FAQ unit 1
Explain how the properties of water that result from its polarity and hydrogen bonding affect its biological function.
The polarity of water molecules means that molecules of water will stick to each other. This is called hydrogen bonding. Polarity makes water a good solvent, gives it the ability to stick to itself (cohesion), stick to other substances (adhesion), and have surface tension (due to hydrogen bonding).
describe smaller units and how they assemble into larger units, ONE MAJOR FUNC OF THESE LARGER OrGANIZED STRUCTURES ex. enzyme
Enzyme is a protein. Therefore, amino acids are the smaller structures that make up of protein. A chain of amino acids forma polypeptide and are joined by peptide bonds. They go through a dehydration synthesis process in order for the sugar backbone to connect with the next phosphate molecule. sequence of amino acids is the primarys trucutre folded into tertiary structure whcih creates enzyme's active site. R group creates different types of proteins which creates different kinds of proteins and enzymes enzymes lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
why is the inner layer in mitochondria and individual chloroplast so important?
The inner membrane is also loaded with proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis more enzymes with bigger surface area means more atp production and atp reactions
describe why hydrogen bonds form between water molecules
Water molecules are made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. They share a covalent bond within one water molecule. Water molecules are polar which means that oxygen atoms are more electronegative than when compared to hydrogen atoms. Therefore, oxygen atoms attract to hydrogen atoms of other molecules, creating a weak hydrogen bond.
discuss structural component of carbohydrates identify two examples of carbohydrates and describe their function explain process that joins two poymers together from monomer units
discuss: they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms have the molecular format CH2On polymers are build of chains of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage hydroxyl group is attached to each carbon one carbon contains carboxyl group in aqueaous solutions many monosaccharides form ring identify: glucose,, fructose, galactose, : major energy source of living things starch: plant storage form of energy cellulose: used in plant cell walls to provide sturctural support glcogen: animal short term storage chitin: structural material explain: condensation reaction/ dehydration synthesis. Takes away water molecule and joins the two monomers together in a covalent bond
Describe the properties of the monomers and the type of bonds that connect the monomers in biological macromolecules.
monomers are individual single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. Monomers are connected through dehydration synthesis, where water molecule is excluded and the two monomers join together to create a polymer.
identify 3 macromolecules that are components of plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell and discuss structure and function of each.
phospholipids: they look like a glycerol molecule "head" with two fatty acid tails. They are amphipathic because the heads are hydrophilic but the tails are hydrophobic and hence why they stay inside the membrane. The plasma membrane has a billayer and is selectively permeable. Only certain small molecules and proteins can go through the membrane. cholesterol: embedded in layer, has a ring structure. Helps the fluidity of the plasma membrane and stabilizes it. integral proteins: transmembrane, embedded within the plasma membrane so that its visible on the extracellular and intracellular surfaces. It transports enzymes, or other molecules that are too big to pass the membrane. Plays and role in signal transduction.