External Structure of Prokaryotic cells

Amphitrichous

Flagella at both ends

Attachment Pili

Help cell attach to surfaces

Glycocalyx

Includes all polysaccharides external to a bacterial cell wall

Flagella

Long, thin, helical appendages that help move the bacteria cell

Atrichous

No flagella

Slime Layers

Protect bacterial cells from drying, trap nutrients, and sometimes bind cells together

Monotrichous

Single flagellum located at one end, or pole

Axial Filaments

These structures are bundles of fibrils arising at ends of the bacterial cell beneath the outer sheath and spiral around the cell, which causes corkscrew motion of the cell, allows movement through the cell Extend beyond the cell wall

Conjugation Pili

allow exchange for DNA

Pili

Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA

Phototaxis

Bacteria moves toward or away from light

Chemotaxis

Bacteria moves toward or away from the substance in their environment

Lophotrichous

Bacterium has two or more flagella on either end of its cell

Capsle

A protective structure outside the cell wall of an organism that secretes it. Prevents host cells from destroying a bacterium. Have specific chemical composition to each species