F&E

Which is considered an isotonic solution?

0.9% normal saline

A client has been experiencing a decrease in serum calcium. After diagnostics, the physician believes the calcium level fluctuation is due to altered parathyroid function. What is the role of parathormone?

increase serum calcium level

Clients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because it

increases the client's desire to consume fluid.

A client is prescribed digitalis medication. Which condition should the nurse closely monitor when caring for the client?

nausea and vomiting

The term used to describe total urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr is

oliguria

A client has a physician's order for NPO (nothing by mouth) following abdominal surgery to repair a bowel obstruction. The client has a nasogastric tube inserted to low intermittent suction. The client requires intravenous therapy for what purpose?

replace fluid and electrolytes

Parents bring their infant to the clinic, seeking treatment for vomiting and diarrhea that has lasted for 2 days. On assessment, the nurse detects dry mucous membranes and lethargy. What other finding suggests a fluid volume deficit?

sunken fontanel

A client has been admitted to the hospital unit with signs and symptoms of hypovolemia; however, the client has not lost weight. The client exhibits a localized enlargement of her abdomen. What condition could the client be presenting?

third-spacing

An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as:

total parenteral nutrition.

A nurse cares for an acutely ill client. The nurse understands that the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill client is:

weight

In an industrial accident, a client who weighs 155 lb (70 kg) sustained full-thickness burns over 40% of his body. He's in the burn unit receiving fluid resuscitation. Which finding shows that the fluid resuscitation is benefiting the client?

A urine output consistently above 40 ml/hour

Which of the following hormones controls secretion of adrenal androgens?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Diabetes insipidusis a disorder of the posterior pituitary resulting in deficient secretion of which hormone?

Antidiuretic hormone

To evaluate a client for hypoxia, the physician is most likely to order which laboratory test?

Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis

Which is an insensible mechanism of fluid loss?

Breathing

The nurse observes that a postsurgical client has hemorrhaged and is in hypovolemic shock. Which nursing intervention will manage and minimize hemorrhage and shock?

Reinforcing dressings or applying pressure if bleeding is frank

The nurse is educating a patient with urolithiasis about preventive measures to avoid another occurrence. What should the patient be encouraged to do?

Increase fluid intake so that the patient can excrete 2,500 to 4,000 mL every day, which will help prevent additional stone formation.

The home care nurse visits a client who has dyspnea. The nurse notes the client has pitting edema in his feet and ankles. Which additional assessment would the nurse expect to observe?

Crackles in the lower lobes

You are caring for a 72-year-old client who has been admitted to your unit for a fluid volume imbalance. You know which of the following is the most common fluid imbalance in older adults?

Dehydration

The nurse is seeing a new client in the clinic who reports polyuria and polydipsia. These conditions are indicative of which endocrine disorder?

Diabetes insipidus

A client with acute pericarditis is exhibiting distended jugular veins, tachycardia, tachypnea, bradycardia, and muffled heart sounds. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of what occurrence?

Excess pericardial fluid compresses the heart and prevents adequate diastolic filling.

During a routine checkup, a nurse observes the client's skin to be tight and shiny. Which of the following is the correct indication of this sign?

Fluid retention

When the postcardiac surgery client demonstrates restlessness, nausea, weakness, and peaked T waves, the nurse reviews the client's serum electrolytes, anticipating which abnormality?

Hyperkalemia

An elderly client diagnosed with diarrhea is taking digoxin. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse be alert to?

Hypokalemia

Oral intake is controlled by the thirst center, located in which of the following cerebral areas?

Hypothalamus

A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?

Light-headedness or paresthesia

Which nursing intervention should be incorporated into the plan of care for a client with impaired liver function and a low albumin concentration?

Monitor for edema at least once per shift

A patient has had surgery to create an ileal conduit for urinary diversion. What is a priority intervention by the nurse in the postoperative phase of care?

Monitor urine output hourly and report output less than 30 mL/hr.

An Islamic woman is in active labor and informs the nurses that she is fasting during the day since it is Ramadan. What would the nurses be assessing for in this woman related to her cultural ritual?

Respect this woman's faith, but also assess for dehydration and hypoglycemia.

Mr. Jones is admitted to the nursing unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypokalemia. His laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3.2 mmol/L). For what manifestations should the nurse be alert?

Muscle weakness, fatigue, and dysrhythmias

A nurse is caring for a client who had a thyroidectomy and is at risk for hypocalcemia. What should the nurse do?

