FE Electrical Exam

A three-force member can be in equilibrium only if the three forces are (1) or (2)

1) concurrent 2) parallel

Any pair of equal, opposite, and parallel forces constitute a (1)

1) couple

According to the energy conservation principle, energy cannot be created or destroyed. However, energy can be transformed into (1)

1) different forms

The product of a Matrix A and its inverse, A^-1 , is the (1)

1) identity matrix

(1) is a vector quantity equal to the change in momentum

1) impulse

A two-force member can be in equilibrium only if the two forces have the same (1) and (2)

1) line of action 2) are equal but opposite

A (1) has only magnitude. Mass, enthalpy, density, and speed are examples of this.

1) scalar

Force, momentum, displacement, and velocity are examples are (1). A (1) has a specific direction and magnitude.

1) vectors

The roller support, shown as a cylinder supporting the beam, supports (1) forces only

1) vertical

As the pressure of a gas increases, the solubility of that gas in a liquid A) always increases B) always decreases C) is not changed D) cannot be determined

By Henry's law, xi= Hpi, the fraction of a gas that is dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. As the pressure increases, so does the solubility in liquid. The answer is A.

If the pressure in the reaction container is doubled, wat would be the expected results? (Choose the best answer) A) The amount of ammonia (NH3) would double. B) There would be no change in the amount of ammonia (NH3) present. C) More ammonia (NH3) would be generated. D) The amount of ammonia (NH3) would be halve.

By Le Chatelier's principle, a reversible reaction will find a new equilibrium in response to an added stress, and the new equilibrium will reduce that stress. In this case, the stress is an increase in pressure. For gas reaction equations, the coefficients represent volumes as well as moles. In the given equation, four volumes of reactants produce two volumes of product. The reaction will proceed to a new equilibrium in which more ammonia is generated because this will reduce the pressure. The answer is C

Enthalpy of formation is most clearly defined as the A) potential energy of a substance B) energy absorbed or released during a chemical reaction C) sum of enthalpy of reactions D) energy absorbed during creation of 1 gram-mole of a compound from pure elements

Enthalpy for formation,also known as the heat of formation, is the energy required to create one unit mass of a substance. The answer is D.

Three nonparallel, nonzero forces act on a rigid body. What must be true of all of these forces for the body to be in equilibrium? (a) The forces must be concurrent (b) The forces must be equal in magnitude but opposite in direction (c) The forces must have the same line of action (d) The forces must be at complementary angles to one another

Equilibrium requires sumM=0 about any point in the body. For a general three-forced system, this is possible only if the force acts through the same point. Therefore the answer is A

True or False: When a body is in contact with a friction-less surface, there is no frictional forces component parallel to the surface. Therefore, the reaction is normal to the contact surfaces.

True

Uranium-235 and uranium-238 have the same number of which of the following? A) neutrons B) protons C) electrons D) protons and electrons

Uranium-235 and uranium-238 are both isotopes of uranium. Uranium has 92 protons and 92 electrons; the isotopes differ in the numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. Specifying the atomic number (Z=92) is redundant because, by definition, uranium has 92 protons. The answer is D

A dimensional analysis of a ship model is being performed using a total of four different dimensional quantities: mass, length, time, and temperature. Six different variables (density, surface tension, viscosity, gravity, power, and mass) have been identified as potentially affecting the velocity of the boat. Use the Buckingham Pi-groups will be needed? A) 1 B) 2 C) 10 D) 24

k=m-n m= # of variables n= # of dimensional quantities k=6-4=2 The answer is B

The group of metals that includes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium forms closely related family known as the A) rare earth group B) halogens C) alkali metals D) alkaline earth metals

lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium occupy the first column of the periodic chart, known as group IA or the alkali metals. The answer is C.

The pinned support, shown as a pin and clevis, supports both (1) and (2) forces. (3) equilibrium equations are needed.

1) vertical 2) horizontal 3) two

Mass is a constant property of an object where (1) varies with gravitational field.

1) weight

For a body resting on a horizontal surface, the normal force is the (1)

1) weight of the body N=mg

Balance the following equation: __CH4 __ O2 -> __CO2 + __H2O

25 FE EXAM

Which of the following is not a common additive used to modify the properties of polymers? A)aldehydes B) halogenated paraffins C) hydroxyls D) phenols

34

The element Tin has eight different stable isotopes. The atomic nuclei of all eight isotopes is how many protons? Answer to the nearest integer

50

What is a truss?

A braced structure spanning a ravine, gorge or other land depression in order to support a road or rail line.

