Exam Four - Quizzes

_____ is characterized by a profound disruption of basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, blunt or inappropriate affect, and problems with thoughts and behavior. a.) Schizophrenia b.) OCD c.) Dissociative identity disorder d.) Antisocial personality disorder

a.) Schizophrenia

The classic study on obedience was done by: a.) Stanley Milgram. b.) Solomon Asch. c.) Phillip Zimbardo. d.) Leon Festinger.

a.) Stanley Milgram.

Today, many factor-analysis researchers agree that personality is BEST captured by _____ factors. a.) 2 b.) 3 c.) 5 d.) 16

c.) 5

What percentage of Milgram's teachers delivered the highest possible voltage of "shock" to the learner? a.) 38% b.) 50% c.) 62% d.) 88%

c.) 62%

The projective personality test that uses individual interpretations of various shapes to identify someone's inner feelings is the: a,) MMPI-2-RF. b.) Stanford-Binet Test. c.) Big Five Factor Model. d.) Rorschach Inkblot Test.

d.) Rorschach Inkblot Test.

On her first visit to a psychiatrist, Lucinda was asked to look at a set of 10 pictures and make up a story about each one. Her psychiatrist was likely using the: a.) Myers-Briggs Inventory. b.) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. c.) Rorschach Inkblot Test. d.) Thematic Apperception Test.

d.) Thematic Apperception Test.

Membership to groups minimizes the risks associated with: a.) deindividuation. b.) prejudice. c.) groupthink. d.) cooperation.

d.) cooperation.

Social loafing is due to a more general phenomenon termed: a.) the bystander intervention effect. b.) conformity. c.) cooperation. d.) diffusion of responsibility.

d.) diffusion of responsibility.

Which type of motive is NOT one of the basic motives that makes a person susceptible to social influence? a.) hedonic b.) approval c.) accuracy d.) equity

d.) equity

The single BEST predictor of aggression is: a.) biological sex. b.) age. c.) culture. d.) social class.

a.) biological sex.

Which statement about aggression by women is TRUE? a.) Women are more likely than are men to aggress by causing social harm. b.) Aggression by women tends to be more impulsive than it is premeditated. c.) Aggression by women is more likely to focus on protecting their status than on protecting a resource. d.) Women are more likely than are men to aggress by causing psychological injury.

a.) Women are more likely than are men to aggress by causing social harm.

People with an internal locus of control tend to: a.) be less anxious than are others under normal circumstances. b.) achieve less than do those who feel driven by external factors. c.) have more trouble than do others in coping under stressful situations. d.) be less likely to take credit for a personal success than are others.

a.) be less anxious than are others under normal circumstances.

The Big Five Factor Model includes _____ as one the five dimensions of personality. a.) conscientiousness b.) authoritarianism c.) sensation seeking d.) defensiveness

a.) conscientiousness

Conceptualizing abnormal thoughts and behaviors as illness suggests that a first step in treatment is to: a.) diagnose the illness. b.) select the most appropriate treatment. c.) reinterpret diseases as disorders. d.) reinterpret signs as symptoms.

a.) diagnose the illness.

Suicide is the _____ leading cause of death in the United States among persons aged 15 to 24. a.) second. b.) third c.) fifth d.) seventh

a.) second.

Print ads for cars are more likely to present a lot of facts about the car, whereas print ads for clothing typically show an attractive model. The car manufacturers are relying on _____ persuasion. a.) systematic b.) heuristic c.) hedonic d.) automotive

a.) systematic

The DSM-5 lists _____ personality disorders. a.) 5 b.) 10 c.) 15 d.) 20

b.) 10

_____ occurs when another person's behavior provides information about what is appropriate. a.) The norm of reciprocity b.) Normative influence c.) Heuristic persuasion d.) Diffusion of responsibility

b.) Normative influence

_____ is a person's characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling. a.) Attitude b.) Personality c.) Belief d.) Point of view

b.) Personality

The classic study on conformity was done by: a.) Stanley Milgram. b.) Solomon Asch. c.) Albert Bandura. d.) B. F. Skinner.

b.) Solomon Asch.

According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, frustration induces _____, which then causes _____. a.) aggression; a negative affect b.) a negative affect; aggression c.) aggression; competition d.) competition; aggression

b.) a negative affect; aggression

Which disorder is NOT an anxiety disorder? a.) phobic disorder b.) bipolar disorder c.) panic disorder d.) generalized anxiety disorder

b.) bipolar disorder

Eric has several exams, but he does not study. He ends up getting an A on each of them. He feels that he did well because he thought the exams were easy and that he has good luck. Eric's explanation shows his _____ locus of control. a.) internal b.) external c.) positive d.) negative

b.) external

Hans Eysenck's original theory of personality identified two trait dimensions, emotional stability versus instability and: a.) insecurity versus security. b.) extraversion versus introversion. c.) independence versus conformity. d.) impulsivity versus control.

b.) extraversion versus introversion

Specialized training can help people to: a.) decide not to use stereotypes. b.) learn to keep stereotypes from influencing their behavior. c.) learn to change stereotypes from automatic to willed. d.) learn to cognitively restructure stereotypes.

b.) learn to keep stereotypes from influencing their behavior.

Evaluating other people positively or negatively based on their group membership illustrates: a.) discrimination. b.) prejudice. c.) group polarization. d.) hypothesis-confirming bias.

b.) prejudice.

