exam three study 1

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________.

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers

Which of the following states best describes angular movements

they change the angle between two bones

the type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a

third degree burn

the medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the _________ligament

tibial collateral

the function of an osteoprogenitor cell in osseous tissue is

to produce new osteoblasts

A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric.

true

An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.

true

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

true

For a doctor, simply looking at a patient's skin can help in making a diagnosis.

true

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

true

The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes.

true

the force of tmuscle contraction is controlled by multiple motor unit summation or recruitement

true

which of the following movements is a good example of supination

turning the hand palm upward

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from

ultraviolet radiation

which of the following bones is classified as irregular in shape

vertebra

In the skeletal system, compact bone is located

where bones are most heavily stressed

Which of the following statements is true?

Striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei.

Which joint type can perform rotation movements?

ball and socket

a single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called

a motor unit

The mechanical force of contraction is generated by

a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones

Muscle tone is ________.

a state of sustained partial contraction

the skeletal muscle complex known as the triad consists of

a transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae

a movement away from the longitudinal axis of the bbody in the frontal plane is

abduction

Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.

abduction and adduction

the cytoplasm of the neurouscular terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurostransmitter

acetycholine

Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after

acetylcholine bonds to chemically-gated channels in the end plate membrane

Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract?

acetylcholine causes temporary permiability of sodium

the most important factor in decreasing the intracellular concetration of calcium ion after contraction is

active transport of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Rickets can be prevented by

adequate sunlight and dietary intake of cholecalciferol

When a skeletal muscle fiber contracts,

all of the above

which of the following statements characterizes bones and bone tissue?

all of the answer are correct

in the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

all synovial joints are freely movable

which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer

basal cell carcinoma

The normal movement of the knee joint during walking involves

both flexion and extension

The surface of articular cartilage is

both slick and smooth

Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of

calcium

Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction?

calcium allows the binding of myosin to actin

which statement about excitation-contraction coupling is incorrect

calcium ion is released from the transvers tubule

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called

canaliculi

What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn?

catastrophic fluid loss

glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ____________glands

ceruminous

in an isotonic contraction, the muscle

changes in length and moves the "load"

which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system

communication

the structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?

compact bone

osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

connective tissue

isometric contractions produce

contractions

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the

dermis

all of the following are true of the pigment melanin except that it

descreases in concentration within ceels during exposure to the sun

which of the following associations is most accurate

diarthroses, synovial

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?

diarthrotic

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by

dilating blood vessels

Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is

dorsiflexion

the protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is

elastin

which of the following movements is a good example of hyperextension

extreme bending of the head backwards

All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.

false

Short, irregular, and flat bones have large marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light.

false

the wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements

false

a surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermis. This will result in

faster healing of the skin and less scaring

contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in

flexion of the forearm

Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in

giantism

which of the following is not one of the functions of the skin?

gives the body its overall shape, loss of this function can be seen with the drooping of skin with age

which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements

gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joint

a fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint

gomphosis

the synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a

gomphosis

a fascicle is

group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium.

cynaosis signifies that a patient

has oxygen-starved skin

which of the following is not a function of the muscular system

hematopoisis

the lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion

holocrine

bone structure is determined by which of the following

hormones, diet, mechanical stress, muscle attachments

Each skeletal muscle fiber contains ________ myofibrils.

hundreds of thousands

the articular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of cartilage

hyaline cartilage

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

hyperextension

secondary ossification centers occur

in the epiphysis

which of the following examples listed below illstrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback

release of sweat by eccrine glands in response to heat

A lack of exercise could

result in porous and weak bones

which of the following movements does not increase or decrease the angle between bones

rotation

which of the following can actually shorten during muscle contraction

sarcomeres

an elaborate an specialized network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that function in calcium storage is the

sarcoplasmic reticulum

glands discharge their secretions into hair follicles are ___________glands

sebaceous

Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ________.

secretion

which of the following movements is a good example of abduction

spreading the fingers

Which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly reddened papule and tends to grow rapidly and metastasize?

squamous cell carcinoma

the layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the

stratum corneum

Skull bones are joined by tight connections called

sutures

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

A suture is an example of a(n)

synarthrosis

An immovable joint is a(n)

synarthrosis

a sarcomere is

the contractile unit between

A long bone increases in length until

the epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified

stratum ones

2,5,4,1,3

Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep: 1. muscle fiber 2. perimysium 3. myofibril 4. fascicle 5. endomysium 6. epimysium

6,2,4,5,1,3

which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food

elevation

which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane

epidermis, dermis, hyperdermis

Which joints are correctly matched?

ankle; hinge

the ___________glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty

apocrine sweat

the glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called__________glands

aprocrine

Bursae are found in all of the following areas except

around blood vessels

the surge of sex hormones that accompanies puberty has a wide range of effects on the body. One of those effects is to enhance the activity of the sebaceous glands, increasing the production of sebum. Which of the following is the most likely to result from the increased sebaceous activity?

increased oily appearance and more acne

parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways, except that it

inhibit calcitonin secretion

Ossification of flat bones is called

intramembranous

Ossification of the ends of long bones

is produced by secondary ossification centers

The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers do not shorten is called

isometric

a weight-lifter strains to lift a heavy weight and there is no movement of the person's arms holding on to the weight. This type of contraction is called a

isometric contraction

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?

it contains hyaluronic acid

the protein that contributes to many of the skins protective qulaitities is called

keratin

the humerus is an example of an ________bone

long

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,

long bones have reached their adult length

The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the

metaphysis

Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the

motor end plate

which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contraction

motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from sr, atp driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments

the contractile units of skeletal muscle are

myofibrils

which of the following movements is a good example of depression?

opening the mouth

Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called

osteoblasts

Select the bone disorder in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones?

osteoporosis

the single most important risk for skin cancer is

overexposure to UV radiation

thick skin can be found on the

palms

a dendritic or langerhan call is pecialized

phagocytic cell

the glidding motion of the wrist uses __________joints

plane

the cruciate ligaments of the knee

prevent hyperextension of the knee

moving your jaw forawrd, causing an underbite is called

protraction