EXAM3 Ch31

When trying to explain hypothyroidism to a newly diagnosed client, the nurse stresses the fact that the thyroid hormone is transported in blood by specific:

Proteins

Paracrine action involves which of the following characteristics?

Act locally on cells other than those that produce the hormone

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) performs which of the following roles in the functioning of the endocrine system?

Acting as a second messenger to mediate hormone action on target cells

Hormones are usually divided into categories according to their structure. The release of epinephrine would be classified as:

Amines and amino acids

When discussing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with students, the instructor will emphasize that these hormones are under the control of:

Anterior pituitary gland

The release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells can inhibit its further release from the same cells. This is an example of which type of hormone action?

Autocrine

A nursing student who has a history of brain tumors that resulted in partial removal of her pituitary gland years ago is asking her OB/GYN doctor about her ability to breast-feed her infant. This is based on which physiological function of the pituitary gland that facilitates breast milk production?

Lactotrophs

When sensors detect a change in a hormone level, the hormonal response is regulated by which of the following mechanisms that will return the level to within normal range.

Feedback

A diabetic client is controlled on Avandia (rosiglitazone), a thiazolidinedione medication that acts at the level of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) to promote:

Glucose uptake

A hormone has been synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of an endocrine cell after which it has moved into the Golgi complex, been packaged in a vesicle, and been released into circulation. From the following list, which hormone is synthesized and released in this manner?

Insulin

While teaching a science class, the instructor mentions that both autocrine and paracrine hormonal actions occur without entering the blood stream. The instructor then asks the students, "What cells do paracrine actions affect?" The student with the correct answer is:

Local

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary in the normal functioning of the endocrine system?

Posterior pituitary hormones are produced in the hypothalamus but released from the pituitary gland.

As part of maintaining homeostasis, hormones secreted by endocrine cells are inactivated continuously to:

Prevent accumulation

When hypofunction of an endocrine organ is suspected, which hormone test can be administered to measure and assess target gland response?

Stimulation

A client has received an injection containing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and is now being assessed for levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This client has undergone which of the following diagnostic tests?

Stimulation testing

Thyroid and steroid hormones, which exert their effect on target cells by way of nuclear receptors, have which of the following characteristics?

The ability to cross the cell membrane of target cells

When describing to a newly diagnosed diabetic client how insulin is regulated, the nurse will draw upon her knowledge of which hormonal regulation mechanism?

The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

Which of the following physiologic processes best exemplifies a positive feedback mechanism?

The increase in prolactin secretion that occurs with more frequent breast-feeding

Which of the following statements about immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) testing for measuring plasma hormone levels is most accurate?

These tests are very specific since they utilize two antibodies instead of one.

A client with many nonspecific complaints has been ordered a positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for evaluation of:

Tumors located on the endocrine glands

In major athletic competition, athletes are required to submit to liquid chromatography testing looking for:

Use of performance-enhancing agents to increase the chances of winning