exam 4 review

Fossil fuels currently supply about ____ percent of all world commercial energy supplies.

87

Nuclear power provides about _____ percent of the US energy supply.

9

In the poorest countries like Ethiopia and Bangladesh, biomass represents ______ percent of their energy consumption.

90

Reflects the local economy by accounting for only those goods and services bought and sold locally:

GDP

The majority of energy produced for electricity generation and transportation is "rejected energy" in the energy flow diagram for the United States. What does this mean?

It is energy not used because it is lost through leakage and inefficiency.

Slums are usually dwelling places that are

Legal but have inadequate living conditions

All of the following are examples of major international environmental agreements except

National Environmental Policy Act (1970).

Control rods in a nuclear reactor are used to

absorb neutrons

Biofuels can be produced commercially using all of the following except

algae

A system of pipes painted black that have water circulating on the wall in a glass greenhouse on the south side of a building is an example of

an active solar heating system.

The major disadvantage of incinerating waste is

both it costs more than landfilling and it produces significant air pollution are correct.

All of the following are examples of how to process or permanently store the hazardous waste we generate, except

brownfield sites.

Which would not be a goal of smart growth?

housing areas remote from work and shopping areas

Ecological economics is different from the other economic theories because it recognizes the

human economy as one part of a dynamic world system.

Which of the following is not a theme of the Sustainable Development Goals of 2016?

reduce taxes

In recent decades, unregulated open dumps have ____________ in developing countries.

remained the primary disposal method

Using a refillable beverage container (returnable bottles) would be an example of __________ materials.

reusing

Since the 1920s, hydropower production has

risen, but not as fast as fossil fuel use.

After a problem is identified, the next step in the policy cycle is to

set an agenda

In the case of sanitary landfills, the cost of disposing of wastes is _____ as technology provides safer alternatives.

sharply increasing

Taking advantage of utilizing existing resources and infrastructure to plan communities is described as

smart growth.

Most of our energy waste in North America results from

technological inefficiency.

In the United States about two-thirds of a ton of waste is generated for each person (including children). Compared to the United States, Japan and Europe generate about half that amount. One of the factors that probably does not contribute to this difference is

that people in the United States have a higher standard of living than Japan and Europe.

For much of the past decade, battles have been going on over oil and gas drilling in

the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.

Which legislation was the first nationally standardized rules in the U.S. to identify, monitor, and reduce air contaminants?

the Clean Air Act (1970)

This policy aimed to make waters healthy enough to support propagation of fish and shellfish that could be consumed by humans and low in contaminants so that they were safe for swimming and recreation.

the Clean Water Act (1972)

Which of the following treaty resulted in a dramatic drop in CFCs to reduce the hole in stratospheric ozone?

the Montreal Protocol (1987)

The emphasis in the traditional U.S. suburban development is on ____. This is reflected by the _____.

the automobile; prominent streets, garages, and driveways

Which is an example of a pull factor for an urban area?

the availability of arts and cultural activities

Rather than directly suing a company for damages, it can be more effective to sue

the government for not enforcing laws that would have prevented the damage.

Where is the greatest wind resource in the United States?

the great plains and Rocky Mountain states

Which of the following would be elements of the precautionary principle?

the legal requirement of an environmental impact statement

In the United States and Canada, the most common problem with using wood as a major heat source is

the production of pollutants.

Where in the United States is the greatest solar resource?

the southwestern states

"Waste stream" is a term describing

the steady production of all waste products that humans produce.

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) is also known as

the superfund act

Renewable sources of energy could produce enough energy to eliminate the need for fossil fuels in the near future.

true

Environmental literacy partly consists of being able to

understand the basic principles of ecology.

Which of the following is a push factor for urban growth?

unemployment in farming communities

Toxic landfills are frequently located in ________ areas.

urban

Biological treatments of hazardous waste involve ___________ hazardous substances.

using plants, bacteria or fungi to absorb and detoxify

Composting is a waste disposal method that

vastly reduces total waste volumes.

A steady form of varied wastes that we all produce, from domestic garbage and yard waste to industrial, commercial, and construction refuse:

waste stream

Renewable resources are those that

will always renew themselves unless we destroy them.

Which of the following has the greatest percent recovery through recycling in 2010?

yard waste

In 2100, how many of the world's top ten largest urban areas are predicted to be in the United States?

zero

Select all the statements that correspond to the data presented in the graph of energy sources.

-In 2018, coal is the most common energy source -By 2040, the use of fossil fuels is expected to decline

Which of the following are ecosystem services? Select all that apply.

