FCS final

Trans-fatty acids are most abundant in: A. animal foods B. plant foods C. foods made with partially hydrogenated oils D. the essential fatty acids

C. food makes with partially hydrogenated oils

Which of the following is used in infancy to assess brain development? A. measure of abdominal girth B. fatfold measurement C. head circumference D. height and weight

C. head circumference

The essential nutrients are those: A.the body can make for itself B.that are predominant in most foods C.that much be obtained from foods D.included in the main DRI table

C. that must be obtained from foods

Which of the following is not one of the nurse's roles in nutrition care of a patient? A. nutrion screening B. encouraging patients to eat C. answering questions about special diets D. developing, implementing and evaluating nutrition care plan.

D.developing, implementing and evaluating nutrition care plan.

If the shape of a protein is changed, the _____ of the protein is changed.

function

The primary source of energy for the brain and nervous system under normal conditions is:

glucose

After absorption, the larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins are first released into the _______ transport system.

lymphatic

The protein RDA for adults is ______ grams per kilogram of body weight.

0.8

One molecule of maltose can yield _______ molecules of glucose.

2

The dietary reference intake for dietary fiber is approximately ____ grams per day.

25-35

A child's height is measured in the standing position once she or he reaches the age of:

2 years

The nurse understands that regardless of whether completed by a nurse, dietitian, or dietetic technician, a patient's nutrition screening should occur with ______ hours of admission.

24 hours

A change from whole milk to nonfat milk would: A. decrease the amount of saturated fat B. increase the number of kcalories C. decrease the amount of calcium D. increase vitamin consumption

A. decrease the amount of saturated fat

Dextrose in a parenteral solution provides ____ kcal/g.

3.4

Obesity is officially defined as a BMI of ___ or higher.

30

The RDA for protein for a 121 pound women is ____ grams per day

44

Five grams of fat provide _____ kcalories.

45

Carbohydrate should contribute approximately ____% of the total daily energy intake.

45-65

A 2000-kcalorie diet that provides 25% of kcalories from far would contain _____ grams of fat.

55

A patient's diabetic diet prescription is for 1800 kcalories with 50% from carbs. How many portions of carbs is the patient allowed each day? A. 15 B. 60 C. 12 D. 23

A. 15

Jeff consumed the following foods for a meal: small baked potato, 1/2 cup of carrots, 1 cup skim milk and 1 small banana. Approximately how many grams of carbohydrate did jeff consume? A. 47 B. 57 C. 66 D. 69

A. 47

A client with acute kidney injury has a urine output of 500 milliliters per day. The nurse determines his daily fluid needs to be: A. 500 milliliters B. 800 milliliters C. 1000 milliliters D. 1200 milliliters

A. 500

John is a 74 year old retired schoolteacher. He is 5'8'' and weight 136 pounds. His wife died nine months ago. During a routine visit to the doctor, it was noted that his weight decreased 21 pounds since his visit a year ago. Mr. Wilson doe not have any medical problems, though he does report feeling depressed and lonely. What is Johns percent usual body weight? A. 86.6% B. 88.3% C. 113.2% D. 115.4%

A. 86.6%

Which of the following Dietary Reference Intake categories is most appropriately used to develop and evaluate nutrition programs for groups? A. Estimated Average requirement B. Tolerable Upper Intake Level C. Adequate Intake D. Recommended Dietary Allowance

A. Estimated Average Requirment

You are advising a client on components of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Which of the following would you include in your advise? A. Increase intake of vegetables and fruits B. Decrease intake of milk and milk products to two cups per day C. Decrease intake of whole grains and other complex carbs D. increase intake of trans fat and saturated fats

A. Increase intake of vegetables and fruits

Which of the following nutritional interventions is most appropriate for a patient in a coma? A. NPO B. blenderized diet C. full liquid diet D. clear liquid diet

A. NPO

Which person is at the greatest health risk? A. a 27 year old with a waist circumference of 40 inches B. a 25 year old athlete with a BMI of 33 C. a 50 year old male with a BMI of 29 who would out everyday D. a 42 year old women with a waist circumference of 34 inches

A. a 27 year old with a waist circumference of 40 inches

A disadvantage of intensive therapy for type 1 diabetes is: A. greater risk of of severe hypoglycemia B. greater expense due to lack of insurance reimbursement C. fewer incidences of sever hypoglycemia D. more rapid progression of chronic complications

A. a greater risk of sever hypoglycemia

Which of the following needs takes priority in planning a renal diet? A. adjustment of protein B. adjustment of simple carb C. adjustment of fat D. adjustment of fiber

A. adjustment of protein

The nurse understands the importance of evaluation the progress of growth in pregnant women, infants, children and adolescents, detecting under- and over-nutrition in all age groups, and measuring changes in body composition over time. The nurse should recognize that all of these purposes can be served through: A. anthropometric measurements B. functional tests of nutrition status C. biochemical tests of protein status D. physical examination for signs of malnutrition.

