EXSS 181 All Quiz Questions

A low trait-anxious athlete (compared to a high trait-anxious athlete) would perceive competition as A. less threatening and less anxiety producing B. less threatening and more anxiety producing C. more threatening and more anxiety producing D. more threatening and less anxiety producing

A

A youth soccer coach wants to improve cooperation among his team as he feels some kids possess great athletic skills while some need to learn the basics of the game. Which is not a way to implement cooperation among his team to address this concern? A. Allow the kids to play the same position each game B. Maximize participation C. Do not keep score in games D. Give positive feedback

A

According to Achievement Goal Theory, individuals can adopt certain outcome goal orientations. The orientation towards skill development or improvement is labeled as ______. A. task/mastery B. ego/outcome C. task/ego D. mastery/outcome

A

According to studies done in groups of athletes, which combination of life stress and personality factors would result in the greatest risk of athletic injury? A. Low social support and low coping skills; high trait anxiety B. High social support and high coping skills; low trait anxiety C. High social support and low coping skills; high trait anxiety D. Low social support and low coping skills; low trait anxiety

A

According to the textbook, ________ is the belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior. A. Self-confidence B. Self-efficacy C. Self-compassion D. Self-regulation

A

Exercise has NOT been shown to INCREASE which of the following markers of psychological well being: A. depression B. emotional stability C. work efficiency D. memory

A

In considering the research findings on scholarships by Amorose, Horn, and Miller (1994, 2000), what combination of coaching behaviors would most likely decrease a scholarship athlete's intrinsic motivation? A. Coach emphasizes controlling aspect of scholarship, displays autocratic behavior B. Coach emphasizes informational aspect of scholarship, displays democratic behaviors C. Coach emphasizes controlling aspect of scholarship, displays democratic behavior D. Coach emphasizes informational aspect of scholarship, displays autocratic behavior

A

In terms of motivational approaches, the "trait-centered view" focused on ___________ whereas the "situation-centered view" takes primary focus on __________. The most widely accepted approach, though, is the __________ view, which incorporates the previous two approaches. A. individual characteristics, the environment/situation, interactional B. biological characteristics, life changes, interactional C. individual characteristics, the environment/situation, mixed D. the environment/situation, individual characteristics, mixed

A

Jenny is a D1 ice hockey player. Lately she hasn't been feeling like herself. She is performing poorly and has lost a significant amount of weight. She is having trouble concentrating and is struggling with a lot of muscle soreness and other injuries. From these symptoms, Jenny is most likely experiencing: A. Overtraining syndrome B. Mental toughness C. Fatigue D. Periodized training

A

The mental health problems that have received the most attention in the United States are A. depression and anxiety B. depression and eating disorders C. anxiety and eating disorders D. eating disorders and stress

A

This technique, involving the tensing and relaxing of specific muscles in sequence, forms the cornerstone for many relaxation procedures. A. progressive relaxation B. breath control C. biofeedback D. autogenic training

A

Which game structure category does a 100-yard sprint most likely fit into? A. Competitive means-competitive ends B. Individual means-individual ends C. Cooperative means-individual ends D. Cooperative means-competitive ends

A

You are hoping to change your exercise regimen so that it also helps you to achieve positive mood changes. Which of the following would NOT be recommended? A. Focus on competing with others during exercise. B. Make your exercise enjoyable. C. Exercise using closed and predictable activities. D. Exercise regularly for 20-30 minutes per session and at moderate intensity.

A

Competition is best described as: A. A performance being evaluated and rewarded in terms of the collective achievements of a group working together to reach a goal B. Rewards being given to people on the basis of how their performance compares with other performances C. Opponents seeing each other as rivals, striving against each other to win D. Focusing on interpersonal comparison and winning

B

Fletcher and Sarkar (2013) noted that most definitions of resiliency involve the core concepts of _____ and _______. A. adversity / coping with stress B. adversity / adaptation C. coping with stress / adaptation D. stress / coping with stress

B

Hanin's individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model suggests that A. individual performance is best for all when arousal is high B. each individual has a specific optimal bandwidth of arousal where performance is optimized C. individual performance is best for all when arousal is moderate D. none of the above

B

Johnny is a quarterback on his high school football team. His coach has been helping him to improve his passing form by rewarding small daily improvements as he approaches the correct behavior. This is best exemplified by _____. A. Punishment B. Shaping C. General Reinforcement D. Feedback

B

Sport-related burnout is only experienced in athletes. True or false? A. Always True B. False. Even coaches or officials, have been found to experience burnout.

B

The "five stages of grief", as conceptualized by Hardy and Crace, are composed of all of the following EXCEPT? A. Denial B. Suicidal thoughts C. Depression D. Bargaining

B

What estimate is given for the number of Americans experiencing depression at any given time according to Strohle, 2009? A. 1 in 3 B. 1 in 4 C. 1 in 10 D. 1 in 100

B

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic/dimension of burnout? A. Feelings of low personal accomplishment B. Increases in sport-related training C. Exhaustion, both physically and mentally D. Devaluation of sport

B

Which personality style/trait has been shown to work in combination with exercise to reduce some of the negative effects of stress? A. perfectionism B. hardiness C. resilience D. none of the above

B

You are a U-15 soccer coach who notices that one of your athletes loses motivation after each error she makes. She says, "It's always my fault and no matter how hard I train, I will always make mistakes". According to Weiner's basic attribution categories, this athlete views her mistakes as ________. A. in one's control B. out of one's control C. both of the above D. none of the above

B

You are a certified athletic trainer for a high school football team. A player on the team, named Kyle, recently broke his femur and will be out for the rest of the season. Which of the following would be an appropriate guideline for you to follow when helping Kyle in his injury recovery process? A. Be extremely optimistic with Kyle, reassuring him of a quick recovery. B. Give Kyle a detailed outline of what his recovery process will look like. C. Encourage Kyle to return to play before his injury is healed, if he is feeling better. D. Discourage social support for Kyle, in order for him to focus on recovery.