All real gases deviate to some extent from the ideal behavior described by the equation pV=nRT. For which of the following conditions are the deviations smallest? A)high temperature and low volumes B) high temperature and low pressures C) high pressures and low volumes D) high pressures and low temperatures

A gas is considered to behave ideally when its pressure is very low and its temperature is much higher than the critical temperature. The answer is B

What are the products of complete combustion of a gaseous hydrocarbon? A) carbon monoxide only B) water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide C) carbon dioxide and water D) carbon monoxide, water, and ammonia

A gaseous hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Carbon monoxide only forms with incomplete combustion. The answer is C

A hypothesis test is useful in determining, to a certain degree of probability, whether a A) Straight line is a good fit for a set of points B) Sample size is large enough to represent a population C) Mathematical model can correctly predict results D) Set of data has come from a particular distribution

A hypothesis test can be used to determine whether a set of data came from a population whose mean and standard deviation are known. For example, such a test can tell, within a certain level of confidence, whether a set of recent observations is consistent with historical data, indicating whether the conditions leading to those observations are likely to have changed. The answer is D

After making a presentation for an international project, an engineer is told by a foreign official that his company will be awarded the contract, but only if it hires the official's brother as an advisor to the project. The engineer see this as a form of extortion and informs his boss. His boss tells him that, while it might be illegal in the United States, it is customary and legal business practice in the foreign country. The boss impresses on the engineer the importance of getting the project, but leaves the details up to the engineer. What should the engineer do? A) He should hire the official's brother, but insist that he performs some useful function for his salary. B) He should check with other companies doing business in the country in question, and if they routinely hire relatives of government officials to secure work, then he should do so too. C) He should withdraw his company from consideration of the project D) He should inform the government official that his company will not hire the official's brother as a precondition for being awarded the contract, but invite the brother to submit an application for employment within the company.

Hiring the official's brother as a precondition for being awarded is a form of extortion. This practice, however, is not approved by the NCESS model code: Registrants shall not offer, give solicit, or review either directly or indirectly , any commission or gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work. The answer is D

What is the bending stress at a section of a loaded beam at its neutral axis? A) a combination of both shear and moment at that section B) equal to the shear at the section C) the maximum stress at that section D) zero

The neutral axis is the plane in the beam where the normal stress is zero. The answer is D

How many atoms are contained in a complete hexagonal close-packed cell? A) 3 B) 5 C) 6 D) 14

The number of atoms in a cell is the number of atoms appearing in that cell, each divided by the number of cells sharing those atoms. For HCP structures, # of atoms= corner atoms + end atoms + interior atoms= 12atoms/6cells + 2 atoms/2cells + 3 atoms/1 cell = 6 atoms The answer is C

An engineering firm specializes in designing wood-framed houses. Which organization would it be ethical for the owner of that firm to belong to? I. the local Rotary Club II. the local Chamber of Commerce III. a national timber-research foundation A) I and II B) III and IV C) III only D) I, II, III, and IV

The owner should not belong to the organization that would cast the professional in a bad light. Through self-serving, none of the organizations listed are illegal or able to committed to immoral actions. The owner would be able to inform his client of any concerns, interests, or affiliations that might influence his judgment. Since the firm specializes in timber construction already, it is unlikely that any of these organizations would cause the owner to favor timber. The answer is D

In the following reaction, which elements are the reducing and oxidizing agents? 2Mg(s) + O2(g) ---> 2MgO(s) A) Mg is the reducing agent: O2 is the oxidizing agent B) O2 is the reducing agent: Mg is the oxidizing agent C) Mg is the reducing agent: MgO is the oxidizing agent D) MgO is the reducing agent: Mg is the oxidizing agent

The oxidation number of Mg and O2 are both zero since they are both in their free elemental states. As MgO, the oxidation number of Mg is increased to +2 and O is decreased to -2. Mg is oxidized, and O is reduced. Therefore, Mg is the reducing agent and O is the oxidizing agent. The answer is A

Which is the definition of packing factor? A) the coordination number divided by the volume of a unit cell B) the number of atoms in a unit cell multiplied by the atomic weight and divided by Avogadro's number C) the volume of atoms divided by the cell volume D) the number unit cells in a lattice sheet

The packing factor is the volume of atoms in the cell divided by the cell volume. The answer is C.

What is the coordination number of a face-centered cubic unit cell? A) 6 B) 8 C) 10 D) 12

Each face-centered atoms has 12 closest neighbor. The answer is D

How many atoms are in a hexagonal close-packed cell? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8

Each of the 12 edge atoms is shared by six cells (three in each layer). The two center atoms in the ends are shared by two complete cells (one in each layer). There are also three enclosed atoms. #of atoms= 12/6 + 2/2 + 3 = 6 The answer is C

Which of the following elements does not have a face-centered cubic structure? A) aluminum B) copper C) silver D) sodium

Each of the materials except sodium has a face-centered cubic structure, but note that sodium chloride, NaCl, has a face-centered cubic structure. The answer is D.

