Exam One Study Guide

Casual and sometimes spontaneous getting together of groups at parties, parking lots, bars, and other locales is referred to as: "finding someone" "hanging out" "dating" "hooking up"

"hanging out"

Research on gender commonalities and differences suggests that: women express their feelings verbally more than men do women and men show only a few differences in sexual attitudes and behavior there is very little differences in the way that men and women provide support all of the response choices

All of the response choices

According to the text's discussion, myths: are more than simple mistakes all of the responses can detract from the quality of life is they are accepted. can ruin a good relationship

All of the responses

The most recent survey shows that _______ percent of all high-school teenagers have had sexual intercourse at least once. 35 48 25 11

48

By 2008, over ______ unmarried couples were living together. 6 million 500,000 2 million 10 million

6 million

Homosexual couples are more likely to argue over _____ than heterosexual couples. distrust or lying. politics and social issues money parenting

Distrust or lying

The text defines family as: none of the choices a unit composed of a husband, a wife, and their immediate children a group united by marriage or cohabitation, blood, and/or adoption in order to satisfy intimacy needs and/or bear and socialize children. consisting of a husband, a wife, their biological children, and stepchildren

a group united by marriage or cohabitation, blood, and/or adoption in order to satisfy intimacy needs and/or bear and socialize children.

Building intimacy involves which of the following parts? all of the choices interdependence intimacy as an exchange relationship self-disclosure

all of the choices

Susan Specher's research found the sense of being underbenefitted in a relationship to be associated with which of the following? lesser commitment lower satisfaction higher likelihood of breaking up all of the choices

all of the choices

Which of the following is why people are single? to pursue a career. all of the choices. preferable to being in an unhappy relationship. personal freedom.

all of the choices

Which of the following is identified in the text as a disadvantage to meeting someone on the Internet? all of the choices listed. One may want to pursue a relationship with a person who lives a great distance away. Nonverbal cues may be missed. One may find that a relationship has been begun with a person who is disturbed or even dangerous.

all of the choices listed

According to the text's discussion of gender and family experiences: all of the response choices both fathers and mothers use different discipline strategies for boys and girls. both fathers and mothers use a greater range and number of emotional terms with their daughters than with their sons. parents help their children to differentiate gender roles by treating their male and female children differently.

all of the response choices

Studies in various societies show that men commit more violent crimes than women boys exhibit a much higher preference for sports as a leisure activity than do girls all of the response choices boys prefer more aggressive kinds of activity

all of the response choices

Sandra Bem coined the term ____ to describe those people who possess both masculine, or instrumental, and feminine, or expressive, traits. berdache gender-role-specific eunuch androgyny

androgyny

"Hooking up" refers to casual and spontaneous getting together. getting involved with someone. anything from kissing to sexual intercourse between two people who are not committed to each other. dating someone exclusively.

anything from kissing to sexual intercourse between two people who are not committed to each other.

Kamo and Cohen (1998) found that black couples, compared with white couples, ________. are less likely to exhibit a high degree of cooperation and shared decision making are more egalitarian in the sharing of household tasks are less likely to expect mutual aid among extended family members are more uncertain that their children add satisfaction to their lives

are more egalitarian in the sharing of household tasks

Single women who have children are more likely to be in lower socioeconomic levels. in middle class socioeconomic levels. none of the choices; they come equally from all socioeconomic levels in upper class socioeconomic levels.

in lower socioeconomic levels

American cohabitation rated since 1960 have: gone down steadily remained stable increased dramatically increased in the early 1970s but decreased during the 1980s

increased dramatically

The number of children living with a single parent has: increased for boys but not for girls decreased in recent decades stayed about the same since 1960 increased in recent decades

increased in recent decades

Social scientist call those traits associated with the traditional male role: expressive androgynous instrumental exchange-based

instrumental

The most common reason for dating for those over 60 years of age is: recreation. intimacy and companionship. socialization. mate selection.

intimacy and companionship

Once out of school, single adults report that finding new people to date is: usually easy. much easier for men than women. more difficult. somewhat easier now with all the personal ads and singles' bars.

more difficult

The most dramatic increase in the percentage of American women in the work force has been among: single women older women whose children have left home mothers with young children divorced women

mothers with young children

Emotional overload tends to result when the single parent: neglects the children's needs neglects his or her personal needs has to divide time between a dating partner and the children in dating more than one person at the same time

neglects his or her personal needs

A single person's various relationships can be used to create a network family family of origin virtual family surrogate family

network family

Which of the following characterizations does the text employ in describing the process of breaking up? growth experience enlightening painful character building

painful

he text points out that with regard to emotions, there is evidence that: female infants are far more emotional than their male counterparts all of the response choices parents tend to teach their sons to suppress their emotions from about one year on girls appear to be naturally more nurturing than boys

parents tend to teach their sons to suppress their emotions from about one year on

According to the text's discussion of the Hispanic family: research has failed to uncover a pattern of male dominance in the Hispanic family. none of the choices Hispanic fathers become unquestioned by authority figures, while wives and children are subservient and passive. the stereotype of the Hispanic family is that of a dominant wife and mother

research has failed to uncover a pattern of male dominance in the Hispanic family.