Observe for muscle twitching and numbness or tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes.

The nurse assesses a patient who has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is a diagnostic sign of this disease?

Potassium of 6.0 mEq/L

A client with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug is admitted to the emergency department. Arterial blood gas values indicate respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse do first?

Prepare to assist with ventilation.

What is a hallmark of the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?

Proteinuria

Which of the following is a function of calcitonin? Select all that apply.

Reduces bone resorption Increases urinary excretion of calcium Increases deposition of calcium in bones

What are key roles of the kidneys? (Select all that apply.)

Regulating body fluid volume Maintaining blood pressure Balancing acids/bases

Which of the following arterial blood gas results would be consistent with metabolic alkalosis?

Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L

The large intestine absorbs mostly water and which electrolyte?

Sodium

The nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed medication for the treatment of hypertension. The nurse recognizes that which medication conserves potassium?

Spironolactone

To compensate for decreased fluid volume (hypovolemia), the nurse can anticipate which response by the body?

Tachycardia

The nurse is reviewing laboratory data for a client with pancreatic cancer. Which finding does the nurse prioritize as requiring notification of the healthcare provider?

The nurse should identify potassium 2.2 mEq/L as critical because a normal potassium level is 3.8 to 5.5 mEq/L.

The licensed practical nurse is co-assigned with a registered nurse in the care of a client admitted to the cardiac unit with chest pain. The licensed practical nurse is assessing the accuracy of the cardiac monitor, which notes a heart rate of 34 beats/minute. The client appears anxious and states not feeling well. The licensed practical nurse confirms the monitor reading. When consulting with the registered nurse, which of the following is anticipated?

The registered nurse administering atropine sulfate intravenously

A nurse is taking care of an infant with diabetes insipidus. Which assessment data are most important for the nurse to monitor while the infant has a prescription for fluid restriction?

Urine output

A client has a medical diagnosis of an advanced atrioventricular block, Mobitz Type II, and is symptomatic. What initial treatment will the nurse be prepared to complete?

administer an IV bolus of atropine

During pregnancy, one of progesterone's actions is to allow sodium to be "wasted" or lost in the urine. The nurse would expect to see which hormone increased to help counteract this loss?

aldosterone

A client is returning from the operating room after inguinal hernia repair. The nurse notes that the client has fluid volume excess from the operation and is at risk for left-sided heart failure. Which sign or symptom indicates left-sided heart failure?

bibasilar crackles

Which of these ions plays an important role in pH homeostasis?

bicarbonate

A client is admitted to the psychiatric clinic for treatment of anorexia nervosa. At the beginning of the client's hospitalization, the most important nursing action is to:

monitor the client's vital signs, serum electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) reports diarrhea after every meal. What is the nurse's best response?

Avoid residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine.

The nurse is caring for a male client who has a diagnosis of heart failure. Today's laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3,2 mmol/L). For what complications should the nurse be aware, related to the potassium level?

Cardiac dysrhythmias

A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for treatment of hypertension. What expected outcome does the nurse expect this medication will have?

Will prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

The nurse is caring for a client receiving an aminoglycoside (antibiotic) that can be nephrotoxic. Which will alert the nurse that the client may be experiencing nephrotoxicity?

a decrease in urine output

After reviewing the client's chart, the nurse notes that the client has been ordered a clear liquid diet. Which meal tray would the client be allowed to eat?

bouillon, apple juice, and gelatin

An osmotic diuretic such as mannitol is given to the client with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) to

dehydrate the brain and reduce cerebral edema

A client was admitted to the hospital unit after 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. The client's spouse became alarmed when the client demonstrated confusion and elevated temperature, and reported "dry mouth." The nurse suspects the client is experiencing which condition?

dehydration

The nurse is preparing a client for a nuclear scan of the kidneys. Following the procedure, the nurse instructs the client to

drink liberal amounts of fluids.

The nurse is assigned to a client in the ICU. During the initial assessment, the nurse notes jugular vein distention and recognizes that the plan of care will follow which disorder?

heart failure

A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. What laboratory findings does the nurse determine are consistent with hypovolemia in a female client? Select all that apply.

hematocrit level of greater than 47% urine specific gravity of 1.027 urine osmolality of 150 mOsm/kg

A nurse is caring for a client in acute renal failure. The nurse should expect hypertonic glucose, insulin infusions, and sodium bicarbonate to be used to treat:

hyperkalemia.