Complete the sentence: " Engineers are to uphold the health, safety, and public A) trust B) welfare C) confidence D) good

The phrase "health, safety, and public welfare" appear in many codes and canons. The answer is B

Which of the following cannot be directly determined with the use of a pitot tube? A) velocity of flowing fluid B) stagnation pressure C) discharge rate D) total pressure

The pitot tube is used to measure the velocity of flow. The stagnation pressure is measured by a pitot tube. The discharge rate could be determined from velocity but would require additional knowledge about the pipe sized and velocity distribution within the pipe. Therefore, the discharge rate cannot be directly determined.. The answer is C

Which of the following statements is true for a polynomial of degree 3 with constant real coefficients? A) It always has three distinct real roots. B) It has either two distinct imaginary roots and one real root, or three distinct real roots. C) It can have zero, one, two, or three distinct roots, all of which are real D) It has none of the above

The polynomial has the form: Ax^3 + Bx^2 + Cx + D= 0 The possible root combinations are (a) one real; (b) two complex and one real; (c) two real;and (d) three real. Therefore the answer is D.

Mr. S.W. Frank PE, is the owner and founder of Frank and Sons Engineering, Inc., a state corporation founded in compliance with state laws. None of Mr. Frank's son or employees are professional engineers. Mr. Frank, now 94 years old and with failing eyesight, comes into the office daily and asks questions about the projects. When his sons complete their reports and plans, he applies his engineer's seal (stamp) to them. A) This mode of operation is permitted as long as the company's name contains Mr. Frank's name B) This mode of operation is permitted as long as Mr. Frank's sons work for him C) This mode of operation is permitted as long as Mr. Frank continues to ask questions about the projects D) This mode of operation is not permitted

This problem deals with "plan stamping." Although all professional engineers can stamp (seal) plans, the term "plan stamping" is specifically used to describe stamping plans that someone else has developed without verifying the validity of all state engineering acts. In this case, it is unlikely that Mr. Frank's questions are sufficient to determine the validity of the plans he stamps. The answer is D

How can the relative humidity of an air sample be determined? A) Measure the wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures and divide the wet-bulb temperature by the dry-bulb temperature B) measure the barometric pressure and look up the corresponding relative humidity on a psychrometric chart C) measure the wet-bulb and dry-bulb and look up the corresponding relative humidity on a psychrometric chart D) measure the wet-bulb and dry-bulb and look up the corresponding relative humidity on a Mollier chart

To find the relative humidity, use the psychrometric chart. (The Mollier diagram is an enthalpy-entropy diagram for steam. ) The relative humidity is located on the chart at the intersection of the wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures. The answer is C

What test is used to determine the toughness of a material under shock loading? A) impact test B) hardness test C) fatigue test D) creep test

Toughness is defined as a measure of a material's ability to absorb highly localized, rapidly (shock) loads. The impact test measures toughness. The answer is A.

True or False: Addition and subtraction of two matrices are possible only if both matrices have the same size and shape?

True

True or false: Truss loads are considered to act only in the plane of the truss

Truss

Complete the sentence: "Guidelines of ethical behavior among engineers are needed because A) engineers are analytical and they don't always think in terms of right and wrong." B) all people, including engineers, are inherently unethical." C) rules of ethics are easily forgotten." D) it is easy for engineers to take advantage of clients."

Untrained members of society are at the mercy of the professionals (e.g doctors, lawyers, engineers) they employ. Even a cab driver can take advantage of a new tourist who doesn't know the shortest route between two points. In many cases, the unsuspecting public needs protection from unscrupulous professionals, engineers included, who act in their own interest. The answer is D

A cylinder with a frictionless piston contains an ideal gas at temperature T and pressure p. The gas expands isothermally and reversibly until the pressure is p/3. Which statement is true regarding the work done by the gas during expansion? A) it is equal to the change in enthalpy of the gas B) it is equal to the change in internal energy of the gas C) it is equal to the heat absorbed by the gas D) it is greater than the heat absorbed by the gas

Use the first law of thermodynamics Q=deltaU + W Since the internal energy remains constant during an isothermal process deltaU=0 Therefore Q=W The work done by the gas is equal to the heat absorbed by the gas. The answer is C

When the volume of an ideal gas is doubled while the temperature is halved, what happens to the pressure? A)Pressure is doubled. B) Pressure is halved C) Pressure is quartered D) Pressure is quadrupled

Using the equation of state for an ideal gas. p1v1/t1=p2v2/t2 p2=p1/4 therefore the pressure is quartered. The answer is C

Velocity= V= ?

