exam for boards

Corneal tissue transplantation has an extremely high success rate for a variety of reasons, including all of the following with the exception of:

Eccentrically place grafts

IgG coated red cells are added to negative antiglobulin tests to detect which of the following sources of error?

Failure to add AHG

The indicator(s) used in the pH test region of the chemical reagent strips for urine is/are:

Methyl red and bromthymol blue

Which of the following alpha thalassemia syndromes has the genotype -a/aa ?

Silent carrier

A tech is using the H (flagellar) antigen to serotype a suspected Salmonella species. The results of the serotyping are agglutination with one well that indicates a group of possible serotypes, not one particular serotype. Quality control passed. Why did this occur?

Some Salmonella H antigens can occur in multiple strains and serotypes

The ability of an instrument or testing method to provide a negative result for patients who do not have the disease or condition is known as:

Specificity

In a HPV infection, where does the viral DNA replicate?

Squamous epithelial cells

What test can be used as a confirmatory test for proteinuria?

Sulfosalicylic acid test

At what temperature should whole blood be stored?

1-6 C

An Rh negative mother has just given birth to an Rh positive baby. Her physician suspects that she has experienced a fetal-maternal hemmorhage since her rosette test was positive. Upon performing the Kleihauer-Betke stain procedure, the percentage of fetal cells is found to be 0.85%. The mother's total blood volume is 4,565 mL. What dose of Rh Immune Globulin (RhIG or RhoGam) should be administered to the mother?

2 vials

What is the half-life of digoxin in plasma?

38 hours

What transferrin saturation level would be indicative to investigate further for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)?

45%

If possible, what is the recommended time interval for Rh immune globulin administration to the Rh negative mother following the delivery of an Rh positive or weak-D positive infant?

72 hours

If an average-weight adult male patient with a 7 g/dL hemoglobin is given two units of packed cells, what would be the approximate new hemoglobin value (assuming there is no active bleeding or other predisposing factors that would shorten the survival of the blood cells)?

9.0 g/dL

What is the cause of MOST severe acute hemolytic transfusions reactions?

ABO incompatibility

Both hemoglobinuria and hemoglobinemia will be present in what type of reactions?

Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions

A 54-year-old woman has just braved a winter snow storm in North Dakota to see her doctor for a general checkup. She indicates no complaints but does mention how difficult the cold weather is for her. The doctor notices bluish coloring of her ears and fingers. She states that this has been happening for years whenever it is cold and that the problem subsides during the warm summer months.

Agglutination on blood smear and positive DAT

The reagent strip method for protein primarily tests for which type of protein?

Albumin

Bacterial colonies often emit distinct odors associated with foods. Which organism produces an odor that resembles fresh apples?

Alcaligenes faecalis (odorans)

The following polypeptide chains are found in normal adult hemoglobin A:

Alpha and beta

Which disorder exhibits a genetic code that is incompatible with life?

Alpha thalassemia major

Common crystals which can be found in ACID urine include:

Amorphous urates and calcium oxalate

What is the term used to describe chest pain caused by inadequate supply of oxygen to heart myocardium?

Angina

Which type of antibody can cause HDFN in any pregnancy (first or subsequent), but is usually limited to less severe symptoms?

Anti-A,B

Lectin from the seeds of Dolichos biflorus is a source of which of the following?

Anti-A1

Why would a unit of group O blood never be administered to a Bombay patient?

Anti-H in recipient

A laboratory test to determine heparin levels in a patient's plasma is:

Anti-factor Xa assay (anti-FXa)

Which of the following is used to determine if a person has had a recent infection with Strep pyogenes?

Antistreptolysin O (ASO)

Which risk marker has both positive and negative cardiovascular risk integrated into its measurement?

Apo B-100/Apo A-1

A physician needs to prescribe a drug to a patient but the drug has a narrow therapeutic window. He is concerned about possible toxic effects. To assess the upper concentration of such a drug, which time for drawing the specimen do you think makes the most sense?

Approximately one hour after an oral dose

Which derivative of PCR testing uses short primers not specifically complementary to a particular sequence of a target DNA?

Arbitrary primed PCR

What is the most likely identification of a rapidly growing hyaline mold that began as a white colony and later develops a black "pepper" effect on the agar surface? As the colony aged it produced jet black, powdery colonies which then caused it to resemble a dematiaceous mold.

Aspergillus niger

Estrogen (ERs) and progesterone (PRs) receptors used as tumor markers are most commonly employed to provide prognostic information about:

Breast cancer

While serum elevations are NOT generally seen in early stages, which of the following tumor markers are elevated in more advanced stages of breast cancer?

CA 15-3 and CA 549

Which two of the following biomarkers are not specific to cardiac muscle and may be elevated in patients with injury to muscle other than cardiac muscle?

CK-MB and myoglobin

Which of the following is the bacterial agent associated with antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis?

