Exam 6 Patho

Which chromosome pair are the sex chromosomes on a karyotype?

23

A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease trait and two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal dominant disease, but the mother does not have the disease gene. What is the recurrence risk of this autosomal dominant disease for their next child?

50%

A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

A client who experienced a traumatic head injury reports extreme thirst. The nurse notes that the client is consuming 10 to 15 L of ice water daily and is experiencing polyuria. Which does the nurse suspect?

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

XXY chromosome karyotype represents a genetic disorder called _____ syndrome.

Klinefelter

With Graves disease which of the following symptoms are expected prior to treatment?

Skin hot and moist, rapid heart rate

A very tall 8-year-old child is brought by a parent to the clinic for a follow-up visit after diagnostic testing reveals a diagnosis of gigantism. What objective assessment data gathered would the nurse recognize correlates with the child's condition?

The child has fusion of the epiphyses of the long bones and increased growth hormone levels

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland as it relates to endocrine function?

The hypothalamus receives input from numerous sources throughout the body and directs the pituitary to then control many target glands and cells.

A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals only a single X chromosome present. What medical diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?

Turner Syndrome

A male child asks the nurse which chromosome he received from his father?

Y

Which of the following are examples of heterozygous alleles?

ab

Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene

autosomal recessive

After having a very stressful day in pathophysiology class, the student knows that which hormone (secreted by the adrenal cortex) will help decrease the effects of stress?

cortisol, a glucocorticoid

If a patient had a problem with the adrenal medulla, which of the following hormones should the nurse monitor?

epinephrine

A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does the nurse anticipate seeing?

increased levels of ACTH

A nurse is reviewing lab results. Which of the following lab results would slow down the rate of parathyroid hormone secretion?

increased serum calcium levels

What mutation occurs because of exogenous or environmental agents?

induced mutations

What is the process where a piece of a chromosome breaks off, flips over, and realigns in the original chromosome?

inversion

A 39-year-old female is recovering from the birth of her third child. Which hormone would help prevent uterine bleeding?

oxytocin

According to the text, the primary risk factor for Down syndrome is:

pregnancy in women >35