Exam 4

During a muscle contraction

A sarcomere becomes shorter as the Z lines at its end draw closer together

The vertebrae are part of the _____ skeleton, which is designed primarily for _____

Axial; protection

For a human to inhale, the rib muscles and the diaphragm must _____ which ______ pressure inside the lungs

Contract; increases

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the pathway that a signal travels in a neuron?

Dendrite to cell body to axon

By the end of a normal first trimester, the zygote has

Developed most organ system as well as limbs

The layers of skin from outermost to innermost are

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

A single hormone molecule can have dramatic effects on a target cell because it

Initiates a chain of events the

The steroid hormones testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone cross the membranes of target cells and bind intercellular receptors to regulate gene expression. Based on this information, steroid hormones must be

Mainly non polar and hydrophobic

Males and females both produce estrogens, progestogens, and androgens. Which of the following is accurate for typical males and females?

Males have more androgens that estrogens. Females have more estrogens than androgens

Durning a muscle contraction,

Myosin filaments hydrolyze ATP and use this energy to pull on actin filaments

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes tissues from organs?

Organs consist of multiple tissue types, whereas tissues consist of one or more cell types

While breathing, inhaled air passes through the respiratory structures in this order

Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Alveoli

When certain hormones are added to the uterus, they induce thickening in the cells lining its walls. Which of the following hormones is likely to be responsible for this change?

Progesterone

The pulmonary____ carries ____ blood from the lungs to the heart

Vein; oxygen-rich

Which of the following statements accurately describes the movement of water and waste within a nephron?

Water and waste both filter through the glomerulus; water is later reabsorbed into the capillaries

The human liver produces bile, a substance that

allows fats to dissolve more easily in the watery contents of the gut

Which of the following events is the first to occur during inflammation

damage cells release key signaling molecules

the peripheral nervous system (PNS) may not

integrate and process information

Blood leaving the right ventricle of the heart travels next to the

lungs

White blood cells of the innate immune response ____, whereas white blood cells of the adaptive immune response ____.

may function in inflammation; may secrete antibodies

After receiving a vaccine a person begins to produce antibodies. In the future, vaccinated individuals can produce large amounts of these antibodies that are specifically targeted to the inactivation virus they were injected with. This demonstrates a (n) ___ Immune response.

secondary

Which of the following causes the most pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta?

systole of the left ventricle

The structure that is marked in the illustration of a knee joint to the right connects a muscle to the bone, there it is a

tendon

Which component of whole blood would an investigator examine to determine the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide?

the plasma

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because of _____

these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients