FA Pharmacology (all drugs throughout)

What is Oligomycin?

Oligomycins are macrolides created by Streptomyces that can be poisonous to other organisms

Mechanism of Cyanide and CO (w/regards to ETC)?

They directly inhibits elect transport, causing a decreased proton gradient and block of ATP synthesis. Inhibits Complex IV.

What is 2,4-Dinitrophenol? (aka DNP)

An ETC uncoupling agent

What is Antimycin A?

Antimycins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces bacteria that inhibit the electron transport chain at Complex III.

What is Rotenone?

Broad-spectrum insecticide

Mechanism of Antimycin A?

Directly inhibits elect transport, causing a decreased proton gradient and block of ATP synthesis. Inhibits Complex III.

Mechanism of Rotenone?

Directly inhibits elect transport, causing a decreased proton gradient and block of ATP synthesis. Inhibits complex I.

What is the mechanism of Oligomycin?

Directly inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthase, causing an increased proton gradient. Not ATP is produced because electron transport stops.

What is the mechanism of 2,4-DNP?

Increases permeability of ETC membrane causing a decreased proton gradient and increased O2 consumption. ATP synthesis stops, but electron transport continues. This produces heat.

Mechanism of Dilsulfuram (Antabuse)?

Inhibits Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase (Acetaldehyde accumulated contributing to hangover symptoms)

Mechanism of Fomepizole?

Inhibits Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Antidote for Methanol or Ethylene Glycol poisoning.

Name two synthesized uncoupling agents and one that occurs naturally?

1. 2,4-DNP 2. Aspirin 3. Thermogenin (brown fat)