which one of the following was NOT a result of the Franco-Prussian War?
Collapse of Austria
___________ argue that norms emerge from the top (those in positions of authority within the international community) and flow downward, into the domestic realm of the state
Constructivists
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) is reliant upon
Country A is unlikely to launch a first strike, because in doing so, it would destroy itself when Country B retaliates.
In 1854, the Concert of Europe was somewhat shaken by a war fought between Britain and Russia known today as the
Crimean War.
This was the name given to the pseudo-science that tried to apply one's skin-color to one's level of intellect.
Eugenics
The model of the state is based on the _______________ model.
European
____________ believes that the processes of globalization leads to an increase in personal freedom and that China will eventually expand rights to its citizens.
Fareed Zakaria
He was the leader of the Holy Roman Empire in the seventeenth century that was unable to place the interests of his empire over his allegiance to Catholicism and the Papacy.
Ferdinand II
In the beginning of the nineteenth century, this state upset the balance of power by conquering much of Europe.
France
This state grew in cultural, social, economic, and political power in the seventeenth century, which threatened the security of other states.
France
Which country was brought back into the great power system after the Congress of Vienna because a country as large and as powerful as ______ needed to be part of a strong international system of security?
France
With which of the following countries was Germany NOT allied at some point through Bismarck's system of alliances and treaties?
France
______________ was very influential to the development of the political theory of Karl Marx.
G.W.F Hegel
The five Great Powers of Europe in the nineteenth century were
Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and France.
Which of the following wrote On the Law of War and Peace, establishing limits to the conduct of warfare?
Hugo Grotius
Which of the following statements is false?
In recent years, the number of NGOs has declined.
Which of the following countries tested a nuclear weapon after the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty was brought into force?
India, Pakistan, and North Korea
He has argued that globalization has created an international order of corruption and greed for both wealthy corporations and industrialized countries through the politics and policies of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), The World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Joseph E. Stiglitz
In his greatest work, Das Kapital, ____________ examined the economic system known as capitalism and argued that it perpetuates a negative environment based on the dual forces of efficiency and exploitation.
Karl Marx
In his famous book Man, the State, and War, __________________ expanded the scope of classic realism by arguing that although power politics helps to determine state behavior, it is the structure of the international system that best determines it.
Kenneth Waltz
In what countries were proxy wars fought?
Korea and Vietnam
Which ethnic community is NOT one of the three ethnic communities traditionally in the Rwandan population?
Kru
He believed that imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism: the stage that witnessed the defense of the state (by capitalists), the monopolization of industrial production, and an international system based on exploitation.
Lenin
Which of the following countries does NOT share a border with Rwanda?
Liberia
The ideology of ______________ recognized colonialism as driven by the perpetuation and protection of private property.
Marxism
Raul Prebisch's notion that there are core states and peripheral states developed into the school of thought known as
Marxist theory
Glasnost and perestroika were policies followed by which Soviet leader as an effort to revive the socialist system?
Mikhail Gorbachev
______________ argued that economic development followed an evolutionary pattern of growth.
Modernization theorists
The following description best defines Nike and McDonald's.
Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
This concept refers to the belief that independent nations should have the right to govern themselves.
National self-determination
_____________ associated new developments in trade policies (that gave a significant increase of leverage to wealthy capitalist states) with the rise in what has been referred to as the new world order.
Neo-Marxists such as Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri
The offices of the UN are located in
New York (Manhattan)
________ act independently of states, often with a particular focus or interest.
Nongovernmental organizations
_______________ refers to the process in which jobs are sent to foreign countries in search of cheaper labor.
Outsourcing
These are the troops sent in by the United Nations to preserve a peace agreement.
Peacekeepers
How is a vote vetoed in the UN Security Council?
Permanent members of the Security Council can veto a measure.
_________ argue that traditional concepts of sovereignty and territorial integrity are no longer capable of explaining how the world works. They contend that non-state actors have become powerful enough to formulate and carry out policies that have led to a more interconnected world.
