EXAMINATION REVIEW FOR ULTRASOUND: CHAPTER 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS

Which of the following is not a synonym for axial resolution? A. Angular B. Range C. Depth D. Radial

A. Angular

Which of the following is not a method of creating 3D images? A. Broadband technology B. 2D array technology C. Free hand technique D. Mechanical technique

A. Broadband technology

Which type of interference results in a higher-amplitude sound wave? A. Constructive interference B. Destructive interference C. True interference D. False interference

A. Constructive interference

Which of the following transducers is not used for imaging? A. Continuous-wave transducers B. Curved sequenced array transducers C. Linear sequenced array transducers D. Phased array transducers

A. Continuous-wave transducers

Which transducer has no range resolution? A. Continuous-wave transducers B. Curved sequenced array transducer C. Linear sequenced array transducers D. Phased array transducers

A. Continuous-wave transducers

Which of the following electrical patterns produces electronic focusing of the ultrasound beam? A. Curved B. Sloped C. Spiral D. Circular

A. Curved

Which of the following best describes the components of the damping material? A. Epoxy resin loaded with tungsten B. Resin made with lead zirconate titanate C. Polyvinylidene fluoride D. Tungsten impregnated with lead

A. Epoxy resin loaded with tungsten

Which of the following is not a component of spatial resolution? A. Frame resolution B. Contrast resolution C. Axial resolution D. Elevational resolution

A. Frame resolution

Which of the following would cause a decrease in temporal resolution? A. Increased line density B. Decreased sector size C. Single transmit zone D. Increased PRF

A. Increased line density

Which resolution typically has the lowest number in clinical imaging? A. Longitudinal B. Lateral C. Transverse D. Azimuthal

A. Longitudinal

Imaging transducers typically have... A. Low-quality factors, wide bandwidths B. High-quality factors, narrow bandwidths C. Low-quality factors, narrow bandwidths D. High-quality factors, wide bandwidths

A. Low-quality factors, wide bandwidths

Which of the following is defined as the minimum distance two reflectors can be, parallel to the beam, and still appear on the screen as two dots? A. Range resolution B. Angular resolution C. Contrast resolution D. Transverse resolution

A. Range resolution

Which of the following is represented as time, or the ability to display structures in real time? A. Temporal resolution B. Axial resolution C. Longitudinal resolution D. Contrast resolution

A. Temporal resolution

Which of the following is true concerning the frequency and the near-zone length, assuming a single-element, unfocused transducer? A. The higher the frequency, the longer the near-zone length B. The lower the frequency, the longer the near-zone length C. Frequency and near-zone length are not related D. Increasing the frequency causes divergence in the near field

A. The higher the frequency, the longer the near-zone length

To produce a transducer with a higher frequency one should... A. Use a thinner piezoelectric element B. Use a thicker piezoelectric element C. Use more damping D. Use less damping

A. Use a thinner piezoelectric element

Which of the following is not a true statement? A. Lateral resolution varies with depth B. A larger aperture results in a shorter near-zone length C. A larger aperture produces less divergence in the far field D. Lateral resolution may also be referred to as azimuthal resolution

B. A larger aperture results in a shorter near-zone length

Which of the following describes the range of frequencies present within the beam? A. Matching layer B. Bandwidth C. Array D. Wavefront

B. Bandwidth

How are ultrasound transducers typically sterilized? A. Heating to the Curie temperature B. Cold-sterilization methods C. Autoclaving D. Alcohol immersion

B. Cold-sterilization methods

Which of the following is the resolution in the third dimension of the beam? A. Lateral resolution B. Elevational resolution C. Contrast resolution D. Longitudinal resolution

B. Elevational resolution

Temporal resolution relates to which of the following? A. Lateral resolution B. Frame rate C. Range ambiguity D. Element diameter

B. Frame rate

Along with crystal diameter (aperture), the divergence in the far field is also determined by which of the following? A. Spatial pulse length B. Frequency C. Propagation speed D. Line density

B. Frequency

Damping material produces all of the following except... A. Decreased sensitivity B. Increased SPL C. Wide bandwidths D. Low-quality factors

B. Increased SPL

Which of the following is true of the diameter of the sound beam in the Fresnel zone? A. It increases with distance from the transducer B. It decreases with distance from the transducer C. It does not change with distance from the transducer D. It is unpredictable

B. It decreases with distance from the transducer

The portion of the transducer that comes in contact with the patient is the... A. Backing material B. Matching layer C. Wire D. Damping material

B. Matching layer

Which of the following facilitates the transmission of sound from the element into the patient's skin? A. Damping material B. Matching layer C. Tungsten covering D. Focusing material

B. Matching layer

Which of the following produces a pie-shaped image? A. Linear sequenced array B. Phased array C. Curved sequenced array D. Convex transducer

