Extra

. _____ is an end product of cellular respiration used by plants to build carbohydrates

. CO2

In a chromatography experiment, a hypothetical pigment moves a distance of 3 centimeters, while the solvent moves a distance of 6 centimeters. What is the Rf value for this pigment?

0.5

How many ATP molecules are produced by the citric acid cycle?

2

Meiosis consists of _____ distinct nuclear division(s)

2

What is the NET gain in the number of ATP molecules from glycolysis?

2

How many ATP molecules are produced by the electron transport chain?

32

What is the NET number of ATP produced as a result of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

36

The frequency of the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum range is ______nm.

400-700C

What is the diploid number in humans?

46

Complete the following equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → _____ + 6 H2O

6 CO2

Which of the following serves as the energy currency of living systems?

ATP

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis lead to the production of

All of these

Which of the following is an accessory pigment in plants?

All of these

Which of the following statements are TRUE concerning aneuploidy?

B and C

Cellular respiration involves the use of ____ to produce ATP.

C. glucose

In making bread, the fermentation of yeast produces ____, which causes the bread to rise.

CO2

In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, ________ is incorporated into organic molecules.

CO2

Which of the following initiates the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

CO2

A Photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture energy from sunlight to produce ______ and _____

Carbohydrates, oxygen

Some plants use alternative photosynthetic pathways. Desert plants, such as cacti, use what pathway?

Crassulacean Acid Metabolic pathway

Which of the following aneuploid conditions involves chromosome 21?

Down syndrome

The cell cycle has built-in checkpoints to ensure that cell division is occurring properly. The first checkpoint is found at the end of _____.

G1

The first checkpoint in the cell cycle occurs at the end of the ____ phase, which monitors the size of the cell and whether DNA has been damaged.

G1

The phase of the cell cycle occurring immediately after cell division is known as ____.

G1 phase

_____ is a product of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis important in amino acid and fatty acid synthesis.

G3P

The ____ regulate the opening and closing of the stomata in a plant leaf

Guard cell's

Which of the following scientists is credited with first describing photosynthesis?

Jan Ingenhousz

Prophase is characterized by which of the following?

Migration of the centriole pairs toward opposite poles

Following alcoholic fermentation, the ______ produced allows glycolysis to continue.

NAD+

In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, water is split to form oxygen and _____.

NADPH

Which of the following is a substrate for aerobic cellular respiration?

O2

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

O2

In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, _____ combines CO2 with RuBp

Rubisco

Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?

The cell rests for a long period of time

Which of the following occurs during metaphase?

The pairs of sister chromatids align along the equatorial plate.

______ established the framework for understanding the stages of cell division

Walther Flemming

During alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is directly converted to ____, accompanied by the loss of CO2.

acetaldehyde

During aerobic respiration, pyruvate is converted to _____, which enters the citric acid cycle.

acetyl CoA

A solution of water, glucose, and yeast placed in an anaerobic environment will produce which of the following?

all of these

Alcoholic fermentation is an essential process in making _____.

all of these

Cell division is the mechanism by which new cells are produced for _____.

all of these

In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, G3P is used to form which of these?

all of these

Which of the following can perform anaerobic cellular respiration?

all of these

Which of the following influence the time required to complete the cell cycle?

all of these

Which of the following is a component of interphase?

all of these

Which of the following pigments is NOT involved directly in photosynthesis?

all of these

Uneven distribution of chromosomes during this stage of mitosis can result in devastating

anaphase

Which of the following is the distinguishing feature of prometaphase?

attachment of the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers

Which of the following resembles a ball of cells and occurs in the early-stage embryonic development of an animal?

blastula

The purpose of the accessory pigments in plants is to ______.

broaden the spectrum of visible light that can be absorbed

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are responsible for fixing ________.

carbohydrates

Most of the photosynthetic activity in plants occurs in the

cells of the palisade parenchyma

is the most important pigment in photosynthesis.

chlorophyll a

Which of the following pigments are responsible for the characteristic green color of plant

chlorophylls

Which of the following serve as the organelles of photosynthesis?

chloroplasts

Which of the following occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

chromosome replication

The haploid number refers to the number of _____.

chromosomes

FADH2 is produced during which of the following?

citric acid cycle

The physical exhange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes is known as __________.

crossing over

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division is known as ____.

cytokinesis

Cell division is the process by which a somatic cell divides to produce two identical ____ cells.

daughter

. Which of the following cells is NOT a somatic cell?

egg/sperm

Which of the following processes yields the most ATP?

electron transport chain

Which of the following is an end product of alcoholic fermentation?

ethanol

_____ is the union of haploid male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote

fertilization

In plants, the ______ generation produces _____ gametes

gametophyte, haploid

The first step of cellular respiration is known as _____.

glycolysis

Which of the following steps in cellular respiration is an anaerobic process?

glycolysis

In some chloroplasts, the thylakoids are stacked, forming a

granum

Bromothymol blue is used as an indicator to detect CO2 production in a closed system. In the presence of CO2, bromothymol blue will change from blue to ______.

greenish-yellow

Eukaryotic chromosomes occur in pairs called

homologs

_____ accounts for most of the time that elapses during each cell cycle

interphase

Lactic acid fermentation _____.

is an anaerobic process

The citric acid cycle is also known as the ____ cycle.

krebs

Complete the following equation: Glucose + 2ADP + Pi → 2 _____ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O.

lactase

While running, you become winded, and your leg muscles start to ache. Which of the following is building up in your leg muscles, causing them to ache?

lactic acid

Slow-growing cells can remain in G1 for more than a year. An example of this type would be ___.

liver

Stability in the number of chromosomes passed from one generation to the next is ensured by what process?

meiosis

During the G0 phase of the cell cycle, the cell is ______.

metabolically active, but not proliferative

The citric acid cycle occurs in the _____ of the cell

mitochondria

During the cell cycle, a cell will proceed to _____ only if the DNA is undamaged and DNA

mitosis

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the of the chloroplasts.

of stroma

Plants expel which of the following as a waste product?

oxygen

In humans, which chromosome pair contains the sex chromosomes?

pair 23

The term apoptosis refers to _____.

programmed cell death

During mitosis, the cell spends most of its time in _____.

prophase

The first stage of mitosis is called _____.

prophase

The physical exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes occurs during which of the following phases of meiosis?

prophase I

Which of the following is a major end product of glycolysis?

pyruvate

At the end of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, RuBp is ______.

regenerated

The term gametogenesis refers to the process of forming _____.

sex cells

In animals, mature male gametes are called _____.

spermatozoa

In plants, which of the following is diploid?

sporangium

Which of the following allows CO2 from the atmosphere to enter the plant leaf?

stomata

Cytokinesis occurs after which phase of mitosis?

telophase

Together, interphase and mitosis constitute which of the following?

the cell cycle

Plant cell division, unlike animal cell division, involves ______.

the formation of a cell plate

Which of the following components of the electromagnetic spectrum have the highest energy?

the gamma rays

Which of the following statements about the electromagnetic spectrum is TRUE?

the longer the wavelength is, the less the energy it has

Which of the following events of the G2 phase signals the beginning of mitosis?

the start of chromosome condensation

Pigment molecules embedded in the membranes of the initiate photosynthesis.

thylakoids

Glycolysis is the process wherein one molecule of glucose is converted to _____ molecule(s) of pyruvate.

two

While walking outdoors on an autumn day, you see a tree with leaves that have all turned yellow. What pigment is producing this color?

xanthophyll