A. anthropometric measurements

Polyunsaturated fats: A. are more abundant in plant foods than in animal products B. are more solid than saturated fats C. dont spoil as easily as saturated fats D. do not have any health benefits

A. are more abundant in plant foods than in animal products

The nonnutritive sweetener that is unsafe for people with phenylketonuria is: A. aspartame B. neotame C. sucralose D. stevia

A. aspartame

The glycemic index ranks carbohydrate foods based on their effect on: A. blood glucose levels B. blood cholesterol levels C. weight D. blood pressure

A. blood glucose

Which of the following is the most important goal for both medical and nutrition therapy for diabetes? A. blood glucose control B. blood pressure control C. optimal blood lipid levels

A. blood glucose control

Amino acids are a secondary source of energy. Their primary function is to: A. build proteins needed by the body B. provide essential water-soluble vitamins C. produce thyroxin and insulin D. supple most of the kcalories in the average US diet

A. build proteins needed by the body

When dialysis is initiated in a client with chronic kidney disease, protein: A. can be consumed more liberally B. is restricted to a greater degree C. intake remains the same D. from nonessential amino acid sources is emphasized

A. can be consumed more liberally

Jared is a 36 year old african american insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, and leads to a sedentary lifestyle. He is 5'9'' tale and weighs 204 pounds. Jared has been feeling particularly fatigued largely and decided to make an appointment with high physician for a check up. The results of his lab test include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL. The simplest and most flexible approach to teaching jared the principle of the diet for optimal management of his blood glucose level is: A. carbohydrate counting B. the exchange lists C. myplate D. a high protein diet plan

A. carbohydrate counting

Compared to enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition: A. carries a greater risk of complication B. is less expensive C. can be used for longer period of time D. requires hospitalization

A. carries a greater risk of complications

Marasmus may be described as a form of malnutrition caused by: A. chronic, severe deprivation of food (kcal&protein) B. deficiency of energy C. chronic, severe deprivation of protein D. deficiency of protein and vitamins

A. chronic, severe deprivation of food (kcal& protein)

John is a 74 year old retired schoolteacher. He is 5'8'' and weight 136 pounds. His wife died nine months ago. During a routine visit to the doctor, it was noted that his weight decreased 21 pounds since his visit a year ago. Mr. Wilson doe not have any medical problems, though he does report feeling depressed and lonely. The most likely cause of John's weight loss is: A. depression due to loss of his spouse B. inadequate income to purchase food C. lack of knowledge about nutrition D. a high level of physical activity

A. depression due to lost of his spouse

The most common cause of chronic kidney disease is: A. diabetes B. infectious diseases C. genetic disorders D. inflammatory diseases

A. diabetes

Generally, the initial treatment for type 2 diabetes is: A. diet therapy and exercise B. antidiabetic medications C. insulin therapy D. enzyme replacement therapy

A. diet therapy and exercise

Avery is a 77 year old retired engineer. he is 5'10'' tall and weigh 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time. Avery's swallowing ability and oral intake are improving. He is now consuming about 2/3 of his estimated nutrient needs from oral intake. It would be appropriate at this time to: A. discontinue the tube feeding B. increase the rate of tube feeding

A. discontinue tube feeding

Which of the following would be the best way to increase your intake of omega-3 fatty acids? A. eat more fish B. eat more seed oils C. take supplements D. eat more plants

A. eat more fish

Diabete mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by: A. elevated blood glucose B. low hemoglobin C. dumping syndrome D. lactose intolerance

A. elevated blood glucose

A patient is discouraged by the dietary restrictions for her low-sodium diet. The most appropriate response from the nurse to: A. emphasize foods the patient can eat B. agree that the diet in unpalatable C. allow the family to bring food to the patient

A. emphasize foods the patient can eat

Edema means: A. fluid retention B. dehydration C. PEM D. wasting

A. fluid retention

Beta-carotene prevents _____ from damaging cells. A. free radicals B. antioxidants C. blood clots D. vitamin E

A. free radicals

The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to: A. furnish the body with energy B. provide material for synthesizing cell walls C. synthesize fat D. insulate the body to prevent heat loss

A. furnish the body with energy

A procedure in which the stomach contents of a patient are removed by suction and measured is called checking for: A. gastric decompression B. enterostomy C. gastric residuals

A. gastric decompression

The ______ describes the effect food has on blood glucose levels. A. glycemic index B. insulin index C. solubility factor D. viscosity index

A. glycemic index

The stored form of glucose in the body is called: A. glycogen B. insulin C. fat D. muscle

A. glycogen

A person is in positive nitrogen balance when: A. growth B. old age C. exercise D. adulthood

A. growth

A 2000-kcalorie diet that provides 175 grams of carbohydrates provides: A. inadequate carbohydrate B. excessive carbohydrate C. an appropriate amour of carbohydrate D.inadequate fiber

A. inadequate carbohydrate

Jared is a 36 year old african american insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, and leads to a sedentary lifestyle. He is 5'9'' tale and weighs 204 pounds. Jared has been feeling particularly fatigued largely and decided to make an appointment with high physician for a check up. The results of his lab test include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL. The CDE teaches Jared how to reduce his kcalories by increasing high-fiber foods in place of foods such as bagged snack chips. A higher intake of fiber could also: A. increase his glycemic control B. increase his glycemic index of high diet C. increase his glycosylated hemoglobin D. increase his blood glucose

A. increase high glycemic control

The advantages of a closed feeding system include: A. less likelihood of contamination B. less expense C. increased nursed contact with patient D. increased patient tolerance

A. less likelihood of contamination

In order to minimize fecal volume, a patient may be placed on a _____ diet prior to surgery. A. low fiber or low residue B. fat-restricted C. low-sodium D. high-kcalorie, high-protein