B. Phased array

Which of the following transducers is also referred to as a sector or vector transducer? A. Linear sequential array B. Phased array C. Continuous-wave transducer D. Curved sequential array transducer

B. Phased array

Which of the following best describes the frame rate? A. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition frequency multiplied by the lines per frame B. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition frequency divided by the lines per frame C. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition period divided by the lines per frame D. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition period multiplies by the lines per frame

B. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition frequency divided by the lines per frame

If the depth is increased and the frame rate is unchanged, what else must have decreased? A. The pulse repetition period B. The number of lines per frame C. The duty factor D. The output power

B. The number of lines per frame

Which of the following shortens the length of the pulse by decreasing the number of cycles in the pulse? A. Matching material B. Piezoelectric element C. Backing material D. PZT

C. Backing material

Which of the following would be best utilized for imaging of deep structures in the abdomen? A. Endocavitary transducer B. Linear sequenced array transducer C. Curved sequenced array transducer D. Continuous-wave transducer

C. Curved sequenced array transducer

Which of the following is the part of the transducer that stops the ringing of the element? A. Matching layer B. Housing C. Damping material D. Insulator

C. Damping material

Which of the following is not true of damping? A. Damping decreases the number of cycles in a pulse B. Damping decreases spatial pulse length C. Damping worsens axial resolution D. Damping decreases the sensitivity of the transducer

C. Damping worsens axial resolution

Which of the following may also be referred to as the far zone? A. Frame zone B. Fresnel zone C. Fraunhofer zone D. Frankincense zone

C. Fraunhofer zone

Which of the following would most likely decrease beam divergence in the far field? A. Large crystal diameter, low frequency B. Small crystal diameter, low frequency C. Large crystal diameter, high frequency D. Small crystal diameter, high frequency

C. Large crystal diameter, high frequency

Which of the following would most likely increase the near-zone length? A. Large crystal diameter, low frequency B. Small crystal diameter, low frequency C. Large crystal diameter, high frequency D. Small crystal diameter, high frequency

C. Large crystal diameter, high frequency

Along with image depth, which of the following also determines the frame rate? A. Axial resolution B. Damping C. Number of lines per frame D. Lateral resolution

C. Number of lines per frame

In an unfocused, single-element transducer, the width at the focal point of the sound beam measures how much compared to the beam width at the face of the transducer? A. One-forth B. One-third C. One-half D. Equal

C. One-half

Which of the following is defines as changing the timing of the shocking of the elements in order to shape and steer the beam? A. Angulation B. Focusing C. Phasing D. Bundling

C. Phasing

Which of the following transducers can be described as having the scan lines originate from a common point of origin? A. Sector array B. Vector array C. Curvilinear array D. Linear sequenced array

C. Sector array

Which of the following will not affect temporal resolution? A. Line density B. Image depth C. Spatial pulse length D. Number of focal zones

C. Spatial pulse length

Which of the following describes the result of destructive interference? A. The resulting wave is much larger than the original wave B. The resulting wave is a little larger than the original wave C. The resulting wave is smaller than the original wave D. Destructive interference does not occur with diagnostic imaging

C. The resulting wave is smaller than the original wave

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an unfocused single-element transducer? A. At the face of the transducer, the beam diameter is equal to the element diameter B. At a distance of one near-zone length, the beam diameter is equal to one half of the diameter of the element C. At a distance of two near-zone lengths, the beam diameter again equals the element diameter D. At the face of the transducer, the beam diameter is twice the size of the element thickness

D. At the face of the transducer, the beam diameter is twice the size of the element thickness

Which of the following would be considered the narrowest part of a sound beam? A. Far zone B. Near zone C. Fresnel zone D. Focal zone

D. Focal zone

What states that waves are the result of the interference of many wavelets produced at the face of the transducer? A. Curie's principle B. Snell's law C. Bernoulli's law D. Huygen's principle

D. Huygen's principle

Which of the following would cause an increase in frame rate? A. Multi-focusing B. Increased line density C. Increased imaging depth D. Increased PRF

D. Increased PRF

What does heat sterilization do to an ultrasound transducer? A. Gives it better axial resolution B. Improves the lateral resolution of the transducer C. Kills all the bacteria and viruses D. Kills pathogens and destroys the transducer

D. Kills pathogens and destroys the transducer

Which type of resolution is an accurate representation of moving structures? A. Lateral resolution B. Azimuthal resolution C. Spatial resolution D. Temporal resolution

D. Temporal resolution

Which of the following is not true of the linear sequenced array transducer? A. Rectangular shape image B. Firing is sequential C. Electronically focused D. The elements are arranged in a ring

D. The elements are arranged in a ring

Which of the following is not a true statement about a mechanical transducer? A. It uses a motor to steer the beam B. Most transducers are no longer mechanical C. May be focused with a lens or phased focused D. There are no moving parts

D. There are no moving parts