EXER 432 Midterm Review

The researcher obtained a significant F from the ANOVA. Omega squared was found to be .30. This is interpreted to mean that

30% of the total variance is accounted for by the treatments

What is the mode(s) for the following set of numbers? (5, 10, 4, 1, 4, 5, 12, 8, 9, 4 ) Answers: 4 5 5.5 4 and 5

4

A researcher finds a correlation of .70 between popularity ratings and self-concept scores. What percentage of common association can be inferred between the two variables?

49%

Another term for the mean is the

Average

Which of the following statements is true concerning ERIC? Answers: It only contains journal articles. It includes both journal articles and reports from conferences. The Education Index database contains all of the same documents as the ERIC database. ERIC includes references and abstracts from doctoral dissertations.

It includes both journal articles and reports from conferences.

The extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the treatments used in the study is the definition of what kind of validity? criterion internal content external

internal

Which of the following is not a common error in the review of literature sections of theses?

synthesizing and interpreting the findings of previous research

If the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there really is a difference, this is an example of a Answers: one-tailed test two-tailed test type I error type II error

type II error

In an item analysis, 14 of the 20 high-ability students answered an item correctly, whereas only 8 of the 20 low-ability students did. What is the discrimination index for this item? Answers: .30 .40 .50 .60 .70

.30

The premise that the scores from the Minnesota Attitude Inventory are a valid measure of attitude toward school is an example of a Answers: limitation research hypothesis null hypothesis basic assumption

basic assumption

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher is proceeding on the belief that self-concept can be changed in a summer (three months). This is an example of a(n) Answers: limitation operational definition basic assumption research hypothesis

basic assumption

The abstract of a study should Answers: dwell primarily on the theoretical bases for the study be a concise summary of the study be a lengthy summary of the study be mysterious in order to stimulate the reader to read the entire study

be a concise summary of the study

When a researcher claims that there is a difference between treatments (i.e., rejects the null hypothesis) when there really is no difference, what type of error is this? Answers: type I error type II error

type I error

With regard to capitalization only in APA style, which of these references is/are correct? Answers: (Book) Plagenhoef, S. C. Patterns of human motion (Journal) Cassell, J. Ethical patterns in fieldwork. American Educational Research Journal (Journal) Miller, S. I. Defining Educational Policy Studies as a Field. Educational Studies a and b

a and b

Reliability of a measure may be established by Answers: giving the test to the same people on two different occasions and correlating the two sets of scores correlating scores from alternate forms of the same test correlating the test with some independent criterion a and b only a, b, and c

a and b only

In describing participants in the methods section of a research report, which of the following should be included? Answers: number of participants procedures for testing participants pertinent descriptive characteristics of participants a and c a, b, and c

a and c

A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) by comparing classes that use this method with classes that do not. The researcher expects the CAI classes to show higher gains in achievement. This expectation is

a hypothesis

A null hypothesis is Answers: nearly always the same as the research hypothesis a statistical hypothesis that assumes that the participants in two treatment groups were unequal before treatment began a statistical hypothesis that assumes that there is a difference among the effects of treatments a statistical hypothesis that assumes that there is no difference among the effects of treatments

a statistical hypothesis that assumes that there is no difference among the effects of treatments

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The independent variable is Answers: self-concept three months adventure summer camp age level

adventure summer camp

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The categorical variable is Answers: self-concept three months adventure summer camp age level

age level

The single score that best represents all the scores in a distribution is the definition of Answers: central tendency standard deviation variability parametrics

central tendency

A statistical technique that tests for significant differences between observed and expected frequencies of occurrence is analysis of covariance canonical correlation Mann-Whitney test chi square

chi square

Which of the following is a technique for providing information about the reliability of an instrument? Answers: bivariate prediction coefficient alpha factor analysis chi square

coefficient alpha

Comparing test items with the course objectives (course topics) checks which type of validity? Answers: content predictive concurrent construct

content

Prediction studies use which of the following as the basic analysis technique? Answers: ANOVA correlation factor analysis multiple-range comparison

correlation

A physical education teacher develops a skill test in volleyball. After administering the test to 50 students, she asks the volleyball coach to rate the students on volleyball skills. She then correlates the students' test scores with the coach's rating. This is an example of what type of validity? Answers: A physical education teacher develops a skill test in volleyball. After administering the test to 50 students, she asks the volleyball coach to rate the students on volleyball skills. She then correlates the students' test scores with the coach's rating. This is an example of what type of validity? Answers: criterion validity logical validity content validity face validity

criterion validity

For a predicted score of 30 and a standard error of estimate of 6, the chances are 95 out of 100 that the true score will be between Answers: 30 and 36 24 and 36 18 and 42 12 and 48