A. low-fiber or low-residue

An ideal formula for a client is one that: A. meets medical and nutrient needs B. is the most expensive C. provides fiber D. contains lactose

A. meets medical and nutrient needs

The ______ are the basic unites of all carbohydrates. A. monosaccharides B. disaccharides C. polysaccharides D. sucrose molecules

A. monosaccharides

Jose has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. He has several broke bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg. According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5' 9'', and his weight is 171 pounds. Which of the following foods should be excluded from Mr.Salazar's diet for the time being? A. nuts B. ice cream C. pudding D. potatoes

A. nuts

which of the followings a rich source of monounsaturated fat? A. olive oil B. coconut oil C. sunflower oil D. corn oil

A. olive oil

Due to their role in prevention of heart disease and brain development, Americans need to consume more: A. omega 3 fatty acids B. omega 6 fatty acids C. monounsaturated fatty acids D. essential fatty acids

A. omega-3 fatty acids

Which of the following organs is the primary source of digestive enzymes: A. Pancreas B. gallbladder C. stomach D. liver

A. pancreas

Fat functions in the body to: A. provide energy B. regulate body processes C. build muscle tissue D. synthesize enzymes

A. provide energy

Which of the following statements is true? A. saturated fatty acids elevate LDL blood cholesterol B. polyunsaturated fatty acids elevate LDL blood cholesterol C. monounsaturated fatty acids elevate LDL blood cholesterol D. Trans fatty acids lower LDL blood cholesterol

A. saturated fatty acids elevate LDL blood cholesterol

Avery is a 77 year old retired engineer. he is 5'10'' tall and weigh 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time. In the absence of any pre-existing medical problems or problems with digestion and absorption, the type of enteral formula that would be most appropriate for Avery is a: A. standard formula B. elemental formula C. specialized formula D. 3in1 solution

A. standard formula

To prevent refeeding syndrome in a severely stressed individual you would: A. start feedings at a slow rate B. introduce nutrients by vein C. provide vitamin supplements D. delay enteral feedings

A. start feedings at a slow rate

When protein consumption exceeds body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and : A. stored as fat B. excreted in the feces C. stored as amino acids D. stored as glycogen and fat

A. stored as fat

Which of these foods would be digested most quickly? A. sugar cookies B. peanut butter sandwich and milk C. beef strew and cord bread D. hamburger, french fries, and milkshake

A. sugar cookies

A disadvantage of using a food record is: A. the time involved to keep one B. it increases awareness of one's food choices C. the process does not reply on a persons's memory D. it may provide more information than is needed.

A. the time involved in keeping one

Unsaturated fats should be consumed in moderation because: A. they are high in kcalories B. they raise LDL levels C. the foods that contain them are not nutritional D. they reduce blood clotting factors

A. they are high in kcalories

Which of the following fats predominates in the diet and in the body? A. triglycerides B. cholesterol C. phospholipids D. lecithins

A. triglycerides

Which type of fat poses the greatest risk to health? A. visceral fat B. dietary fat C. subcutaneous fat D. lower body fat

A. visceral fat

Which of the following enhances calcium absorption from the GI tract? A. vitamin D B. vitamin C C. protein D. linoleic acid

A. vitamin D

Patients with nephrotic syndrome may require supplements of: A. vitamin D and calcium B. essential fatty acids C. essential amino acids D. potassium and thiamin

A. vitamin d and calcium

Men generally have a high BMR than women because: A. women have less lean body mass B. women tend to eat less C. men tend to eat more D. men have less lean body mass

A. women have less lean body mass

The nurse is counseling a young athlete with type 1 diabetes. the nurse knows that she athlete understands the instruction when he verbalizes: A. if my blood sugar is below 100 before practice, i should consume some carbs before beginning B. should drink plenty of gatorade during practice C. I don't need to check my blood sugar during practice. D. i should not eat during practice

A.if my blood sugar is below 100 before practice, i should consume some carbs before beginning

Virtually unlimited amounts of body fuel can be stored by the:

Adipose tissue

The basic building blocks of proteins are:

Amino acids

The diet for acute kidney injury or acute renal failure is usually restricted to about ____ per kilogram of body weight per day of non catabolic patients not on dialysis. A. 0.2 gram protein B. .8 g protein C. 1.5 g protein D. 2.0 g protein

B. .8 g protein

The nurse recognizes that weight gain due to fluid retention/edema in a patient can mask symptoms of: A. liver failure B. malnutrition C. obesity D. gallbladder disease

B. Malnutrition

Compared to carbohydrate, fat is: A. not useful for providing energy B. a more concentrated from of energy C. a faster source of energy D. a less concentrated form of energy

B. a more concentrated for of energy

A 12 year old girl is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and is placed on insulin. Her mother expresses concern that her daughter will refuse to give herself injections. The nurse reassure the mother that: A. she will only need a single injection daily so her mother can do it B. a pump to administer the insulin without syringes is available C. insulin is available in pull form D. too little insulin can't hurt her

B. a pump to administer the insulin without the syringe is available

Parenteral nutrition refers to the delivery of nutrient solutions into: A. the mouth B. a vein C. the intestines D. the stomach

B. a vein

The major role of Vitamin E in the body seems to be to: A. aid in normal blood clotting B. act as an antioxidant C. aid in formation of normal epithelial tissue D. aid in protein metabolism

B. act as an antioxidant

Foods not appropriate on a renal diet include all the following except: A. potato B. apples C. milk D. oranges