V= Q/A = m/s Q= flow rate m^3/s A= Area m^2

pH= (equation)

log(10)(1/H+)

m=pv

mass= density*volume

Reynolds number (Re)

this is the calculation of flow turbulence Re=pvd/U

define Enthalpy

total energy of a system

A liquid boils when its vapor pressure is equal to A)one atmosphere of pressure B) the gauge pressure C) the absolute pressure D) the ambient pressure

A liquid boils when its vapor pressure is equal to the surrounding pressure. The answer is D

Which of the following methods of charging for professional services is unethical? A) Lump-sum at the start of the job B) Per diem, billed monthly in advance C) Per hour, billed at the end of each week D) Retainer, plus per hour billed at the end of each week

A lump sum at the start of the job is probably not wise, but it could be an ethical agreement. Billings for actual costs are ethical. It is common to charge a retainer at the start of a contract and to charge a percentage add-on for materials purchased for the benefit of the client. It is probably not ethical to bill for time you intend to spend in the future. The answer is B

Which of the following principles is the closest interpretation of the first law of thermodynamics for a closed system? A) the mass within a closed control volume does not change B) the net energy crossing the system boundary is the change in energy inside the system C) the change of total energy is equal to the rate of work performed D) All real processes tend toward increased entropy

A mathematical expression of the first law is Q-W= deltaU Q is the heat transfer into the system across the system boundary. W is the energy transferred across the system boundary to the surrounding in the form of work. DeltaU is the change in energy stored within the system in the form of internal energy. This expression shows that the energy transferred across the system boundary form a change in stored energy. The answer is B

When can you multiple two matrices together?

A matrix can be multiplied by another matrix, but only if the left-handed matrix has the same number of columns as the right-hand matrix has rows.

What is a matrix?

A matrix is an ordered set of entries arranged rectangularly and set off by brackets.A matrix itself has no particular value, it is merely a convenient method of representing a set of numbers.

What is a metric ton?

A metric ton also known as a tonne, is 1000 kg

If one is aware that a registered engineer willfully violates a state's rule of professional conduct, one should A) Do nothing B) Report the violation to the state's registration board C) Report the violation to the employer D) Report violation to the parties it affects

A violation should be reported to the organization that has promulgated the rule. The answer is B

Carbon monoxide and oxygen react at 4000 K and 1 atm pressure in a closed, flexible container to produce carbon dioxide. The standard enthalpy of formation for this reaction is -283kj/mol CO2. At equilibrium, the mole fractions are 0.03 oxygen, 0.89 carbon dioxide, respectfully. After equilibrium has been attained, the temperature of the system is suddenly decreased from 4000 K to 1000 K. Which of the following statements is correct? A)The equilibrium constant will increase B) The concentration of carbon monoxide will increase C) The mole fraction of carbon dioxide will decrease D) The reaction will stop

According to Le Chatelier's principle, hen a stress is applied to a system in equilibrium shifts in such a way as to relieve the stress. In this case, the stress is a decrease in temperature. When the temperature is decreased, the system will respond by increasing the rate at which CO2 is produced since this is an exothermic reaction ( as evidenced by the negative enthalpy of formation). The concentration of carbon dioxide and the equilibrium constant will increase as a result. The answer is A

A senior licensed professional engineer with 30 years of experience in geotechnical engineering is placed in charge of a multidisciplinary design tam consisting of a structural group, a geotechnical group, and an environmental group. In this role, she is responsible for supervising and coordinating the efforts of the groups when working on large interconnected projects. In order to facilitate coordination, designs are prepared by the groups under the direct supervision of the group leader, and then they are submitted to her review and approval. This arrangement is ethical as long as A) She signs and seals each design segment only after being fully briefed by the appropriate group leader B) She signs and seals only those design segments pertaining to geotechnical engineering C) Each design segment is signed and sealed by the license group leader responsible for its preparation D) She signs and seals each design segment only after it has been reviewed by an independent consulting engineer who specializes in the field in which it pertains

According to the NCEES model code, Licensees may accept assignments for coordination of an entire project, provided that each design segment is signed and sealed by the registrant responsible for preparation of that design segment. The answer is C.