The _____ is the totality of the beliefs and attitudes people have about themselves. self-concept gender role "I" personality

self-concept

An honest revealing of oneself to another person is referred to as cohabitation contract self-disclosure equity

self-disclosure

The number of males per 100 females is referred to as the marriage rate birth ration rate of singles sex ratio

sex ratio

One of the most consistent differences between single mothers and single fathers is that: single fathers have more income single mothers have more behavior problems with their daughters. children are more likely to express appreciation to single mothers. single fathers have more behavior problems with their sons

single fathers have more income

Among the children of the following groups, which is most likely to experience antisocial behavior? stepparent families Emotional problems are equally likely among all of the above single-parent families intact families

single-parent families

From the _____ perspective, the crucial factor explaining why women remain in abusive relationships is how the victims define their violent situation. systems conflict symbolic interactionist social exchange

symbolic interactionist

The development of personal ads is related to: the declining interest in dating. the number of people employed in small offices. the difficulty of finding a suitable dating partner. the number of people unable or unwilling to carry on a committed relationship.

the difficulty of finding a suitable dating partner

Among the Copper Inuit Eskimos: distinctly defines gender roles are not linked to the survival of the sexes among the Inuit the gender roles that the Inuit youth learn make the transition to adulthood somewhat easier for females males and females are completely androgynous in their role structures all of the response choices

the gender roles that the Inuit youth learn make the transition to adulthood somewhat easier for females

Margaret Mead concluded from her studies in New Guinea that male and female gender roles are: the result of cultural influences rapidly changing genetically linked the same the world over

the result of cultural influences

The gender-role orientation held by the smallest number of people: feminine undifferentiated androgynous masculine

undifferentiated

In 2014, the U.S. Census reported how many unmarried Americans? 72 million 105 million 132 million 52 million

105 million

The text points out that single parents are likely to face three kinds of overload. Which of the following is NOT one of these? emotional spiritual responsibility task

Spiritual

By 2008, the average household contained _____ people. 3.57 4.57 2.56 1.57

2.56

In 2009, ________ million Americans were living alone. 20.1 31.7 10.5 15.7

31.7

The term "nuclear family" refers to: an adult child and an elderly parent living together. an all-female household, such as grandmother, daughters, and daughters' children. a three generation household a husband, a wife and their dependent children.

A husband, a wife and their dependent children.

Most single-parent families are headed by: A stepparent a mother Single-parent families are equally likely to be headed by either a mother or a father. a father

A mother

Of the following ethnic categories, which has the largest percentage of children living with a mother only? White Hispanic Asian African American

African American

According to a small-sample study of university students, which of the following is true regarding dating protocol? neither groups were very traditional in their protocol beliefs whites are more traditional than African Americans both whites and African Americans were similar in protocol beliefs African Americans are more traditional than whites

African Americans are more traditional than whites

According to a small sample of university students, which of the following is true regarding dating protocol? whites are more traditional than African Americans. neither group was very traditional in their protocol. African Americans are more traditional than whites. both whites and African Americans were similar in protocol belief.

African Americans are more traditional than whites.

According to the text, couples can have: a fulfilling sex life and a happy marriage an unfulfilling and unhappy marriage a great sex life and an unhappy marriage all of the above

All of the above

A study involving a number of different countries of origin reported three factors that help account for the high level of educational attainment among Asian Americans. Which of the following is NOT one of these factors? Asian-American children are expected to defer to parental authority without question Asian-American children are reared to believe that their success in school will affect the honor of the family directly. Asian-American children are subjected to extremely harsh physical discipline There is a strong interdependance among family members, both within and beyond the nuclear unit

Asian-American children are subjected to extremely harsh physical discipline

The text defines _______ as living with someone in an intimate, sexual relationship without being legally married. cohabitation collaborating roommating cointimacy

Cohabitation

According to ________ theory, individuals come to interaction with differing and even contradictory interests, needs, and goals. symbolic interaction systems conflict functionalist