B. apples

Phytochemical: A. are essential nutrients B. are bioactive compounds found in foods C. have no biological activity in the body D. are nonessential nutrients

B. are bioactive compounds found in foods

Following kidney translation, dietary restrictions: A. more strict B. are liberalized C. can replace immunosuppressive therapy D. determine whether the body rejects the kidney

B. are liberalized

Heart failure related to potassium loss may occur: A. with diets low in fresh fruits and veggies B. as a result to severe diarrhea C. in persons with diabetes D. de to an excessive intake of protein

B. as a result of severe diarrhea

The rate and extent to which a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body is called:' A. vitamin efficiency B. bioavailability C. fortification D.vitamin equivalency

B. bioavailability

Linolenic acid is classified as an essential fatty acid because it: A. neutralizes cholesterol B. cannot be made from other substances in the body C. is monounsaturated fatty acid D. is found in both animal and plant foods

B. cannot be make from other substances in the body

Essential amino acids: A. are found mostly in plant foods B. cannot be synthesized by the body C. cannot be supplied by the diet D. are the best source of energy for the body

B. cannot be synthesized by the body

Following surgery, a patient may be given clear liquids initially, then gradually provided with other beverages or foods that are unlikely to cause discomfort. This is referred to as: A. a flexible diet order B. diet progression C. a food tolerance test D. a mechanically altered diet

B. diet progression

Sally eats meat but want to reduce her saturated fat and cholesterol intakes. Which of the following should sally do? A. eliminate dairy foods from her diet B. eat less meat and include more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into her diet C. eat more eggs and less meat D. eliminate beef and pork from her diet

B. eat less meat and include more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in her diet

You are working with a client whose ability to digest and absorb food in impaired, but whose nutrient needs are not elevated. Which of the following formulas would you select? A. standard formula B. elemental formula C. a combination of modular formulas D. a disease-specific formula

B. elemental formula

Which of the following foods would provide the highest nutrient density for calcium? A. Cheddar cheese B. fat-free milk C. ice cream D. frozen yogurt

B. fat free milk

Which of the following foods is low in sodium? A. pickles B. fresh carrots C. processed cheese D. bologna

B. fresh carrots

Food producers hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids in order to: A. make them softer B. give foods a longer shelf life C. make them more healthy D. reduce the calories in a food

B. give foods a longer shelf life

What happens when bloom glucose falls too low? A. glucagon promotes the breakdown of muscle glycogen B. glucagon promotes break down of liver glycogen C. insulin promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver D. insulin promotes glycogen synthesis in the muscle

B. glucagon promotes breakdown of liver glycogen

When a patient is diagnoses with a chronic illness that requires long-term dietary modifications, the most appropriate role for the nurse is to: A. write the correct diet order B. help patients accept and understand the dietary changes C. plan and approve the patient's menus while she/he is in the hospital D. evaluate the accuracy of the meal trays

B. help patients accept and understand the dietary changes

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is false? A. cholesterol in food is not the main factor in raising blood cholesterol B. High blood levels of HLD cholesterol raise the risk of heart disease C. cholesterol is found only in animal foods D. some vegetable fats can contribute to high blood levels of cholesterol

B. high blood levels of HDL cholesterol raise the risk of heart disease

Type 2 diabetes is associate with: A. autoimmune diseases B. insulin resistance C. destruction of pancreatic beta cells D. viral infection

B. insulin resistance

Soluble fibers are found in: A. celery, wheat bran and corn B. kidney beans, apples and oatmeal C. corn, apples, and sunflower seeds D. celery, soybeans, and bran flakes

B. kidney beans, apples and oatmeal

Excess glucose in the blood is converted into glycogen and stored primarily in the : A. brain and liver B. liver and muscles C. blood cells and brain D. pancreas and brain

B. liver and muscles

Which of the following ingredients is a sugar alcohol? A. polydextrose B. maltitol C. cellulose D. aspartame

B. maltitol

The nurse notices that an elderly patient is experiencing difficulty chewing. Which of the following diets would be most appropriate? A. clear liquid diet B. mechanical soft C. low sodium

B. mechanical soft

Which of the following foods would make the greatest contribution to a person's intake of riboflavin? A. oatmeal B. milk C. oranges D. yellow squash

B. milk

Which of the following foods would you recumbent to someone interested in lowering his or her blood cholesterol level? A. wheat bread B. oatmeal C. strawberries D. pork

B. oatmeal

How are vitamins similar to carbs,fats and proteins? A. typical roles in the body B. organic nature C. chemical structure D. amounts required in the diet

B. organic nature

A fatty acid with two or more double bonds is described as: A. monounsaturated B. polyunsaturated C. emulsified D. homogenized

B. polyunsaturated

A good food source of iodine is: A. bananas B. seafood C. broccoli D. pork

B. seafood

Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide? A. fructose B. starch C. maltose D. lactose

B. starch

If Ann is watching her weight, which of the following suggestions would be most beneficial to her? A. use margarine instead of butter B. switch from whole milk to fat free milk C. eliminate fat from your diet D. choose processed meats instead of fresh meats

B. switch from whole milk to fat free milk

The most familiar source of sucrose is: A. bread B. table sugar C. milk D. meat

B. table sugar

An individual can most easily alter his/her energy output by altering: A. the time of day he/she exercises B. the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise C. his/her eating patterns D. the combination of foods eaten as a meal

B. the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise

The body uses amino acids for energy when: A. protein stores run low B. there is inadequate glucose or fatty acids C. an athlete performs strength training exercises D. the body becomes dehydrated

B. there is inadequate glucose or fatty acids

Limitations of a 24-hour recall include all of the following except: A. the previous day's intake may not be typical B. they are difficult to obtain C. they person many not be able to accurately report potion sizes D. they provide data for one day only.