18 and 42

For a group of normally distributed scores with a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 6, the middle 68% of the scores will be between

24 and 36

A researcher wishes to know whether there is a significant difference in the number of knee injuries reported among four sports. How many degrees of freedom are there for this chi-square analysis?

3

What is the median score for the following set of numbers? (3, 11, 8, 13, 5, 3, 6) Answers: 5 6 7 8

6

A study involves the comparison of two instructional methods on achievement in math. Two classrooms are used; one method is administered in each classroom. The researcher notices that the pretest scores show differences between the two groups. To control for the influence of the pretest scores on the posttest scores, the researcher should use Answers: ANOVA MANOVA discriminant analysis ANCOVA

ANCOVA

Which of these statements is/are true concerning the "significance of the study" section in the introduction of a thesis? Answers: The section should have continuity with the introduction. The section should point out conflicts with previous research. The section should describe gaps in previous knowledge relative to the study. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is information that should be found in the section on design and analysis of the data?

An ANOVA was used to compare the three groups.

In evaluating the methods section of a research report, which is a very important question to keep in mind? Answers: Did the author clearly state the problem? Did the author provide enough information that the study could be repeated? Were the statistical data clearly summarized in tables or figures? Were each of the subjects clearly identified?

Did the author provide enough information that the study could be repeated?

A researcher wishes to compare the effects of two instructional methods given at two age levels on achievement on a test of knowledge of rules and on a test of strategy. The appropriate statistical analysis would be Answers: MANOVA discriminant analysis multiple regression factorial ANOVA

MANOVA

Three levels of a treatment variable were evaluated for males and females on three dependent variables. A significant F is reported for the interaction of treatment and gender on a linear composite of the three dependent variables. Which statistical analysis was used? Answers: factorial ANOVA discriminant analysis LISREL MANOVA

MANOVA

The part of the methods section of the research paper that describes the activities of each treatment group is Answers: Participants Instruments Procedures Design and Analysis

Procedures

When a researcher decides that an appropriate analysis for a research model is to evaluate how several variables might influence two other variables that in turn influence the outcome variable of interest, the appropriate statistical analysis is Answers: Structural Equation Modeling canonical correlation multiple regression factor analysis

Structural Equation Modeling

In the instruments part of the methods section, the author should include a description of the

Test the characteristics of validity and reliability

For confidentiality, the researcher should Answers: make certain no unauthorized individuals have access to the research data inform the participants about the people who will have access to the data remove names from data-collection instruments and replace them with a code all of the above

all of the above

If the null hypothesis is false, one may assume the research hypothesis is the explanation for the results if Answers: p < .05 there is no experimenter bias all other possible explanations have been controlled there is a reasonable number of participants in each group

all other possible explanations have been controlled

When the purpose of the research is to determine the effects of one independent variable (e.g., four groups) on one dependent variable (e.g., self-concept), the best choice of a statistical analysis is Answers: analysis of variance multiple t tests discriminant analysis MANOVA

analysis of variance

References to books should include Answers: author, date, title, city of publication, publisher's name author, date, title, publisher's name, city of publication, page numbers author, date, title, publisher's name, page numbers author, date, title, publisher's name, city and state of publication, page numbers

author, date, title, city of publication, publisher's name

A researcher wishes to determine whether a treatment group made a significant improvement from the pretest (M = 25) to the posttest (M = 30). The correct statistical test to use to compare the two means is the dependent t test Spearman r Pearson r independent t test

dependent t test

The determining factor in the order of authorship of a research publication is that the first author is the person who Answers: develops the idea and plans the research gathers the data analyzes and interprets the data is alphabetically first by surname

develops the idea and plans the research

A measure of meaningfulness that expresses the difference between the experimental and control group in standard deviation units is the Answers: effect size r squared omega squared chi square

effect size

A researcher decides to use an alpha of .01 and a power of .80. To determine the needed sample size the researcher must ascertain the expected Answers: beta stem-and-leaf distribution effect size skewness

effect size

The generalizability of the results pertains to what kind of validity? external internal construct logical

external

A threat to the validity of rating scales is that the rater may tend to let her previous knowledge of the student in another capacity (e.g., another course) influence the rating. This threat is called the Answers: Hawthorne effect personal bias effect halo effect reminiscence effect

halo effect

When a tester divides the number of students who answered a test item correctly by the number of students who attempted the item, the result is called index of difficulty index of discrimination item variance KR-20 index

index of difficulty

A research hypothesis Answers: is directly testable is nearly always the same as the null hypothesis depends on the statistical hypothesis predicts the technique used to analyze the data

is directly testable

A thesis was submitted with the title "A study comparing the achievement of sixth-grade students in Moscow, Idaho, instructed in health education through closed-circuit television and regular classroom procedure for a period of 16 weeks." This title Answers: fails to identify the broad area of research is likely to be indexed improperly is too long does not tell what the study has done

is too long

Special language that is regularly used in a particular field but which may not be meaningful to people outside the field is called Answers: communication jargon concealment confutation

jargon

If two measures have a high positive correlation, and a person has a low score on one measure, her score on the other measure is most likely to be Answers: low high the same score dependent on whether one variable is the cause of the other

low

If there is a correlation of .80 between a test of scholastic aptitude and performance on an achievement test, one can infer that

no causation can be inferred

Defining volleyball skill as a score on the AAHPERD Volleyball Test is a(n): Answers: operational definition experimental definition constituted definition dictionary definition

operational definition

The term that denotes using ideas, writings, or drawings of others as your own is Answers: proselytizing misrepresentation confutation plagiarism

plagiarism

In which part of the methods section should you expect to find information about when the participants were tested? Answers: Participants Instruments Procedures Design and Analysis

procedures

If a thermometer measured the temperature in an oven as 400° five days in a row when the temperature was actually 337°, this measuring instrument would be considered Answers: reliable and valid valid but not reliable reliable but not valid unreliable and invalid

reliable but not valid

The primary sources of a literature review are Answers: the most current indexes encyclopedia summaries research journal articles recent textbooks

research journal articles

The type of scale that uses items such as "Worthless-Valuable" is called a Answers: Thorndike scale Thurstone scale semantic differential scale Likert scale

semantic differential scale

After receiving approval from the university committee on the use of humans as research participants (Institutional Review Board), the researcher may begin the study any time within three years. does not have to obtain informed consent from participants if they are from the same university. does not have to obtain informed consent if the participants are volunteers. should include a description of this compliance in the methods section of the thesis or dissertation.

should include a description of this compliance in the methods section of the thesis or dissertation.

The term that describes the position of the hump in the curve of a distribution is Answers: kurtosis the stem skewness the leaves

skewness

In the example in chapter 1 of the experiment that compared aerobic dance with jogging, what was the dependent variable? age of the participants number of exercise sessions per week skinfold-measured fat gender

skinfold-measured fat

The standard deviation represents the

spread of scores about the mean

Another term that describes the unscientific method of tenacity is intuition rationalization objectivity superstition

superstition

A researcher wishes to survey student opinions on a proposed increase in fees at her university. She decides to select a sample for telephone interviewing by selecting every 20th name in the student directory. What is this type of sampling called? Answers: systematic random stratified cluster

systematic

Four skills tests are tried as predictors of success in a tennis class. Each test correlates with later success as follows: test A, r = .27; test B, r = -.90; test C, r = -.40; test D, r = .65. The test that will most accurately predict success is Answers: test A test B test C test D

test B

The t test is used to Answers: adjust for initial differences within the groups estimate the error of prediction test whether two groups differ significantly determine reliability of the tests

test whether two groups differ significantly

In logistic regression, one is able to predict Answers: a continuous variable group membership the probability of an occurrence a multiple criterion variable

the probability of an occurrence

According to the American Psychological Association, when a graduate student submits her thesis or dissertation for publication jointly with the major professor, the first author should be Answers: the student the major professor the one who developed the idea for the study whoever submits the study for publication

the student

An operational definition of human intelligence is Answers: the ability to employ abstract reasoning in the solving of problems those characteristics that are measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children the ability to use language and symbols those characteristics that differentiate between humans and the higher animals

those characteristics that are measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

A two-way (factorial) ANOVA with more than one person per cell will yield F values for which of following contrasts? Answers: three F values, one each for rows, interaction, and residual two F values, one each for rows and columns three F values, one each for rows, columns, and interaction two F values, one each for main effect and interaction

three F values, one each for rows, columns, and interaction

Compared to applied research, basic research is of more immediate value to the practitioner is done in the "real world," such as the classroom usually offers more control, such as that done in a laboratory questions cannot be easily answered

usually offers more control, such as that done in a laboratory

Use of a one-tailed versus a two-tailed test of significance of the difference between two sample means depends on Answers: whether there is expected overlap between the error curves of the two sample distributions whether the difference is expected to be in one direction only the size of the samples relative to population size whether the participants were matched or chosen randomly

whether the difference is expected to be in one direction only

In a study designed to assess the comparative effectiveness of two workbooks used in teaching students about laboratory procedures, the independent variable of the study would be

workbooks

For a study with two (or more) independent variables, such as type of instruction and sex, and one dependent variable, such as achievement, the most appropriate analysis technique is

Factorial ANOVA

A predictive validity technique involving the construction of a two-way grid of percentages of students at different levels of an aptitude test who achieved different grades is called Answers: cross validation the known group differences an expectancy table index of discrimination

an expectancy table

References to journal articles should include Answers: author, date, article title, journal name, city of publication, publisher's name author, date, article title, journal name, volume, inclusive pages, doi author, date, article title, journal name, publisher's name, inclusive pages author, date, article title, journal name, issue, inclusive pages

author, date, article title, journal name, volume, inclusive pages, doi

A good beginning point in a literature search for the student with a very limited knowledge about a topic is Answers: Psychological Abstracts encyclopedias, textbooks, and literature reviews Dissertation Abstracts International current issues of several research journals in the area

encyclopedias, textbooks, and literature reviews

A correlation of .00 between two variables indicates Answers: a perfect positive relationship independence (no association) between the variables a perfect negative relationship a relationship of unknown degree

independence (no association) between the variables

A teacher wishes to determine the reliability of three trials on a performance test. He uses ANOVA to obtain the reliability coefficient. This technique is called Answers: interclass correlation partial correlation equivalence correlation intraclass correlation

intraclass correlation

The property of a distribution of scores that relates to how peaked or flat the curve is called kurtosis robustness dispersion skewness

kurtosis

Recognizing that grade point average may not completely reflect success in school is an example of a Answers: limitation research hypothesis null hypothesis basic assumption

limitation

The introduction to a research report should Answers: move from a general description of the theoretical problem to the specific area to be studied state the problem to be investigated in one or two concise sentences provide an overview of the whole paper provide an extensive review of the literature

move from a general description of the theoretical problem to the specific area to be studied

At the end of a well-written introduction, the reader should be able to predict the Answers: organization of the literature review statement of the problem (purpose of study) statistical analysis measurement tools to be used

statement of the problem (purpose of study)

If ANOVA has found a significant difference among four treatment groups, a follow-up test such as the Scheffé is needed to determine Answers: whether the F ratio is significantly different from chance which of the groups differ significantly from the others the percentage of variance accounted for by the treatments

which of the groups differ significantly from the others

The maximum value of item discrimination in norm-referenced test items occurs when the item difficulty is Answers: .05 .50 .75 1.00

.50

Which one of the following statements about dual publication is not true? Answers: Dual publication is permissible if one journal reprints the article from another journal. Dual publication is permissible if two papers use the same database but deal with different perspectives. Dual publication is permissible if the two journals are in different languages (e.g., published in different countries). Dual publication is permissible if two papers from the same database are published as a series.