Pluralist-Interdependence Theorists
Which of the following was NOT a part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1100?
Poland
Which of the following is NOT a school of thought within international relations?
Prebischism
Wars fought by the superpowers in third party states are known as _____.
Proxy wars
_______________ is best understood as the national interest, where national leaders place what is best for their own state above all else.
Raison d'tat
This is the use of practical methods, instead of moral or ideological means to secure political power.
Realpolitik
________________ is the belief that religion should remain separate from governmental authority and political power.
Secularism
____________ is best defined by those agents in the international system that bring about change through the use of diplomacy or ideology.
Soft Power
This was the name given to the European balance of power system of the nineteenth century that largely maintained peace for nearly one hundred years.
The Concert of Europe
If there is an issue that deals with development or health it will be coordinated through
The Economic and Social Council.
What international currency sharing and law alignment system may gain greater attention for liberal arguments if it succeeds?
The European Union (EU)
This country was engaged in a decade-long war in Afghanistan during 1979-1989.
The Soviet Union
Which of the following two countries were NOT part of the League of Nations at its formation?
The Soviet Union and the United States
This war began as a religious war but ended as a political one. It is often considered the last of the religious wars of Europe.
The Thirty Years War
This Treaty formally brought the Napoleonic Wars to an end.
The Treaty of Chaumont
This event was one of the first indications that the Soviet Union was crumbling.
The collapse of the Berlin Wall
Which of the following statements is true?
The number of NGOs has increased since the end of World War II.
Classic realists have asserted that the international system is based on three core assumptions.
The state is the dominant actor in international affairs, states are rational, unitary actors, and the international system is anarchical and chaotic.
Following the __________ the state and not the Church became the primary actor in global affairs.
Thirty Years War
The quote [Y]ou know as well as we do that right, as the world goes, is only in question between equals in power, while the strong do what they can and the weak do what they must is taken from what text?
Thucydides' The Melian Dialogue
The signing of the ____________ is often regarded as the beginning of modern international relations.
Treaty of Westphalia
The collection of states in Eastern Europe during the Cold War that were sided with the Soviet Union was referred to as the
Warsaw Pact.
His Fourteen Points were the underpinning for the League of Nations.
Wilson
Personified by ____________, __________ is based on the notion of ethical determinations in foreign policy and the spreading of democratic principles, including the right of self-determination, free speech, fair and free elections.
Woodrow Wilson, idealism
Doctors Without Borders is best defined as
a Nongovernmental Organization (NGO).
Which of the following is NOT a reason that makes war acceptable, according to On the Law of War and Peace?
acquisition of land
Why did the leadership of Austria and Russia try to turn the Quadruple Alliance into an agency that would forcefully intervene against countries' internal revolutionary or democratic or liberal movements?
because of the idea that the spirit of liberalism had perpetuated the French Revolution
One of the main reasons for the Soviet Union to get involved in Afghanistan in 1979 was
better access to oil.
Which of the following is NOT a defining element of the present era of international relations?
bipolarity
For Marx, society is divided between
bourgeoisie and proletarian classes.
On January 12, 2010, Google broke its ______ agreement with China and granted users _____.
censorship; full access to its services
In 1945, what competing ideologies shaped the international relations system?
communism and capitalism
Peter Katzenstein, from the ________ school of thought, makes the claim that the best (and often most overlooked) prediction of how a state will behave is how its own political culture views the norms and values at stake.
constructivist
A scholar that understands that individuals create their own social realities related to international relations is considered a
constructivist.
Instead of assuming that states acting in their own national interests determine international stability and create international norms and values, ____________ argue that it is the international community that perpetuates the development of norms within states.
constructivists
This Cold War policy was meant to stop both the threat of the Soviet Union as an imperial power and communism as an ideology.
containment.