B. they are difficult to obtain

Avery is a 77 year old retired engineer. he is 5'10'' tall and weigh 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time. Which form of nutrition support is appropriate for Mr. Avery at this time? A. total parenteral nutrition B. tube feeding C. oral enteral supplement D. peripheral parenteral nutrition

B. tube feeding

Jared is a 36 year old african american insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, and leads to a sedentary lifestyle. He is 5'9'' tale and weighs 204 pounds. Jared has been feeling particularly fatigued largely and decided to make an appointment with high physician for a check up. The results of his lab test include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL. Four months later Jared returns to his physician for a follow up appointment. He has lost 10 pounds, but his fasting blood glucose level is now 131 mf/dL. Jared pre diabetes has progressed to: A. type 1 B. type 2 C. gestational diabetes D. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

B. type 2

The client with chronic kidney disease will usually need supplements of: A. sodium, potassium, and fat soluble vitamin B. vitamin B6, folate and calcium C. phosphorus, iron and calcium D. potassium, phosphorus and vitamin D

B. vitamin B6, folate and calcium

All of the following standardized conditions should be used when making repeated weight measures on adults except: A. weight should be taken at the same time of day B. weight must be estimated for bedridden patients C. the same scale should be used D. weight should be take after the person has voided

B. weight must be estimated for bedridden patients

How many calories are provided by a food that contains 25 g carbs, 6 g protein, and 5 g fat? A. 172 B. 169 C. 142 D. 102

B.169

Jared is a 36 year old african american insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, and leads to a sedentary lifestyle. He is 5'9'' tale and weighs 204 pounds. Jared has been feeling particularly fatigued largely and decided to make an appointment with high physician for a check up. The results of his lab test include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL. How many of his risk factors for type 2 diabetes can Jared control? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

B.2

A tube fed patient requires 22175 mL of water to meet his fluid needs. The tube feedings provides 1995 mL of water per day. How many 60 mL flushes with water will the nurse need to deliver to meet the patients fluid needs? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4

B.3

The energy needed to maintain life when a person is at complete digestive, physical and emotional rest is termed as:

Basal metabolism

The emulsification of fat requires:

Bile

After absorption, the water soluble nutrients are released directly in the:

Bloodstream

All of the following examples represent one portion of carb containing food exempt: A. 1 small apple B. 1 slice of bread C. 1 cup of cooked pasta D. 1/2 cup rice

C. 1 cup of cooked pasta

Calculate the BMI of a male who is 5'11'' tall and weight 210 pounds. A. 23 B. 27 C. 29 D. 33

C. 29

How many gram of protein are in a 6-ounce serving of rib eye steak? A. 18 B.24 C.42 D.60

C. 42

Complimentary proteins: A. enhance the taste of food B. increase the quality of protein C. combine proteins from different foods to provide all essential amino acids D. decrease the loss of nitrogen from the body

C. Combine proteins from different foods to provide all essential amino acids

For comparison purposes, 3 ounces of meat can be visualized as being about the size of: A. A 9-volt battery B. a CD case C. a deck of cards D. a paperback book

C. a deck of cards

Mrs. Grant in a coma following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse recognizes that the most appropriate way to feed her is: A. TPN B. PPN C. a tube feeding

C. a tube feeding

When glucose is unavailable, the functioning of which two parts of the body becomes compromised? A. lungs and circulatory system B. kidneys and livers C. brains and nervous system D. bones and muscles

C. brains and nervous system

It is not absolutely necessary to consume the fat-soluble vitamins everyday because they : A. would just be excreted from the body B. are only absorbed in limited amounts C. can be stored in the body for future use D. would reach toxic amounts in the body

C. can be stored in the body for future use

Many of the symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency, such as dry scaly skin and failure of wounds to heal, are related to the role of Vitamin C in the synthesis of: A. calcium and iron B. thyroxin C. collagen D. adrenal hormones

C. collagen

Trans-fatty acids are: A. naturally found in some foods B. beneficial to health C. created by an oxidation reaction D. essential

C. created by an oxidation reaction

Fluoride seems to be helpful in preventing: A. cancer B. diabetes C. dental decay D. heart disease

C. dental decay

People at risk for _____ may benefit from limiting their intake of high-GI foods. A. infectious diseases B. arthritis C. diabetes D. migraine headaches

C. diabetes

To minimize the possibility of aspiration of formula in tube-fed clients, the head to the client's bed should be elevated: A. after administering the feeding B. during administration of the feeding C. during and for 30-60 minutes after administration of the feeding D. during and for 2-3 hours after administration of the feedings

C. during and for 30-60 minutes after administration of the feeding

The nurse recognizes that a patient newly placed on the anticoagulant drug warfarin/coumadin with need: A. supplements of Vitamin K B. a high kcalorie diet C. education regarding diet-drug interactions D. education regarding increasing iron intake