Dual publication is permissible if the two journals are in different languages (e.g., published in different countries).

A correlational technique frequently used in the construction of an instrument (such as an attitude inventory) that statistically groups test items that seem to be measuring a particular dimension or trait is called

Factor analysis

Which one of the following statements does not describe an advantage of repeated measures? Answers: Repeated measures control for individual differences among participants. Repeated measures can eliminate the influence of some unwanted variable. Repeated measures are more economical because fewer participants are needed. Repeated measures allow the researcher to study a phenomenon across time.

Repeated measures can eliminate the influence of some unwanted variable.

Validity is determined by finding the correlation between scores on Answers: the even-numbered items and the odd-numbered items on a test one form of a test and another form of that same test a test and some independent criterion two administrations of the same test

a test and some independent criterion

A main disadvantage of nonparametric techniques that has frequently been stated (although there is some disagreement with this claim) is that they have more assumptions to be met than parametric techniques have are not as powerful (less likely to detect a false null hypothesis) as parametric techniques require a larger number of participants to attain significance are more difficult to calculate than parametric techniques

are not as powerful (less likely to detect a false null hypothesis) as parametric techniques

The only type of research that can manipulate treatments and establish a cause and effect is Answers: descriptive research analytical research correlational research experimental research

experimental research

In the description of pertinent characteristics of the participants, which of the following would be least pertinent in a study that surveyed the favorite books of children? Answers: age of the children number of children height of the children sex of the children

height of the children

When a tester divides the number of students who answered a test item correctly by the number of students who attempted the item, the result is called Answers: index of difficulty index of discrimination item variance KR-20 index

index of discrimination

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher states that he is aware that responses to questions on a self-concept scale may not always be what the person really believes. This is an example of a(n) Answers: limitation operational definition basic assumption delimitation

limitation

Data such as sex, city of residence, or political party affiliation are what kind of measure? nominal ratio interval ordinal

nominal

In multiple regression, one is able to predict Answers: two or more criteria from two or more predictors two or more criteria from one predictor one criterion from one predictor one criterion from two or more predictors

one criterion from two or more predictors

To calculate L for a correlation of two sets of ranked scores, the degrees of freedom (N - 1) are multiplied by r square t square s square chi square

r square

A researcher predicts that there will be a positive relationship between attitude scores and grade point average. This is an example of a Answers: limitation research hypothesis null hypothesis basic assumption

research hypothesis

The researcher's statement that "the boys in the adventure program will make significantly greater gains in self-concept than the boys in the control group" is an example of a(n) Answers: limitation operational definition basic assumption research hypothesis

research hypothesis

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The dependent variable is Answers: self-concept three months adventure summer camp age level

self-concept

Which of the following terms least belongs with the others? Answers: mode mean standard deviation median

standard deviation

If a researcher finds a small difference in average test scores between a large sample (over 700) of experimental participants and a large sample (same size) of control participants, it is very likely that the difference is Answers: statistically significant and has a high degree of meaningfulness not statistically significant but has a high degree of meaningfulness statistically significant but does not have a high degree of meaningfulness neither statistically significant nor meaningful

statistically significant but does not have a high degree of meaningfulness

The inductive and deductive processes are important in Answers: the advancement of hypotheses the statement of the problem empirically testing the hypotheses statistically testing the hypotheses

the statement of the problem

When an experimenter states that the level of significance is the .05 level, he is setting the probability of committing which type of error? Answers: type I error type II error

type I error

A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises was more effective in building endurance. One group used exercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of study, the researcher should compare the two groups' scores by

An independent t test

For scores from a test to have good content validity, the following statement(s) must be true: The test is highly correlated with the final grade in the course. The test adequately samples what was covered in the course. The percentage of points for each topic area reflects the amount of emphasis given that topic. b and c only a, b, and c

b and c only

A study that has one independent variable with three levels and three dependent variables should be analyzed by Answers: discriminant analysis ANOVAs dependent t tests independent t tests

discriminant analysis

A researcher used a t test to compare treatments and obtained a t of 3.45. One group had 48 participants, and the other group had 40. The table value for significance at the .01 level was 2.64. Which of the following is the correct way to express these results?