What are the chemical formulas for the following compounds: aluminum nitrate, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and cupric carbonate? A) Al(NO3)3; Mg(OH)2; CaO; CuCO3 B) Al2(NO3); Mg(OH); CaO2; CuCO3 C) Al(NO3); Mg(OH)2; CaO; Cu(CO3)2 D) Al(NO3); Mg(OH); Ca2O3; CuCO3

Al has an oxidation number of +3 and NO3 has an oxidation number of -1 therefore Al(NO3)3 Mg has an oxidation number of +2 and OH has a number of -1 therefore Mg(OH)2 Ca has an oxidation number of +2 and O is -2 therefore CaO Cu has an oxidation number of +2 and CO3 has a number of -2 therefore CuCO3 The answer is A

Which of the following is not a code of ethics? A) the ten commandments B) the ancient code of Hammurabi C) the Rosetta Stone D) the scouting creed

All choices except C describe how you should behave. It is not necessary for a code of ethics to be written. The Rosetta stone described events; it did not describe behavior. The answer is C

What actions can be taken by a state-regulating agency against a design professional who violates one or more of its rule of conduct? I. the professionals' license may be revoked or suspended II. notice of violation may be published in the local newspaper III. the professional may be asked to make restitution IV. the professional may be required to complete a course in ethics A) I and II B) I and III C) I and IV D) I, II, III, and IV

All four punishments are commonly used by state engineering licensing boards. The answer is D

Which of the following statements concerning radiation heat transfer is false? A) The radiation emitted by a body is proportional to the fourth power of its absorbed temperature B) For a body of a particular size and temperature the maximum energy is emitted by a black body C) For an opaque body, the sum of absorptivity and reflectivity is always equal to unity D) Radiation energy cannot travel through a vacuum

All of the statements are true except (D). Radiation travels through a vacuum very well. The answer is D

Which of the following five situations are examples of making manually exclusive decisions? I. The maintenance department has requested a new air compressor and either a large paint booth or an additional air compressor II. The machine shop needs new inspection ad locating equipment III. The steno pool needs either a new, faster word processor or an additional office assistant IV. The budget committee must decide among building employees" convenience store, an on-site cafeteria, an enclosed pool, or an inhouse exercise room V. The newly elected union representative must resign due to a conflict of interest A) I,II, and IV B) I, II, and V C) I, III, and IV D) II, III and V

Alternatives are mutually exclusive when selecting one precludes the others. Situations I, III, and IV require a decision that will eliminate one part or another of the alternative. There is no alternative from which to choose in situation II and IV. The answer is C

Steel is an alloy of which of the following elements? A) iron and silicon B) iron and carbon C) iron and chromium D) iron and molybdenum

Although additional elements (such as chromium and molybdenum) can be used to modify its properties, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. The answer is B.

2 mol of aluminum react with hydrochloric acid to form which of the following? A) 2 mol of hydrogen gas B) 6 mol of hydrogen gas C) 1 mol of aluminum chloride D) 3 mol of hydrogen gas

Aluminum has an oxidation of +3, and chlorine is -1. Therefore, 3 mol of HCl are required per mole of aluminum to balance the number of electrons gained and lost. For 2 mol of aluminum, 2Al + 6 AlCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 gas. 3 mol of hydrogen gas are produced, the answer is D

Which of the following metals do not have a face-centered cubic crystalline structure? I. aluminum II. gamma-iron III. delta-iron IV. lead A) III only B) II and III C) III and IV D) I, II, and IV

Aluminum, lead, and gamma-iron all have face-centered cubic structures. Delta-iron has a body-centered cubic structure. The answer is A.

What are the processes in an ideal Otto combustion cycle? A) two constant volume processes and two isentropic processes B) two constant pressure processes and two isentropic processes C) two constant volume processes and two constant temperature processes D) two constant pressure processes and two constant temperature processes

An Otto combustion cycle consists of the following processes: isentropic compression, constant volume heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. The answer is A

Which of the following acts would normally not be permitted by an engineering code of conduct? A) Revealing facts, data, or information obtained in a professional capacity without the consent of the client or employer B) Approving and sealing only those documents and surveys that conform to accepted engineering standards C) Providing the state board information of a violation of its engineering code of conduct by a registered engineer D) Undertaking assignments requiring assistance to complete some elements outside your area of expertise

An engineer may not ethically reveal facts that have been confided. The answer is A

In dealing with suppliers, an engineer may A) unduly delay vendor performances if the client agrees B) spend personal time outside of the contract to ensure adequate performance C) prepare plans containing ambiguous design-build references as cost-saving measures D) enforce plans and specifications to the letter, without regards to fairness

An engineer not only may but is required to, ensure performance consistent with plans and specifications. If a job is intentionally or unintentionally underbid, the engineer will have to use personal time to complete the project. The answer is B

Rebecca works for a company in its laboratory division. She is required to keep accurate records of her experimental work. What is the first thing Rebecca should log into her lab notebook A) Her name B) Her position C) The date and time D) Her supervisor's name

An important responsibility in a laboratory environment is to record the date and time that an experience is conducted. The answer is C

What is Newton's First Law?

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force.