C. education regarding diet-drug interactions

Cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose and gums are: A. nonnutritive sweeteners B. sugar alcohols C. fibers D. forms of starch

C. fibers

Which of the following statements is true regarding carbohydrate in the diabetic diet? A. low cab diets are recommended B. all concentrated sweets should be avoided C. high fiber, minimally processed carbohydrates should be emphasized D. simple carbs should be emphasized

C. high fiber, minimally processed carbs should be emphasized

Individuals likely to be in negative nitrogen balance include all of the following except: A. people who have burns B. individuals who are starving C. individuals who are pregnant D. people with serious injuries

C. individuals who are pregnant

An unsaturated fat: A. contains carbon chains of few than ten carbons B. lacks glycerol C. is missing hydrogens within its fatty acid chains D. is solid at room temperature

C. is missing hydrogens within its fatty acid chains

Which of the following statements about excessive sugar consumption is true? A. It causes cancer B. it causes heart disease C. it causes dental caries D. it causes hyperactive behavior in children

C. it causes dental caries

Vitamin K has long been known for: A. its functions in energy metabolism B. promoting healthy epithelial tissue C. its role in blood clotting D. enhancing calcium untilizaiotn

C. its role in blood clotting

The dietitian asks the nurse to observe a patient's food intake and record the kinds and quantities of foods the patient receives and leaves on his plate. The nurse realizes that the dietitian is interested in keeping a ______ for this patient. A. food record B. 24 hour recall C. kcalorie count D. usual intake record

C. kcalorie count

Which of the following compounds is a disaccharide? A. glucose B. fructose C. lactose D. galactose

C. lactose

Which of the following food groups always contains fat? A. fruits B. grains C. meats D. veggies

C. meats

Which of the following feeding tube placement sites would be the most appropriate for a client who is expected tot be on a tube feeding for less than 4 weeks? A. gastrostomy B. jejunostomy C. nasogastric D. deudenostomy

C. nasogastric

Avery is a 77 year old retired engineer. he is 5'10'' tall and weigh 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time. Avery's physician is hopeful that his swallowing ability will improve in the coming weeks. Which feeding route would be most appropriate for Avery at this time? A. orogastric B. nasojejunal C. nasogastric D. parenteral

C. nasogatric

Kwashiorkor most frequently develops among: A. older adults B. newborns C. newly weaned children D.adolescents

C. newly weaned children

Jared is a 36 year old african american insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, and leads to a sedentary lifestyle. He is 5'9'' tale and weighs 204 pounds. Jared has been feeling particularly fatigued largely and decided to make an appointment with high physician for a check up. The results of his lab test include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL. Jared's BMI indicates he is _____, which likely affects high blood glucose control. A. at his healthy weight B. overweight C. obese

C. obese

Malnutrition: A. occurs in <5% of hospital patients B. is always a top priority in patient care C. often increases overall patient care costs D. frequently shortens hospital stays

C. often increases overall patient care costs

The nurse understand that a hydrolyzed enteral formula contains: A. only one nutrient source B. lactose C. partially or fully broken down nutrients D. intact proteins

C. partially or fully broken down

Which of the following high-fat foods would be the least heart-healthy to consume daily? A. Avocados B. walnuts C. potato chips D. canned tuna

C. potato chips

Jared is a 36 year old african american insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, and leads to a sedentary lifestyle. He is 5'9'' tale and weighs 204 pounds. Jared has been feeling particularly fatigued largely and decided to make an appointment with high physician for a check up. The results of his lab test include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL. Jared's blood glucose level meets the criteria for a diagnosis of : A. type 1 diabetes B. type 2 diabetes C. prediabetes D. ketoacidosis

C. prediabetes

An antibody is a type of protein that: A. regulates pH balance in the body B. transports lipids throughout the body C. protects the body from viruses, bacteria, and other disease agents D.regulated fluid balance in the body

C. protect the body from viruses, bacteria, and other disease agents

Foods such a potato chips, candy and colas are called empty-kcalorie foods because they: A. are inexpensive B. are lacking in calories C. provide calories but few nutrients D should be eaten in moderation

C. provide calories but few nutrients

Good glycemic control requires: A. eating small amounts of food B. restricting carbohydrate in the diet C. self-monitoring of blood glucose D. frequent visits to the doctor

C. self-monitoring of blood glucose

BMR is lowest during: A. pregnancy B. physical activity C. sleep D. sedentary activity

C. sleep

The leading source of added sugars in the American diet is: A. baked goods such as cookies and cakes B. fruit packed in heavy syrup C. soft drinks and other sugar-sweetened beverages D. chocolate bars and other candy treats

C. soft drinks and other sugar-sweetned beverages

Researchers are steering away from population-wide recommendations for low-fat diets because: A. most people don't follow them anyway B. there have been repots of nutrient deficiencies associated with low-fat diets C. some sources of fat are valuable to health and should not be avoided D. low-fat diets really aren't beneficial after all

C. some sources of fat are valuable to healthy and should not be avoided

A glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min per 1.73 m2 indicates: A. little or no loss of kidney function B. mild but reversible kidney damage C. stage 5 chronic kidney disease D. that nutrition therapy but not dialysis should be prescribed

C. stage 5 chronic kidney disease

Which of the following is not true regarding plant sterols? A. They are structurally similar to cholesterol B. they interfere with cholesterol absorption C. they raise blood cholesterol levels D. they help to reduce blood cholesterol levels

