Fathers of Forensics
Francis Galton
1892 - specialized in fingerprints, published a textbook that discussed entomology of fingerprints 1) no 2 fingerprints are identical 2) fingerprints do not change 3) organization of fingerprints into 3 categories
Hans Gross
1893 - predicted that science would play a role in crimes, published: Criminal Investigation
Paul Jeserich
1898 - chemist who discovered techniques in photography and chromotography
Karl Landsteiner
1901 - recognized that all human blood isn't the same, characterized blood types
Albert Osborn
1910 - development of document examination, wrote: Questions Documents
Edmond Locard
1910- first to connect criminal to crime with dust particles
Leone Lattes
1915 - discovered typing dried bloodstains
Calvin Goddard
1929 - first to match bullet to specific gun, makes first match during St. Valentine's Day Massacre
Paul Kirk
1953 - wrote Crime Investigation: Physical Evidence in the Police Laboratory Interscience, blood splatter interpretation
Mathieu Orfila
1814 - made forensic toxicology, wrote first scientific book on detection of poision: Paper of Classification of Poisins
Alphonse Bertillon
1879 - develops the first system of scientifc identification, developed anthropometry (tell one person from another) - based on 11 body measurements
Arthur Conan Doyle
1887 - wrote Sherlock Holmes; serology, fingerprinting, firearms, and question document examination; made public want police to use more science as part of investigation
1935
BOI changes to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
role of a forensic scientist
analyze physical evidence (identification, comparison, probability, reliability), testify in court (expert opinion) (documentation and notes)
forensic science
application of science to the law
August Vollmer
created oldest forensic laboratory in the U.S. for the LAPD
C.E. Wait, Calvin Goddard, Phillip Gravelle, and John Fisher
run the Bureau of Forensic Ballistics in NYC
1932
the U.S. BOI (FBI) establishes a forensic crime laboratory, which will become the center of forensic analysis and research in the U.S.
1908
the U.S. Bureau of Investigation (BOI/FBI) is formed with 34 agents