B

________ concerns the degree to which one worries or has negative thoughts. A. trait anxiety B. cognitive state anxiety C. social physique anxiety D. somatic state anxiety E. debilitative anxiety

B

Attribution theory focuses on A. how individuals explain their personal attributes B. how groups explain their personality attributes C. how individuals explain their success and failure D. how individuals explain their personal biases

C

In a general psychological sense, motivation can be defined as A. the intensity of one's effort B. the direction of one's effort C. the direction and intensity of one's effort D. the direction and emotion associated with one's effort

C

The _____ hypothesis states than an anxiety management technique should be matched to a particular anxiety problem. A. hypnosis B. coping C. matching D. resilience

C

When Roger Bannister broke the 4-minute mile barrier, he overcame a negative _______________ that claimed it was physically impossible to run a mile that fast. A. expected performance B. self-confidence expectation C. self-fulfilling prophecy D. psychological rumor

C

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of self-confidence as discussed in the textbook? A. Confidence arouses positive emotions B. Confidence increases effort C. Confidence makes one physically stronger D. Confidence affects psychological momentum

C

You recently began coaching an elementary-school basketball team, whose members are learning the game for the first time. You seek to promote your player's enjoyment of their overall sport experience. What would NOT be an appropriate guideline to follow when giving positive reinforcement to your novice young players? A. Give them continuous and immediate reinforcement B. Reward their successful approximations through shaping C. Reward only the outcomes of players' attempts D. Provide specific feedback about players' performances

C

In terms of the relationship between competition and intrinsic motivation, competitive success tends to _______ intrinsic motivation, whereas competitive failure tends to ________ intrinsic motivation. A. decrease, decrease B. increase, increase C. decrease, increase D. increase, decrease

D

Kerr and Goss (1996) found stress inoculation training (SIT) to be effective for A. reducing anxiety in sport B. enhancing performance in sport C. helping athletes cope with the stress of injury D. all of the above

D

Morgan, a collegiate lacrosse player, sustained a concussion when she ran into an opposing player during an important qualifying match. Morgan says that she was "so focused" on chasing down the ball, and did not see how close she was to the other player before they collided. Which explanation for injury best applies to Morgan's case? A. "If you're injured, you're worthless" B. "Act tough and give 100%" C. Increased muscle tension D. Attentional disruption

D

Sources of sport confidence include: A. Achievement B. Self-regulation C. Social Climate D. All of the above

D

The final stage of the sport competition process according to Martens, the Consequences stage, involves three longer-term effects/outcomes. These include: A. Performance, attributions, emotions B. Consequences, outcomes, performance C. Attitudes, attributions, health D. Performance, attitudes, health

D

Which of the following components is NOT required for cooperation? A. Positive interdependence B. Individual accountability C. Social skills training D. Self-referenced goals

D

You are a consultant for a Little League softball team in your hometown. One of the players comes to you and asks if you can help her with some anxiety she is feeling during games. Appropriate guidelines for applying your arousal and anxiety knowledge may include: A. develop her confidence to lower her arousal and anxiety B. recognize how personal and situational factors interact to influence her arousal and performance C. tailor coaching and instructional practices to her individual circumstances D. all of the above

D

You are a high school tennis coach and you have become cognizant of burnout in your athletes. To ensure that your athletes do not experience burnout, you decide to enhance their management of post-competition emotions. You can do this by: A. talking to all team members, even those who did not play B. providing an unemotional, realistic assessment of each athletes' performance C. discouraging gloating following victories and depression following losses D. all of the above

D

Your textbook refers to arousal as the A. direction of motivation at all times B. frequency of motivated behavior C. interaction of cognition and emotions D. intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment

D

____________ feedback provides information about specific behaviors, levels of proficiency that should be achieved, and the current level of proficiency. A. Specific B. Motivational C. General D. Instructional

D

According to the stress and athletic injury model, a potentially stressful situation may lead to an increased chance of injury through which mechanisms? A. Perception of threat B. Increased state anxiety C. Attention or distractions D. Muscle tension E. All of the above

E

Amy is a young, novice rower who has recently been having issues coping with competition-related stress in her sport. According to your textbook, which is NOT an anecdotal (i.e., recommended by applied sport psychology practitioners) tip for coping with stress? A. Stay focused on the present to better cope with stress. B. Smile when you feel tension to better cope with stress. C. Set up stressful situations in practice to better cope with stress. D. Come prepared with a good game plan to better cope with stress. E. Speed up your body to better cope with stress.

E

Which of the following are considered treatment or prevention strategies for athlete burnout? A. Scheduled breaks from sport B. Maintaining a positive outlook C. Staying in good physical condition D. Enhancing communication skills E. All of the above

E

T/F: Expecting to beat a tough opponent or successfully perform a difficult skill can produce exceptional performance as psychological barriers are overcome. A. False B. True

True