-Nitrogen fixing bacteria change nitrogen into a form that plants can use -Water flowing in a river is used for drinking water supply

In 1950, only ____ percent of the world's population lived in cities.

38

Which of the following statements about oil resources and use are true (mark all that apply)?

-The world should pass peak oil production in the next decade. -Oil production accounts for less than half of our energy for transportation. -The U.S. uses oil more than any other energy source. -The U.S.'s domestic oil reserves would last only a few years if we did not import from other countries.

Which of the following are considered biofuels? Select all that apply.

-cellulosic ethanol -grain ethanol -natural gas from shale -biodiesel from soybean oil -wind energy -coal -oil

Which of the following are consequences of burning coal for energy? (mark all that apply)

-increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere -increased heavy metals (lead and mercury) released into the air -acidified rain -increased radicals that deplete ozone in the stratosphere

Which of the following philosophies best matches the concept of sustainable development (choose all that apply)?

-the improvement of people's lives -meeting current needs without reducing the needs of future generations -the recycling of all materials

According to the principle of new urbanism, what is the ideal size of a city?

30,000-50,000

Recycling aluminum is most important for

All of these are correct

Secure landfills are those that

Are built like a bathtub with a lid

Which of the environmental laws and treaties listed below is responsible for protection of endangered species?

CITES

Which country is the world leader in wind energy?

Denmark

_________ is an example of green infrastructure that improve air quality, conserve energy, reduce storm water runoff, reduce noise, and helps reduce urban heat island effects.

Green roofs

Many businesses are exploring and adopting the "design for the environment." Which of the following is not associated with this approach?

Improve public relations about the business' environmental policies.

Which of the following statements is false?

Improving standards of living have been repeatedly demonstrated to require increased energy consumption.

Which of the following statements is true?

The United States has only enough proven oil supplies to last 4 years at current rates of consumption.

Which of the following is not a problem associated with international agreements?

The international court affects the sovereignty of noncompliant nations.

Which of the following actions would probably not encourage efficiency and recycling programs?

charging a surcharge on materials when purchased that is redeemable when the consumer recycles the product

The local high school in your hometown has a project where students are collecting water samples in collaboration with the local university. This project is an example of a(n)

citizen science project.

Which of the following energy sources could be considered renewable (mark all that apply)?

coal petroleum wind solar

Statutory law is established by __________________.

congress

Illegal dumping and storage of hazardous waste

continues to threaten public health.

The most likely disaster in a nuclear power plant is that

cooling systems could fail, causing rapid overheating.

The case of the president of a Colorado company who was sentenced to 14 years in prison for knowingly contaminating the water table is an example of a

criminal law case.

As more environment-oriented jobs become available, the number of students prepared for them is

decreasing

Which would be an example of sustainable development?

development of brownfields in urban areas

Which of the following is not an emphasis of the 1990 National Environmental Education Act?

education to make sure that there are specialists who are able to make appropriate decisions regarding environmental issues and guide us into the twenty-first century

Using the heat from a trash incinerator to power nearby facilities is a process known as

energy recovery.

Sweden, Denmark, and Switzerland have higher standards of living by most measures than Americans or Canadians

even though their energy use is much less than ours.

Approximately 68% of the U.S.'s energy consumption comes from coal.

false

Urban curbside recycling costs cities

far less than landfilling or incinerating.

The "group of 10" environmental organizations are most useful in

having strong, respected, and organized influence on national environmental policy setting.

In many U.S. cities, poor, undereducated, minority, and other less powerful groups are often concentrated

in urban centers.

Environmental protection has been proven to __________ the number of available jobs because __________.

increase; labor is usually substituted for natural resources (as in the case of recycling)

Which is not a negative consequence of urban sprawl?

increased lot and land areas for homes

When we purchase a product, the price we pay directly reflects the _____ cost of producing it. If the manufacture of the product degrades the quality of air or water, then the costs of this pollution are termed _____ costs.

internal; external

A reason to encourage green building designs would be that

it would save money that would be spent on energy needs.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of urban sprawl?

large mixed-use areas where people can live, work, and play all in the same area

Recycling, in terms of solid waste management, means

melting or shredding to make new products.

Chemical processing is a way of __________ hazardous waste for safe disposal.

neutralizing

The current legal system is to ______________ as community-based planning is to collaboration.

polarization

Most of the world's nuclear reactors are of the _____________ type.

pressurized water (PWR)

In carrying out the policy cycle, which of the following groups would probably use intensive media campaigns or even stage a protest?

public interest groups