Exam review 3 Personal Nutrition, UC

Arrange the steps of aerobic respiration in order as they occur in the cell. Glucose is degraded to form pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA

1) Glucose is degraded to form pyruvate, produing a small amount of ATP 2)Pyruvate moces from the cytosol to the mitochondria 3)Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is concerted to acetyl-CoA 4)CO2 is produced and eliminated by the lungs

Select the list of micronutrients that are important in the production of acetyl CoA from pyruvate. A) thiamine, Pantothenic acid, Riboflavin, Niacin B) iron, Copper, Zinc C) calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin A Vitamin C D all of these choices are correct

A) thiamine, Pantothenic acid, Riboflavin, Niacin

The molecule that is produced by further oxidation in Phase 2, the transition reaction, and is an entry molecule of the citric acid cycle is A) pyruvate B)glucose C)ocaloacetate D)acetyl CoA

Acetyl CoA

Carbohydrates are an important macronutrient for fueling muscles. During exercise, where can the body get carbohydrates? Select all that apply. A) Carbohydrate can come from production by the pancreas B) Carbohydrate can come from glycogen stored in the muscle cells C) Carbohydrate can come from glucose available in the bloodstream

B and C

There are four primary catergories of energy expenditure. of the following which, one represents the majority of total energy use by the body? A)Basal metabolism B)Thermic effect of food C) Physical activity D)Thermogenesis

basal metabolism

Starting from an amino acid (glutamine), arrange the steps of gluconeogenesis in order. oxaloacetate phosphoenolpyruvate glucose

glutamine 1) oxaloacetate 2) phosphoenolpyruvate 3) glucose

Hameed is training for a half-marathon. He is now training at moderate intensity for 60-90 minutes most days of the week. If Hameed weighs 200 pounds, approximately how many grams of carbohydrate per day does he need to maintain glycogen storage? A) 275 g per day B) 545 g per day C) 727 g per day D) 909 g per day

545 g per day

Phosphocreatine (PCr) is a high-energy compound that can be used to re-form ATP and is useful during bursts of activity that need maximal muscle contraction for at most 60 seconds. Which of the following statements about PCr and exercise is true? Select all that apply. A) Taking creantine to increase PCr in muscles may improve performance in those who undertake repeated bursts of activity if used in doses of 20 grams per day for 5-6 days following by maintenance dose of 2 games per day. B) PCr can be stored in large quantities in the muscles C) PCr can be activated instantly

A and C

Determine whether each of the scenarios pertains to the anaerobic or aerobic breakdown of glucose. Scenario 1: Provides about 5% of the ATP made from complete glucose metabolism Scenario 2: Breakdown products include pyruvate and lactate. Scenario 3: Provides about 95% of ATP made from complete glucose metabolism Scenario 4: Breakdown products are carbon dioxide and water Scenario 5: Occurs when oxygen supply in the muscle is limited Scenario 6: Provides most of the energy needed for events that require a quick burst of energy Scenario 7: Occurs when plenty of oxygen is available in the muscle Scenario 8: Supplies more ATP than other types of glucose metabolism

Aerobic glucose breakdown Scenario 3, 4, 7, and 8 Anaerobic glucose breakdown Scenario 1, 2, 5, and 6

Determine which component of energy expenditure each senario represents by selecting the senario leabel to its appropriate classification category. Scenario 1: Charlie's body uses 100 calories to digest, absord, and process the calories from her day's food intake. Scenario 2: David burns 250 calories raking the leaves in his yard. Scenario 3: Jillian needs a minimum of 1,400 calories to keep her resting, awake body alive in a warm, quiet environment for 12 hours of more. Scenario 4: Linda's constant nervous twitch burns 200 calories over the period of one day

Basal metabolism: Scenario 3 Physical activity: scenario 2 Thermic effect of food: Scenario 1 Thermogenesis: Scenario 4

There are a number of intervention strategies that can be employed to promote behavior modification geared toward weight loss. Determine which behavior modification strategy is explained by the scenario in the label and select the label to its appropriate strategy category. Scenario 1: Brenda has asked her receptionist to put the baked goods that are usually open on the break room counter into a package to be stored in the cabinet Scenario 2: Louis knows that if he goes home after work he will never leave again to go to the gym; now, he packs his gym clothes and takes his bag to work, changing after work and going directly to the gym instead of going home. Scenario 3: Tina has stopped organizing a happy hour with margaritas and tortilla chips after a stressful day at work; instead, she now conducts an after-work walking group with co-workers to relieve stress. Scenario 4: Bill used to go to the snack bar for a large bag of peanuts at his son's T-Ball game, just because he always eats peanuts with baseball; now he bypasses the snack bar. Scenario 5: Wendy was concerned because she was gaining weight when she ate what she thought was a 1,500-calorie per day diet, which should have promoted weight loss; she started writing down everything she ate and drank each day and how she felt and realized she was eating more than 2,200 calories per day on days when she was stressed and did not exercise, which was promoting weight gain.