C. they raise blood cholesterol levels

Enteral nutrition include: A. TPN B. PPN C. tube feedings D. simple IV's

C. tube feedings

Absorption of _____ requires the presence of intrinsic factor. A. Vitamin B6 B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin A

C. vitamin B12

The absorption of iron from iron-containing foods can double or triple when eaten at the same meal with foods containing: A. folate B. protein C. vitamin C D. calcium

C. vitamin C

Which of the following factors would cause the nurse to reconsider allowing progression of the diet following surgery? A. fever B. patient feeling hungry C. vomiting D. weight loss

C. vomiting

Which snack foods exerts the most favorable effect of blood lipid levels? A. pretzels B. cheese and crackers C. walnuts and almonds D. microwave popcorn

C. walnuts and almonds

The calorie content of a food depends on how much it contains of each of the following except: A. carb B. fat C. water D. protein

C. water

Intensive insulin therapy can cause: A. hyperglycemia B. a loss of appetite C. weight gain D. low albumin levels

C. weight gain

Which mineral is essential for wound healing? A. potassium B. sulfate C. zinc D. iodine

C. zinc

Which of the following statements best describes the role of sugar in the development of obesity? A. sugar consumption is a direct cause of weight gain leading to obesity. B. the increase use of added sugar by food manufacturers is the cause of obesity C. sugar contributes to obesity when it is part of excessive energy intakes D. There is no correlation between the consumption of added sugars are the rise of obesity.

C.Sugar contributes to obesity when it is part of excessive energy intakes.

What nutrients are digested in the small intestine:

Carb, fat and protein

Which nutrients must be broke down in order to be absorbed?(3)

Carb, protein, fat

The nurse is interacting a stage 3 chronic disease client on her diet. She correctly tells the client to: A. use low-sodium products as desired B. consume foods high in phosphorus such as milk, fish, and nuts C. place an emphasis on fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet. D. avoid salt substitutes that contain potassium

D. avoid salt substitutes that contain potassium

Medical nutrition therapy includes all of the following except: A. performing nutrition assessments B. diagnosing nutrition problems C. developing nutrition care plans D. writing a patient's diet order

D. writing a patients diet order

The recommended intake protein is ____ of daily energy intake. A. 15-20% B. 10-20% C. 15-35% D. 10-35%

D. 10-35%

Glyosuria generally occurs when blood glucose exceeds ____ milligrams per deciliter. A. 120 B. 140 C. 160 D. 200

D. 200

a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids and lipids is called a: A. standard formula B. modular formula C. 2in1 solution D.3in1 or total nutrient admixture

D. 3in1 or total nutrient admixture.

Central TPN is indicated for each of the following except: A. clients who cannot be fed through the GI tract B. situations in which long-term parenteral nutrition will be required C. situations in which fluids need to be restricted D. clients who are moderately malnourished

D. Clients who are moderately malnourished

Peristalsis is: A. absorption of nutrients in the intestines B. mixing and moving of food through the lymphatic system C. last phase of digestion D. GI motility; action of the involuntary muscles of the digestive tract

D. GI motility; action of the involuntary muscles of the digestive tract

According to BMI criteria, a person with a BMI of 24 would be considered: A. underweight B. overweight C. obese D. normal weight

D. Normal weight

Which vitamin is synthesized in the intestine by bacteria? A. Vitamin A B. vitamin C C. vitamin D D. Vitamin K

D. Vitamin K

Excessive consumption of saturated fat or trans fat may result in: A. weight loss du to poor absorption B. reduced serum cholesterol levels C. storage of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid D. an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease

D. an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease

Jose has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. He has several broke bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg. According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5' 9'', and his weight is 171 pounds. The most appropriate diet order for Mr. Salazar is a: A. regular diet B. soft diet C. mechanical soft diet D. blenderized diet

D. blenderized diet

The nurse is working with a patient who requires a tube feeding but would like to return to work and resume other activities. what is the best way to feed him? A. nasojeujenal tube B. continuous feeding C. nasogastric tube D. bolus feeding

D. bolus feeding

Which of the following may be restricted during the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury except: A. fluids B. potassium C. sodium D. carbohydrate

D. carbs

Which of the following is not a good source of potassium? A. orange juice B. bananas C. potatoes D. carrots

D. carrots

Nutrient dense foods: A. are iron rich B. contain a mixture of carb, fat and protein C. carry nutrient labeling information D. deliver the most nutrients for the smallest number of kcalories

D. deliver the most nutrient for the smallest number of kcalories,

Patients diagnose with diabetes need education in all of the following areas except: A. meal planning B. blood glucose monitoring C. physical activity D. dialysis

D. dialysis

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the health benefits of fiber? A. fiber aids in weight management B. fiber aids in the management of diabetes C. fiber agains in overall health of the gastrointestinal tract D. fiber aids in the prevention of osteoporosis

D. fiber aids in the prevention of osteoporosis

Which of the following is not a factor in the variability of energy needs between individuals? A. gender B. age C. physical activity D. food preferences

D. food preferences

A major cause of disability among people with diabetes is: A. deafness B. hypertension C. hypoglycemia D. foot ulcers

D. foot ulcers

Fructose occurs naturally in: A. bread B. milk C. meats D. fruits

D. fruits

Which of the following is not a criterion for identifying malnutrition risk? A. depression B. recent changes in appetite C. medical diagnosis D. gender