Austenite and martensite are A) both equilibrium solutions of carbon and iron B) an equilibrium solution and a non-equilibrium solution, respectively, of carbon and iron C) a non-equilibrium solution and an equilibrium solution, respectively, of carbon and iron D) both equilibrium solutions of carbon and iron

Austenite is an equilibrium substance consisting of carbon in gamma iron. It is found on the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram above 2065 °F (1129°C). Martensite is not an equilibrium substance and cannot be found on the equilibrium diagram. It's grain structure is obtained during a rapid quenching process. The answer is B.

Which organization typically do not have codes of ethics for engineers? A) technical societies (e.g., ASCE, ASME, IEEE) B) national professional societies (e.g.,The National Society of Professional Engineers) C) state professional societies (e.g., the Michigan Society of Professional Engineers) D) companies that write, administer, and grade licensing exam

Answer is D

Why does a spinning ice skater's angular velocity increase as she brings her arms in towards her body? A) Her mass moment of inertia is reduced B) Her angular momentum is constant C) Her radius of gyration is reduced D) All of the above

As the skater brings in her arms in, her radius of gyration and mass moment of inertia decrease. However, in the absence of friction, her angular momentum, h, is constant w=h/i Since angular velocity w is inversely proportional to the mass moment inertia decreases. The answer is D

A new junior engineer in a design company notices a detail in a design that she feels has the potential to be dangerous to the end-users. Her superiors explain that this detail was added to save manufacturing time. Furthermore, they assure her although the analysis is technically correct, this "shortcut" has been used for several years and the company has never been accused of any wrongdoing. What should the engineer do? A) Go along with the advice of the more senior engineers. They have more experience in the field and are most likely right. Besides, if some harm does come from the design, they will take the blame, not her. B) Ask of one of her college professors, an expert in the field, to look at the plans and make a recommendation C) Bring the issue to the attention of the company's upper nontechnical management. D) Report the company's violation to the state board and any other appropriate regulatory agencies.

As verified by the superiors, the company is using dangerous manufacturing practices. The fact that they have never been caught or implicated in any accidents is irrelevant. Bringing in an outside could be breach of contract and unethical. The answer is C

Which of the following statements pertaining to acids and bases is incorrect? A) Acids conduct electricity in aqueous solutions B) Acids turn blue litmus paper red C) Bases have a pH between 7 and 14. D) Bases have a sour taste

Bases have a bitter taste, unlike acids which have a sour taste. The answer is D

What is the maximum possible positive oxidation number for the element Br? A) +1 B) +3 C) +4 D) +7

Bromine has an oxidation number of -1, which means that it normally accepts one electron to complete its outer shell of eight electrons. Alternatively, it could give up seven electrons to have a full outer shell. The answer is D

Which of the following will affect the hardenability of steel? I. composition of austenite II. composition of cementite III. austenite grain size IV. quenching medium V. carbon content A) II only B) I and V C) III and V D) I, II, III and V

Carbon content and grain size are the primary factors affecting hardenability. The answer is C.

Which of the following hardening methods depends on rapid diffusion through the surface? A) austenitizing B) carburizing C) martempering D) precipitation hardening

Carburizing depends on the diffusion of carbon (the hardening element) through the surface of a heated piece of steel. Austenitizing, martempering and precipitation hardening are grain-size modifications brought about heat treatment. The answer is B.

Which of the following cannot be used as a nondestructive testing method for steel castings and forgings? A) radiography B) magnetic particle testing C) ultrasonic testing D) chemical analysis

Chemical analysis requires a sample of the material to be taken. Tests that require taking samples of the materials are not nondestructive tests. All of the methods can be used with steel castings and forgings. The answer is D.

Which of the following statements is true for an isentropic steady-flow process? (p is pressure, T is temperature, and V is volume.) A) p2/p1=(v1/v2)^k B) work= -V(p2-p1) C) p2/p1=v1/v2 D) p1/t1=p2/t2

Choice (A) is valid for an isentropic process. Choice (B) is valid for an incompressible fluid in constant volume process. Choice (C) is valid for an ideal gas in a constant temperature process. Choice (D) is valid for a constant volume process. The answer is A

Which would be considered an ethical gift for an engineer to accept from a supplier? A) Paid trip to an industry trade show B) Ticket for a trip to Europe C) Coffee mug with supplier's corporate logo D) A $100 check

Choices A, B, and D are gifted with relatively high monetary value and therefore are unethical. An engineer should only accept items that are of insignificant value. The answer is C.