Chain-breaking: Scenario 4 Stimulus control: Scenario 1 Cognitive restructuring: Scenario 3 Contingency management: Scenario 2 Self-monitoring: Scenario 5

Determine whether the label scenario's comparison lends to an increased or decreased basal metabolism by selecting the label to its appropriate classification category. being female vs. male being pregnant vs. not pregnant having more fat vs. more lean body mass Smoking cigarettes vs. not smoking cigarettes

Decreasing bassal metabolism: Having more fat vs. more lean body mass Being female vs. male Indreasing basal metabolism Being pregnant vs. not pregnant Smoking cigarettes vs. not smoking cigarettes

Eating can be motivated by hunger or appetite. Classify each of the following scenarios as examples of hunger of appetite. Scenarios 1: After a 6-mile run, you feel weak and shaky, which are signs of low blood sugar. You stop at a vending machine and get a package of crackers to eat. Scenarios 2: After eating lunch, you feel satiated. However, when your friend asks you to join him for an ic cream, you get dessert anyway. Scenarios 3: after a long day of school following by work, you notice your stomach is rumbling. You open the refrigerator and grab a container of yogurt. Scenario 4: You are up late, studying for an exam. Without realizing it, you ate an entire bag of potato chips while reviewing your flashcards

Hunger: Senario 1 and 3 Appetite: Senario 2 and 4

Lawrence is an overweight male adult embarking on his first attempt at weight loss. He has heard that in order to lose one pound of fat per week, he should cut kilocalories by 500 kilocalories per day from his normal intake. What is the theory behind the notion that a 500-kilocalorie daily deficit promotes weight loss of one pound of fat per week? A) It doesn't; he should increase calories by 150 kilocalories per day to speed up metabolism, which will help lose one pound of fat per week B)One pound of fat tissue has 3,500 kilocalories; 3,500 kilocalories divided by 7 days in a week means 500 kilocalories less per day will help him lose one pound of fat per week. B)One pound of fat tissue has 3,500 kilocalories; 3,500 kilocalories divided by 7 days in a week means 500 kilocalories less per day will help him lose one pound of fat per week. C)Lean muscle mass growth is stimulated by calorie reduction; lean muscle mass growth promotes fat burning at a rate of approximately one pound of fat lost per week with a daily 500-kilocalorie deficit. D) It doesn't; he cannot lose one pound of fat per week with only dietary changes and he will need to include cardiovascular exercise to promote one pound of fat loss per week

One pound of fat tissue has 3,500 kilocalories; 3,500 kilocalories divided by 7 days in a week means 500 kilocalories less per day will help him lose one pound of fat per week.

Dtermine which macronutrient is the most important for the scenario list below. Scenario 1: This should constitude the greates percentage of calories for all macronutrients ofr endurance althletes in training Scenario 2: This is the most important macronutrient to consumer during exercise duration surpasses one hour Scenario 3: Contribution of this macronutrient to energy needs for fueling muscles is generally small Scenario 4: This is an important energy source for low or moderate aerobic exercise that lasts for an exended period

Protein: Scenario 3 Fat: Scenario 4 Carbohydrate: Scenario 1 and 2

Energy balance is a function of calories in vs. calories out. Put scenario to its appropriate energy balance classification. Scenario 1: During spring brack, you go on an all-day hike> If you consume 2,200 calories and you burn 2,750 calories that day, your energy balnce statud is... Scenario 2: In July, you spend a day walkinig around that county fair and sampling the fair foods. If you consume 2,400 calories at the fair and burn 1,800 calories that day, your energy balance status is.. Scenario 3: At the end of the semester, you spend an entire day studying for exams. If you consume 1,500 calories and burn 1,500 caories that day, your energy balance status is..

Scenario 1: negative energy balance Scenario 2: positive energy balance Scenario 3: Equilibrium

Of the energy systems available for use by exercising muscles, which one allows cells to produce the most amount of ATP? A) The lactic acid energy system B) The PCr-ATP energy system C) The oxygen energy system D) All three energy systems yield the same amount of ATP

The oxygen energy system

Select the following substrates that directly result in production of acetyl-CoA without breakdown through gylcoylsis: Select all that apply: triglycerides cholesterol amino acids glucose

Triglycerides amino acids

Carbohydrate loading involves an increase in carbohydrate intake, which also leads to an increase in muscle storage of which of the following? A) salt B)water C) Protein D) Fat

Water

Select the appropriate substrates that are broken down through catabolic processes and those that are not affected by catabolism. sugar protein fat fiber iron strach

affected by Catabolic Processes: fat, sugar, protein starch Not affected by Catabolic Processes: Iron and fiber

ATP can be produced as a by-product of the metabolism of a number of substrates. Which substrates are possible sources of ATP? Select all that apply. amino acids triglycerides glucose alcohol

amino acids triglycerides glucose alcohol