t(86) = 3.45, p < .01

When a researcher states that a result is significant, this means that Answers: the effect is an especially important one the scores are not correlated the result is unlikely to be a chance occurrence the scores are correlated

the result is unlikely to be a chance occurrence

When the purpose of the research is to evaluate the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable while controlling the influence of another characteristic, the best choice of a statistical analysis is

Analysis of covariance

Which hypothesis is stated in the null form? Answers: There is no difference between the vocabulary scores of average- and high-ability students. The math achievement scores from School A are significantly higher than the scores from School B. The perceptual-motor development of first-grade girls is higher than that of first-grade boys. There is a positive relationship between attitude toward school and achievement scores.

There is no difference between the vocabulary scores of average- and high-ability students.

When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher collects data on which to base decisions solves the problems through rationalization controls all extraneous variables finds positive support for the research hypothesis

collects data on which to base decisions

The accuracy with which a 12-min run estimates maximal oxygen consumption in a group of male high school seniors represents Answers: logical validity content validity construct validity concurrent validity

concurrent validity

An important principle set forth by the American Psychological Association is the right of informed consent, which states that the researcher is obligated to Answers: receive approval from a committee that evaluates ethical considerations of the proposed study explain the major features of the study to the participants before the beginning of the study so that they have the opportunity to decline to take part weigh the potential worth of the study against any potential harm to the participants before doing the study brief the participants on the results of the study before the article is submitted for publication

explain the major features of the study to the participants before the beginning of the study so that they have the opportunity to decline to take part

In discriminant function analysis, one is able to predict Answers: a continuous variable group membership the probability of an occurrence a multiple criterion variable

group membership

It is desirable to carry out a pilot study prior to the actual research study because Answers: it permits a thorough check of the planned data collection and analysis procedures a pilot study involves more control over the procedures than is generally attained in the actual research project if the pilot study results are positive, further work on the research project will be unnecessary the researcher can use the results of the pilot study in the actual study, thus reducing the number of participants needed

it permits a thorough check of the planned data collection and analysis procedures

Discriminant analysis differs from simple ANOVA such that discriminant analysis has Answers: two or more independent variables and one dependent variable one independent variable and one dependent variable one independent variable and two or more dependent variables two or more independent variables and two or more dependent variables

one independent variable and two or more dependent variables

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher states that self-concept is represented by scores on the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. This is an example of a(n) Answers: limitation operational definition basic assumption research hypothesis

operational definition

After a population of 1,000 high school seniors is divided by sex and size of school attended, the random selection of a sample to represent these proportions of the population is called Answers: systematic sampling matched-pair sampling stratified random sampling cluster sampling

stratified random sampling

Which of the following is not an important purpose for reviewing the literature? Answers: identifying and defining the problem formulating the null hypothesis developing the method developing the research hypothesis

formulating the null hypothesis

Which of the following statements would appear in the procedures part of the methods section of a research report? Answers: Participants in the experimental group exercised three days per week for 30 minutes per day for 10 weeks. The test-retest reliability of the test instrument was reported to be .88 by Smith (1993). Pearson product moment correlation was used to analyze the relationship between scores on the distance run and scores on the test of maximal oxygen consumption. Participants scored above the national mean on the dependent variable.

Participants in the experimental group exercised three days per week for 30 minutes per day for 10 weeks.

A report of a research study submitted for a four-chapter thesis and the same study prepared for a journal differ with respect to the length of the Answers: introduction and review of literature description of the methods conclusions a and b a, b, and c

a and b

The use of intraclass correlation to estimate reliability in motor performance instead of Pearson r has the advantage(s) of Answers: allowing analysis of trial-to-trial change estimating reliability for more than two trials adjusting for differences among individuals a and b a, b, and c

a and b

To determine which of two methods for learning a motor skill is more effective, the correct statistical analysis is Answers: a dependent t test an independent t test a Spearman rank-difference correlation multiple regression

an independent t test

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The number of participants, the selection of the self-concept inventory, and the length of the study are all examples of Answers: limitations operational definitions basic assumptions This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The number of participants, the selection of the self-concept inventory, and the length of the study are all examples of Answers: limitations operational definitions basic assumptions delimitations

delimitations