During the day, an engineer works for a scientific research laboratory doing government research. During the night, the enginner uses some of the lab's equipment to perform testing services for other consulting engineers. Why is this action probably unethical? A) The laboratory has not given its permission for the equipment use. B) The government contract prohibits misuse and misappropriation of the equipment C) The equipment may wear out or be broken by the engineer and the replacement cost will be borne by the government contract D) The engineer's fee to the consulting engineers can undercut local testing services' fee because the engineer has lower overhead

Choices, A, B, C, and D may all be valid. However, the rationale specific ethical prohibitions on using your employer's equipment for a second job is economic. When you don't have to pay for the equipment, you don't have to recover its purchase price in your fees for service. The answer is D

Ideally, what is the precedence ( from highest to lowest importance) of your ethical responsibility? I. Yourself II. Your client III. Society as a whole IV. Your profession A) I-II-IV-III B) IV-II-III-I C) II-IV-III-I D) III-II-IV-I

Clearly, the safety and welfare of society as whole are your highest responsibilities, and you (yourself) are the lowest. The answer is D

What is the relationship between ethical and legal requirements? A) They place restrictions on the same actions B) They cover none of the same actions C) Ethical requirements add restrictions not required by the law D) Legal actions are ethical actions

Codes of ethics are guidelines of behavior. An action may be unethical and still be legal. Therefore the answer is C

Which of the following activities is not commonly required by codes of ethics for engineers? A) acting as a faithful agent or trustee for the client B) accepting payment for services only from the client C) submitting competitive bids to the client D) spelling out all known conditions of bids and proposals

Codes of ethics do not require engineers to submit competitive bids. In fact, competitive bids were prohibited in most engineering codes of ethics for many years. The answer is C

Which of the following principles is not embodied in codes of ethics for engineering consultants? I. Consulting engineers will place service to humankind above personal gain. II. Consulting engineers will serve clients faithfully, honestly, and professionally III. Consulting engineers will fair and will act with integrity and courtesy. IV. Consulting engineers will encourage the development of the engineering and consulting profession. A) I B) II C) III D) Neither I, II, III, nor IV

Codes of ethics for consulting engineers contain provisions pertaining to all four principles. The answer is D.

Complete the sentence: " information that is proprietary to a client A)may not be used in the work performed for the client." B) may be divulged to third parties." C) May be shared with other members of your design firm." D) should be kept absolutely confidential."

Confidential, proprietary and trade secret information may be used and divulged only with the permission of the client. Otherwise the information must be kept to yourself. The answer is D

Which of the following is true of the electric field intensity about an isolated point charge? A. It varies directly as the distance to the charge. B. It varies inversely as the distance to the charge. C. It varies directly as the square of the distance to the charge. D. It varies inversely as the square of the distance to the charge.

D. It varies inversely as the square of the distance to the charge.

What does Dalton's law of partial pressure state about gases? A) the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the individual gases' partial pressures B) the total volume of a nonreactive gas mixture is the sum of the individual gases' volume C) each gas of a mixture has the same partial pressure as that of the mixture D) the gas pressure of a mixture is the weighted average of the individual gas pressures

Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures. The answer is A

Depreciation allowance is best defined as A) the value that a buyer will give a machine's owner at the end of the machine's useful life. B) the amount awarded to industries involved in removing natural limited resources from the earth. C) the amount used to recover the cost of an asset so that a replacement can be purchased D) a factor whose use is regulated by federal law

Depression rates are closely regulated by federal law. Although depreciation does in fact result in a reduction in income taxes, it never is able to fully recover the original cost of the asset. The answer is D

The crystalline structure of metals can be modified by several processes. Plastic deformation of the crystalline structure resulting in misalignment of atoms, dislocations, and large stresses and strains in small regions are characteristics of which process. A) tempering B) cold forming C) twinning D) isostatic pressing

Dislocations, defects, and large concentrations of stress and strains are characteristics of metal that has been cold worked. The answer is B.

Which of the following is the primary factor in determining if sheet metal can be bent and formed without experiencing stress fractures and other undesirables effects? A) martensitic structure B) surface hardness C) modulus of elasticity D) ductility

Ductility is a measure of a material's ability to deform without failure. The answer is D.

Which of the following planes is a member of {1 1 0) family? A) (1 0 0) B) (1 0 1) C) (1 1 1) D) (0 0 1)

Due to the symmetry of a cubic structure, the choice of origin in a unit cell may be arbitrary, and thus, families of planes contain planes that are equivalent. The plane (1 0 1) is equivalent to plane (1 1 0 ) and therefore, is in the same family. Verify this result by sketching the plane of the correct answer choices, on a unit cell. The answer is B.