For _________________ the wealthy industrialized states of the global north core have created an unfavorable trade relationship with those of the global south periphery.
dependency theorists
Economic sanctions, the threat of military attack, and other methods of frightening states into behaving a certain way is known as
deterrence.
The Ku Klux Klan is an example of a(n)
domestic terrorist organization.
When a terrorist organization is privately funded and resorts to low-level violence against a certain religious or ethnic minority it is considered a(n)
domestic terrorist organization.
The Truman Doctrine gave subsequent American administrations the ability to
engage in conflicts beyond the Western Hemisphere.
There are _______ permanent members of the UN Security Council, and they are
five; the United States, the United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia.
Which of the following was NOT a part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1100?
general agreement that one of the great powers might disappear, and if so, its land divided among the rest
The ways in which private individuals and NGOs have worked together outside the realm of traditional politics to advance the concepts of human rights and democracy is known as
global civil society
When one state either directly utilizes or at least threatens force (military or economic), scholars in international relations refer to it as
hard power.
Satyagraha is based on the assumption that those who are being oppressed
have a right to be free and that the only justifiable way of achieving freedom is through non-violent means.
George Ritzer describes globalization as the shift from ____ state processes to ____ nonstate processes.
heavy; light
For Thomas Hobbes,
human nature is selfish and, ultimately, self-destructive; a condition that in the state of nature creates an environment where everyone is involved in war with one another, i.e. a war of all against all.
Which of the following could be the subject of study using Kenneth Waltz's levels of analysis approach?
individuals within states whose personalities dictate cross-border behavior the power of the business community compared to government power within a state the relation of trade to regional instability weaknesses in the League of Nations and their failure to inhibit the rise of Nazi Germany
If Government X pays individuals to carry out acts of terror in Country Y, this is considered
international terrorism.
Hans Morgenthau
is considered a classical realist who asserted that power was not the goal but simply a means to achieving the dual objectives of national security and survival.
What shortcoming(s) of the League of Nations was(were) addressed by the creation of a Security Council with both permanent members and nonpermanent members?
it recognized power differentials between states and allotted power more appropriately and it gave veto power only to the permanent member states
At the core of _____________ is the belief that humans are generally good and that our ability to reason allows us to make economic, political, and social progress.
liberalism
For ___________, acts of war, terrorism, or genocide are not the result of human nature, but flaws in the social, economic, or political infrastructure at a particular time and place.
liberals
If state A is a democracy and so are its neighbors, (states B, C, D, and E), war is unlikely. This is a belief held by
liberals.
According to Paul Kennedy, the two main factors that contributed to Germany's impact on the international balance of power system were
location and industrial/commercial/military growth.
Which word is frequently found in the discussion of behavior on the battlefield, in the third section of On the Law of War and Peace?
moderation
His placement of ________ as secondary to _________ makes Sun Tzu's The Art of War part of the works of classic realism.
morality; national security
Companies that have a global reach, in certain parts of the world wielding more power than the states that house them, are called _____.
multinational corporations (MNCs)
A scholar that believes that international exploitation is driven by the policies of wealthy corporations like Nike and Wal-Mart is considered a(n)
neo-Marxist.
The overriding belief of _______________ is that states, like individuals, must remain free from government intervention.
neoliberalism
The Prisoners' Dilemma was a by-product of
neoliberals.
For neo-Marxists, the ______________ refers to the ways in which large-scale multinational corporations (MNCs), in conjunction with the wealthiest states, have created a new type of imperialism that expands the wealth to the rich (themselves) while continually weakening the economic development of the poor.
new world order
Greenpeace is considered a
nongovernmental organization.
Organizations, businesses, corporations, terrorist groups, and/or private individuals that influence international relations are called ______.
nonstate actors
In the Latin American debt crisis, the rising cost of what commodity led to a spiral of debt and inflation?
oil
According to Kant's _______ theory, national legislation will become international law and will therefore not only have to protect domestic, civil rights, but also those at the international level, namely cosmopolitan or universal rights.
perpetual peace
For an act of violence to be considered terrorism, it must be _____.
political
For realists ____________ is the primary determinant of political behavior.
power
The ability to make others (persons or states) do something that they would not have otherwise done on their own is an example of
power
In the nineteenth century, the balance of power can be considered
preemptive.