D. gender

Which of the following is not a a characteristic of a a clear liquid diet? A. requires minimal digestion B. leaves little residue in the colon C. liquid at body temperature D. high in nutrient density

D. high in nutrient density

People with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes are prone to: A. ketosis B. weight loss C. acidosis D. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

D. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

Which is not a electrolytes: A. sodium B. potassium C. chloride D. iron

D. iron

Which of the following is the principal carbohydrates in milk? A. galactose B. fructose C. sucrose D. lactose

D. lactose

Jared is a 36 year old african american insurance agent. He is single, eats most meals at restaurants, and leads to a sedentary lifestyle. He is 5'9'' tale and weighs 204 pounds. Jared has been feeling particularly fatigued largely and decided to make an appointment with high physician for a check up. The results of his lab test include a fasting blood glucose level of 121 mg/dL. Which of the following recommendations to help jared reduce his risk of developing diabetes is least likely to be effective? A. Lose weight B. increase your physical activity C. choose higher fiber, lower fat foods at restaurants D. learn to cook

D. learn to cook

All of the following nutrients are organic except: A. vitamins B. fat C. protein D. minerals

D. minerals

Which of the following is not one of the chronic complications of diabetes? A. nephropathy B. neuropathy C. retinopathy D. myopathy

D. myopathy

Each of the following provides about seven grams of protein except: A. 1/2 cup of legumes B. 1 ounce chicken C. 1 egg D. 1 slice of bread

D. one slice of bread

Which of the following medical conditions or treatments indicates the need for TPN? A. severe swallowing disorders B. mechanical ventilation C. extremely high nutrient needs D. paralytic ileus ( GI impairment)

D. paralytic ileus ( GI impairment)

Which of the following foods does not contain cholesterol? A. eggs B. cheese C. milk D. peanut butter

D. peanut butter

Current dietary guidelines regarding fat include all of the following except: A. total fat intake should not exceed 35% of kcalories B. saturated fats should contribute less than 10 % of kcalories C. an upper limit of 300 milligrams cholesterol daily D. polyunsaturated fats should provide at least 10% of kcalories

D. polyunsaturated fats should provide at least 10% of kcalories

Which of the following provides resveratrol? A. soy B. carrots C. flaxseed D. red wine

D. red wine

The physician describes a "low-sodium diet" for Mr. Johnson. As a dietitian working with Mr.Johnson you would: A. send a pre-selected diet to Mr. Johnson B. send a salt packet on Mr. Johnson's tray C. ask Mr.Johnson what level he needs D. send Mr.Johnson a 2000 mg sodium diet

D. send Mr.Johnson a 2000 mg sodium diet

Following kidney transplantation, dietary restrictions are generally liberalized, however, if fluid retention and hypertension are present, the nurse understands that a restriction in _____ may be necessary. A. protein B. potassium C. calcium D. sodium

D. sodium

The plant food with the highest protein digestibility is : A. corn B. sweet potato C. asparagus D. soybean

D. soybean

Vitamin D can be made in the body with the help of: A. bacteria B. tryptophan C. vitamin A D. sunlight

D. sunlight

All of the following are health risks associated with obesity except: A. hypertension B. diabetes C. sleep apnea D. tuberculosis

D. tuberculosis

T/F.When a patient is being tube fed, they cannot eat food.

FALSE

If the gallbladder becomes diseased, the digestions of ______ can be compromised.

Fat

What nutrient has the greatest energy density?

Fat

There monosaccharides important for nutrition are:

Fructose, glucose, galactose

The compound that form the backbone of triglycerides are called:

Glycerol

Within a day of beginning a fast, most of the body's stored of _____ are depleted.

Glycogen

The richest sources of starch are:

Grains

The hormone that moves glucose from the blood into the cells is:

Insulin

Enzymes called ______ digest fats in the mouth, stomach and intestine

Lipases

Protein differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain:

Nitrogen

The primary nutrition expert on the health care team is the:

Nutritionist

Sweeteners that yield energy are called:

Nutritive sweeteners

EPA and DHA are what kind of fatty acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is:

Pepsin

Vegetable oils contain large amounts of:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

The major digestive work in the stomach is the initial breakdown of:

Proteins

What enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?

Salivary amylase

The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:

Small intestine

T/F. A mechanical soft diet is useful for patients with chewing problems.

TRUE

T/F. Any drug nutrient interaction that occurs between conventional foods and drugs can occur between formulas and drugs as well.

TRUE

T/F. Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition because enteral nutrition is associated with fewer complications.

TRUE

T/F. Food safety education is important to help prevent food borne illness following a kidney transplant.

TRUE

T/F. Highly concentrated nutrient solutions are not suitable for peripheral parenteral nutrition.

TRUE

T/F. Nurses play a central role in helping hospitalized patients to eat.

TRUE

T/F. To ensure that a planned intervention is realistic, the dietitian takes into account the client's food habits, lifestyle, and other personal factors.

TRUE

What vitamin is not a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin C

What does not yield energy for the body?

Vitamins

A good indicator that an adult's energy intake is appropriate is a healthy:

Weight

A patient's lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia. The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.

edema

The potassium content of veggies can be reduced by a process called:

leaching

Protein restricted diets naturally curb the intake of :

phosphorus

A patients diet order is prescribed by:

physician

The process of protein breakdown, recovery, and synthesis is called:

protein turnover