Clostridium difficile

In what trimester is there the greatest risk for the manifestation of complications in maternal rubella infection?

First trimester

VDRL and RPR are examples of which of the following types of test methodologies

Flocculation

A microbiologist was surprised when he could not recover Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies in which organisms were seen in the tissue sections. He was advised to switch from the Campy BAP selective medium to Skirrow's blood agar because the latter is:

Free of cephalothin

Which of the following sugars has been fermented when a gram-negative bacillus produces an alkaline slant and an acid butt on triple sugar iron agar (TSI)?

Glucose

A Renal Function Panel consists of which of the following tests?

Glucose, BUN, Creatinine, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, CO2, Calcium, Albumin, Phosphorus

In the heterozygous state of HbS, referred to as sickle cell trait, which of the following hemoglobins appear in combination with HbS?

HbA

A reagent strip test for hemoglobin has been reported positive. Microscopic examination fails to yield red blood cells. This patient's urine condition can be called:

Hemoglobinuria

Increased concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in adults are MOST characteristically associated with:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Where are most acute phase proteins synthesized?

Hepatocytes

A technologist performed urine microscopic testing on a patient who submitted a urine sample following strenuous exercising. Which of the following casts is most likely to be found in this urine sample?

Hyaline casts

What kind of immunoglobulins are predominantly found in Rh immune globulin?

IgG anti-D

When iontophoresis is used to collect sweat for chloride analysis, pilocarpine is used to:

Induce the sweat secretion

Which of the following activities would require that a label be added to the blood label indicating the name and location of a second manufacturer?

Irradiating a unit of red cells or platelets

A variety of additives are used in blood collection tubes. Which of the following additives prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin and thromboplastin?

Lithium or sodium heparin

Pluripotential stem cells are capable of producing which of the following?

Lymphoid and myeloid stem cells

An important metallic activator of alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase is:

Magnesium

Which one of the ABO groups listed below has the MOST H antigen?

O

What is the BEST type of microscopy for performing manual platelet counts?

Phase contrast

A bone biopsy from a jaw sent to a microbiology laboratory for culture grew out an Actinomyces species. What would be the most probable contributing factor to this infection?

Poor oral hygiene

A tech in the laboratory is reading a Gram stain from a cerebrospinal fluid. After searching the entire length of the slide for a few minutes, the tech was unable to location any material (cells or bacteria) on the slide. How should the tech proceed?

Prepare a new slide by using cytocentrifugation

What is the anatomical feature of a tapeworm that possesses both male and female reproductive structures?

Proglottid

Which of the following contributes to specific gravity but does NOT contribute to osmolality?

Protein

Sodium thiosulfate is often added to selective culture media to:

Provide sulfur atoms for H2S positive isolates

Which of the following tests require a 72 hour stool (fecal) collection?

Quantitative fecal fat

What are Howell-Jolly bodies composed of?

RNA

Semi-automated and automated urine chemical reagent strip readers:

Remove subjectivity allowing for better reproducibility

A smear that is prepared from equal parts of new methylene blue and whole blood is used for which of the following?

Reticulocyte count

When assessing the RBC morphology on a peripheral blood smear, which would be an expected finding on a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) ?

Schistocytes

Which subset of effector lymphocytes is predominantly responsible for regulation of antibody production?

TH2

The selection of a learning activity for a course is based on which of the following?

The course objectives

Koch's postulates include all of the following EXCEPT for which statement?

The isolated organism, when injected into a human host, will produce the disease.

Serum TSH levels five-times the upper limit of normal in the presence of a low T4 and low T3 uptake could mean which of the following:

The thyroid has been established as the cause of hypothyroidism

What is the purpose of allowing a prepared KOH mount to sit for 30 minutes?

To dissolve the background keratin and reveal fungal elements.

Which of the following formulas would you use to calculate absolute cell counts?

Total count X % of cells counted

TIBC (total iron-binding capacity) is an indirect measurement of which of the following:

Transferrin

A soft, yellow to pale brown nodule is found growing around the hair shaft of an individual from a tropical location. On direct microscopic examination, hyaline hyphae with numerous rectangular arthroconidia were observed. The presence of the arthroconidia aid in differentiating this organism from other yeast. The most likely identification is:

Trichosporon species

Which purine base is found in RNA and not in DNA?

Uracil

The principle of most commercially available d-dimer assays is:

Using specific antisera to detect d-dimers' neo-epitopes

Which of the following tests would you employ to examine a CSF for syphilis:

VDRL

A patient presents to the emergency room with severe headaches, nausea, and vomiting. CSF chemistry results are as follows: Protein - 74 mg/dL (15-45 mg/dL) Glucose - 53 mg/dL (40-85 mg/dL) Based on the patient's complaints and the above laboratory results what is the most probable condition?

Viral Meningitis

The bone marrow begins producing cells in the _____________ month of fetal life.

fourth

The McLeod phenotype is associated with which of the following antigen systems?

kell