Exam 8: Sleep

For a normal person, about how long does an average sleep cycle last?

90 mins

REM sleep is associated with ____.

PGO waves in the brain

During ____, cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control the body's large muscles.

REM sleep

What does cataplexy involve?

an attack of muscle weakness while awake

In comparison to NREM dreams, REM dreams ____.

are more likely to include complicated plots

What is a typical characteristic of insomnia?

consistently feeling sleepy during the day

Emmanuel has periodic limb movement disorder. When does he have the most trouble?

during NREM sleep

Mose has been told that he sleepwalks. When is he more likely to do this?

during SWS

A "zeitgeber" is a(n) ____.

environmental cue that rests a biological clock

Les will be taking a trip, and he is worried about how to handle his jet lag. What advice would you give him?

he needs to sleep in a dark room

Compared to REM, research suggests that NREM is ____.

important for strengthening memories of lists of words

Yuki is considering taking melatonin supplements to correct her sleep cycle. When should she take them?

in the late afternoon a few hours before she wants to sleep

During sleep, what happens in the brain?

increased firing by GABA neurons

Research found that during REM sleep, activity ____.

increased in both the pons and the limbic system

The risk of sleep apnea is increased among which group of people?

men who are overweight

Research suggests that REM is ____.

most important for strengthening memories of motor skills

Night terrors can be distinguished from nightmares in that night terrors ____.

occur during NREM sleep

The SCN is located just above the ____.

optic chiasm

Sometimes people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?

part of the brain is still asleep

Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?

periods without breathing during sleeping

The circadian rhythm is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual in that they ____.

respond directly to light, but respond very slowly

A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during ____.

seasons other than migration

Cari's EEG recording shows sleep spindles and K-complexes. What is happening?

she has entered stage 2 sleep

With each succeeding stage of sleep (from 1 to 4), ____.

slow, large amplitude waves increase in number

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness. What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?

when the proteins reach a high level, they turn off the genes that produce them