In the eighteenth century, the balance of power can be considered
reactionary.
Might makes right is a sentiment shared by
realists.
One who engages in ___________ would assess entry into a war as a calculation of power for one's own country regardless of morality.
realpolitik
One of the results of the Thirty Years' War was a new focus on ______ over religion.
secularism
For neoliberals, cooperation may come from
self interest
An article in The Independent UK and the report We Are Not Machines detail the concerns of human rights groups about such issues as verbal abuse, intrusive physical examinations and dangerous conditions where?
shoe factories in Indonesia
The United Nations has ______________ main organs/components; they are
six; the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Trusteeship Council, the Secretariat, the Economic and Social Council, and the International Court of Justice.
The three beliefs of the modern state are
sovereignty, raison d'tat, and territorial integrity.
When a state is the sole source of authority within its borders it is said to possess
sovereignty.
Kenneth Waltz's three levels of analysis approach helps us understand
state behavior the complexity of the international system that a complex system demands complex explanations
When Nazi Germany began its policy of eradicating its own citizens it was committing
state terrorism.
When State A is invaded by State B, State B is said to have violated the __________ of State A.
territorial integrity
If one were to enter a bank and murder a number of individuals that worked for the bank while screaming that he/she was doing so out of an objection that he/she had against the people of the United States, he/she would be considered a(n)
terrorist.
In his book, The World Is Flat, Thomas L. Friedman argues
that information communication technology has created a world that is leveling the playing field for millions of people in the world and giving hope to the hopeless.
A bipolar arrangement best defines the period known as
the Cold War.
The first international conference held in peace time in order to organize future peace and security is known as
the Congress of Vienna.
Which of the following organizations provides short-term aid to states that have been damaged by natural or manmade disasters or war?
the International Monetary Fund
Which of the following is NOT a part of the United Nations?
the Security Council the General Assembly the Trusteeship Council the International Court of Justice
Which legislative group kept the United States from joining the League of Nations President Wilson had helped to create?
the United States Senate
When the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty was signed, the members were
the United States, France, China, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union.
According to Karl Marx's concept of alienation of labor, it is allowed to continue because
the bourgeoisie (owners) and the government are one and the same the government benefits from the wealth it can accumulate through taxes the government refuses to pass laws that might jeopardize economic growth
Alienated labor refers to
the concept introduced by Karl Marx that argues that workers in the modern age are removed from the work that they put into the creation of a product.
The Bretton Woods institutions were originally designed to help rebuild the economies of
the countries of Western Europe following World War II.
The fear that communism would spread from one Southeast Asian state to the next came to be known as
the domino theory.
Which of the following is a primary element of globalization?
the free movement of items from one place to another the speed of movement of money, people and objects from one place to another the weakening of state sovereignty the emergence of nontraditional sources of authority
For Waltz and other structural realists
the international system determines the level of power within each state; not the states themselves.
According to some scholars, what is significant about the BRICs?
their economies possess the greatest ability to influence 21st century international relations
In what way(s) do NGOs possess many of the state's basic features, performing functions states have traditionally performed?
they have priorities such as environment, health or human rights they have the ability to conduct research and raise awareness about particular issues they provide a service to people in a given territory they have challenged states that violate their principles
The configuration of the actors in a particularly volatile or stable region is a question best applied in the ______________ level of the levels of analysis.
third
Many of the states of sub-Saharan Africa are considered developing or as they were known during the Cold War as
third world states.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created
to protect Western Europe from Soviet invasion following World War II.
The 10 nonpermanent members of the UN Security Council each serve a rotating __________ term.
two-year