Conflict

It has been observed that women and minorities have a greater need to know what the more powerful people with whom they interact are really thinking and planning. This is a reflection of which theoretical perspective? conflict symbolic interactionist systems exchange

Conflict

When a person has fewer intimate relationships then she desires, this is referred to as: social loneliness depression alienation emotional loneliness

Emotional loneliness

______ refers to the conception of yourself as having some combination of masculine and feminine traits. The looking-glass self Gender role orientation The "I" and the "me" Sex-role orientation

Gender role orientation

Parenting in Hispanic families reflects four cultural values. Which of the following best describes the value "personalismo"? It refers to the value of harmony in relationships. It is respect for, and responsibility toward, elders. It is a value on individual character and inner qualities. It emphasizes family values and family well-being more than individual desires.

It is a value on individual character

With regard to influence in the communication process, _____ refers to such things as dropping hints, flattering someone, and behaving seductively manipulation supplication bullying disengagement

Manipulation

Suppose that we trace a person's lineage through his/her mother, grandmother, and so on. This reflects a _____ pattern of tracing. bilateral Matrilineal Patrilineal bilineal

Matrilineal

The racial/ethnic group with the highest rates of interracial marriage are Native Americans Asian Americans African Americans Hispanics

Native Americans

Which of the following is not true about Native Americans and Native American families? Native Americans have high rates of alcohol abuse. Native Americans have low rates of poverty. Native American culture emphasizes custom and tradition, the extended family, and communalism rather than individualism. More Native American children than those in other groups are being raised by grandparents.

Native Americans have low rates of poverty.

A person's sex refers to possessing a combination of masculine and feminine traits behavior associated with being male or female one's biological identification as a male or female the extent of instrumentality or expressiveness

One's biological identification as a male or female

_______ is the marriage of a woman to two or more husbands. Exogamy Polygyny Polygamy Polyandry

Polyandry

________ is the marriage of a man to two or more wives. Polygyny Endogamy Polygamy Polyandry

Polygyny

Overall, _________ households have higher rates of poverty than any other group. remarried female-headed remarried male-headed single-mother single-father

Single-mother

____________ refers to the process of learning to function effectively in a group. Status attainment Dating Interaction Socialization

Socialization

The theory often applied to marriage that states that groups are composed of individuals who influence each other and must work together to maintain the system is: symbolic interaction theory triangulation theory systems theory exchange theory

Systems theory

The country with the Western world's hughest divorce rate is: England Israel Australia The United States

The United States

According to the text, the American value that emphasizes personal achievement is called: utilitarian individualism expressive individualism utilitarian familism expressive achievement

Utilitarian individualism

Which of the following is defined as things that are preferred because people define them as worthy and desirable? Values opportunities positive impact wealth

Values

Males were most likely to talk about personal matters when? with strangers in everyday conversation while engaged in shared activity in groups

While engaged in shared activity

The most skilled interpreters of nonverbal communication and behavior are: businessmen lawyers male prostitutes women

Women

In comparing women's conversational styles to those of men, which of the following statements is FALSE? Women are more likely to qualify their statements Women ask more questions Women are more likely to begin conversations with a question Women show less ability in using eye contact and nonverbal messages

Women show less ability in using eye contact and nonverbal messages

In a national survey of 14-to 29-year-olds, which of the following received more ratings of "top importance"? having sex both getting married and having a life long partner getting married having a life long partner

both getting married and having a life long partner

During the child-rearing years, marital satisfaction: Increases dramatically due to parent's greater emphasis on family. remains much as it was before birth of the first child decreases for one or both spouses increases for most families since the husband and the wife experience increased bonding around the child

decreases for one or both spouses

In describing different reaction patterns to relationship deterioration, Rubult uses the term _____ in referring to a response of withdrawal or threatened withdrawal from the relationship. voice neglect loyalty exit

exit

Social scientist call those traits associated with the traditional female role: exchange-based expressive instrument androgynous

expressive

When we say that James should play with trucks and Jennifer should play dress-up we are describing their: sex sex-role orientations genders gender roles

gender roles

One consistent research finding when comparing married to unmarried persons is that the married sample is: less healthy but happier than unmarrieds happier and healthier than unmarried not as happy not as happy or healthy as the unmarried group

happier and healthier than unmarried

Men who agree with traditional roles: all of the response choices speak slowly and patiently and are non-competitive have attitudes conductive to the sexual harassment of women are more likely nurturers not preoccupied with work

have attitudes conductive to the sexual harassment of women

Marriage between people who are dissimilar in social and demographic characteristics reflect a pattern of: heterogamy homogamy bigamy polyandry

heterogamy