Political candidates often vow to win your vote by using _____ but spend most of their time and money trying to win your vote by using _____. a.) heuristic persuasion; systematic persuasion b.) systematic persuasion; heuristic persuasion c.) informational influence; normative influence d.) informational influence; systematic persuasion

b.) systematic persuasion; heuristic persuasion

People's tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures is termed: a.) self-verification. b.) the self-serving bias. c.) self-rationalization. d.) narcissism.

b.) the self-serving bias.

Men who commit acts of aggression most often do so in response to perceived challenges or threats to their dominance and status; women's aggression is more likely to be focused on: a.) saving face. b.) satisfying basic survival motives. c.) attaining or protecting a resource. d.) guarding their self-esteem.

c.) attaining or protecting a resource.

The mental disorder with the HIGHEST heritability rate is: a.) schizophrenia. b.) generalized anxiety disorder. c.) bipolar disorder. d.) major depressive disorder.

c.) bipolar disorder.

Just before she experiences a panic attack, Margot feels that the world has suddenly become very strange. This feeling is termed: a.) deindividuation. b.) depersonalization. c.) derealization. d.) dysthymia.

c.) derealization.

In the medical model, a _____ is a common set of signs and symptoms. a.) procedure b.) diagnosis c.) disorder d.) disease

c.) disorder

The _____ approach is a school of thought that regards personality as governed by an individual's ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death. a.) self-actualized b.) psychodynamic c.) existential d.) humanistic

c.) existential

Self-esteem is to self-concept as: a.) cause is to effect. b.) internal locus of control is to external locus of control. c.) feeling is to thinking. d.) person is to situation.

c.) feeling is to thinking.

When groups get together for discussions, their decisions tend to be more extreme than any decisions any one member would have made alone. This phenomenon is known as: a.) common knowledge effect. b.) group relativity. c.) group polarization. d.) diffusion of responsibility.

c.) group polarization.

Which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? a.) social withdrawal b.) lack of emotion c.) hallucinations d.) poverty of speech

c.) hallucinations

Depressed people tend to attribute their negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable, and global. This pattern supports the _____ theory. a.) diathesis-stress b.) social learning c.) helplessness d.) personal bias

c.) helplessness

People with _____ tend to live happier and healthier lives than do people with _____. a.) explicit egotism; implicit egotism b.) a high self-concept; a low self-concept c.) high self-esteem; low self-esteem d.) an external locus of control; an internal locus of control

c.) high self-esteem; low self-esteem

Who would personality psychologists expect to have the MOST similar personality traits? a.) fraternal twins Billy and Bobby b.) siblings Cara and Drew c.) monozygotic twins Sadie and Sara d.) dizygotic twins Mari and Matt

c.) monozygotic twins Sadie and Sara

The Big Five Facto Model includes _____ as one the five dimensions of personality. a.) creativity b.) authoritarianism c.) openness to experience d.) impulsivity

c.) openness to experience

The sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror defines: a.) the class of disorders known as anxiety disorders. b.) phobic disorders. c.) panic disorder. d.) generalized anxiety disorder.

c.) panic disorder.

The id operates on the _____ principle. a.) morality b.) idealism c.) pleasure d.) reality

c.) pleasure

Which function is NOT an aspect of personality? a.) behaving b.) thinking c.) sensing d.) feeling

c.) sensing

Which two neurotransmitters have been found to be implicated in depression? a.) dopamine and serotonin b.) serotonin and GABA c.) serotonin and norepinephrine d.) dopamine and ACTH

c.) serotonin and norepinephrine

People tip less when part of a group than when they are alone, illustrating the phenomenon of: a.) deindividuation. b.) the bystander intervention effect. c.) social loafing. d.) group polarization.

c.) social loafing.

When a person clearly disconfirms an observer's stereotype, the observer may create a new subcategory in order to retain the stereotype. This behavior is called: a.) stereotype plasticity. b.) cognitive dissonance. c.) subtyping. d.) flex-typing.

c.) subtyping.

A _____ can be described as a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way. a.) personal construct b.) characteristic c.) trait d.) motivation

c.) trait

Presented as a continuum, which Big Five personality factor ranges from social to retiring? a.) neuroticism b.) openness to experience c.) agreeableness d.) extraversion

d.) extraversion

To measure a person's personality, a psychologist MOST likely would: a,) follow him or her around and make observations in a variety of settings. b.) ask friends about him or her. c.) observe him or her in a stressful situation. d.) give him or her a questionnaire.

d.) give him or her a questionnaire.

Much of what people know about the members of human categories is: a.) completely false. b.) a self-fulfilling prophecy. c.) based on empirical observations. d.) hearsay.

d.) hearsay.

What is the mental disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with functioning? a.) generalized anxiety disorder b.) specific phobia c.) dissociative disorder d.) obsessive-compulsive disorder

d.) obsessive-compulsive disorder

The major contribution of the original DSM was: a.) providing detailed diagnostic criteria for the most common mental illnesses. b.) determining prevalence rates for the most common mental illnesses. c.) reframing mental illness within a biopsychosocial model. d.) providing a common language for talking about disorders.

d.) providing a common language for talking about disorders.

One of the dangers of groupthink is the group's tendency to: a.) overthink all their possible options and delay the decision-making process. b.) come up with too many solutions to a problem in an effort to reflect the unique knowledge of each of its members. c.) be unable to come up with a solution due to the bystander effect. d.) sacrifice the soundness of a decision in order to achieve interpersonal harmony.

d.) sacrifice the soundness of a decision in order to achieve interpersonal harmony.

A person's explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics is called: a.) internal locus of control. b.) external locus of control. c.) self-esteem. d.) self-concept.

d.) self-concept.