Exercise Physiology - Introduction Chapter 00
Chronic Adaptation
A physiological change that occurs when the body is exposed to repeated exercise bouts over weeks or months; these changes generally improve the body's efficiency at rest and during exercise.
Acute Exercise
A single bout of exercise
what is an ergometer? name the two most commonly used ergometers and explain their advantages and disadvantages.
Ergometer is used to measure physical work in standardized conditions, two most commonly used are treadmills and cycle ergometers. Cycle ergometers - (+) eliminating the effect of body mass on workload. (-) cycling is not a common skill (muscles in leg fatigue before able to reach maximal values on treadmill (H.R., ventillation, O2 uptake) Treadmill - (+) walking is a natural activity, most people can achieve their highest peak physiological values. (-) more expensive, bulky, require power, harder to measure BP.
What is exercise physiology? How does sport physiology differ?
Exercise physiology is the study of how body structure and function are altered by exposure to acute and chronic bouts of exercise. Sports physiology differs because it is the application of the concepts of exercise physiology to training athletes and enhancing sport performance.
Control Group
Group that stays the same throughout the "experiment" or is given the placebo
Training effect
Refers to specific changes in muscular, cardiovascular, and neurohumoral systems that lead to improvement in functional capacity and strength due to regular endurance or resistance training
List several environmental conditions that could affect one's response to an acute bout of exercise.
Temperature, light, noise, humidity
Dependent Variable
Y-axis; will change depending on how the independent variable is manipulated
Provide examples of "acute responses to a single bout of exercise"
increase in - body temperature, lactic acid, heart rate, breathing rate, and tidal volume. Running on a treadmill for an hour or lifting weights
Describe what it means to study chronic adaptations to exercise training
repetitive training over a period of time causes the body to adapt improving both exercise capacity and efficiency
Homeostasis
the maintenance of a constant internal environment
Dose-response relations
the relationship between the exposure to certain movement and the response given by the person
Exercise Physiology
the study of how body structure and function are altered by exposure to acute and chronic bouts of exercise
Ergometer
used to measure physical work in standardized conditions
Independent Variable
x-axis; factor that is controlled by the study design