Which of the following elements is the most electronegative? A) Br B) Cl C) F D) I

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract an electron. According to periodic trends, electronegativity increases from left to right and bottom to top on the period table. Therefore, fluorine (F) is the most electronegative element, not only among the answer choices, but among all elements. The answer is C

While moving from left to right across the second row of the periodic table (i.e from Li to Ne), the atomic radii tend to A) uniformly increase B) uniformly decrease C) remain the same D) first increase, then decrease

Elements with smaller radii are more stable than those with larger radii. Elements increase their stability toward the right side of the periodic table. The answer is B

An engineering firm receives much of its revenue from community construction projects. Which of the following activities would it be ethical for the firm to participate in? A) Contribute to the campaigns of local politicians B) Donate money to the city council to help finance the building of a new city park C) Encourage employees to volunteer in community organizations D) Rent billboards to increase the company's name recognition

Encouraging the company's employees to volunteer their own time to the community is acceptable because the company is unlikely to get any specific benefit form it. The answer is C.

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Which of the following is the best definition of enthalpy? A) the ratio of heat added to temperature change induced in a substance B) the total amount of useful energy in a system C) the heat required to cause a complete conversion between two phases at a constant temperature D) the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available to do useful work

Enthalpy represents the total change in useful energy of a system. The answer is B

Which of the following terms is not related to ethics? A) integrity B) honesty C) morality D) profitability

Ethical actions may or may not be profitable. The answer is D

Ethics requires you to take into consideration the effects of your behavior on which group(s) of people? I. your employer II. the nonprofessionals in society III. other professionals A) II only B) I and II C) II and III D) I, II, and III

Ethical behavior places restrictions on behavior that affect you, your employer, other engineers, your clients and society as a whole. The answer is D

What is the direct result of ethical behavior? I. Your reputation will be enhanced II. You will be rewarded economically III. You will feel good about yourself A) I only B) II only C) III only D) neither I, II, III

Ethical behavior promises nothing, not even a "warm fuzzy" feeling of having done "what is right." Many ethical decisions are bittersweet. The answer is D.

Which of the following can override your ethical requirements to perform a thorough analysis and check of the work for your client? A) time constraints B) budgetary constraints C) legal constraints, including subpoenas and judicial orders D) other ethical obligations

Ethical obligations to society can take precedence over ethical obligations to a particular person. The answer is D.

Ethical behavior is invariant with respect to I. time II. location III. culture A) I only B) II only C) III only D) neither I, II, III

Ethics are not universal. They depend on your culture. Ethics of a culture change over time. The answer is D.

"Ethics" is best defined as I. a philosophical concept dealing with moral conduct II. a set of standards establishing right and wrong actions III. rules that describe your duty to society and to your fellow professionals IV. guidelines that help you make decisions A) I only B) II only C) I and III D) I, II, III and IV

Ethics describes moral conduct; right and wrong actions; and duty to society, your employer, your fellow professionals, and yourself. These rules help you make practical decisions. The answer is D.

On his own time, a professional engineer writes and self-publishes a technical book. The engineer designs his own cover and writes his own ad copy. The cover and promotional literature both brazenly claim that the book is "the best available," the "most concise," the "best buy," and the " most authoritative." Both the cover and ad copy repeatedly slam the book's other major competitor. A dissatisfied reader who relied on the cover copy when buying the book complains to the engineer's professional society that such advertising methods violate the society's code of ethics. What should the society do? A) Do nothing. Codes of ethics are intended to guide providers of consulting services, not authors. B) Do nothing. Such "puffery" is a common marketing tool, and nobody believes it anyway C) Request that the engineer provide supporting data, comparisons, and studies to support the claims before taking further steps. D) Immediately charge the engineer with making outlandish, unsupported, and misleading claims. File an injunction and/ or lawsuit prohibiting the engineer from using such wording in the future.

Exaggerating one's capabilities and speaking disparagingly of the work of other engineers is a violation of probably all ethical codes. However since a complaint was made the society should follow up on the report. The answer is C

Why is excess air required in combustion? A) it allows the reaction to occur stoichiometrically B) it reduces air pollution C) it reduces the heat required D) it allows complete combustion

Excess air is required for complete combustion to occur. The answer is D

If the sum of the forces on a particle is not equal to zero, the particle is? a) moving with constant velocity in the direction of the resultant force. b) accelerating in a direction opposite of the resultant force. c) accelerating in the same direction as the resultant force d) moving with a constant velocity opposite to the direction of the resultant force.

F=ma Since force and acceleration are both vectors, and mass is a scalar, the direction of acceleration is the same as the resultant force. The answer is C

The centripetal force acting on a particle traveling at constant velocity in a circular path is given by which of the following? A) mw^2r B) 1/2mw^2r C) 1/2mw^2r^2 D) mwv

Fc=ma=mv^2/r=m(wr^)2/r=mw^2r the answer is A

centrifugal force

Fc=mv^2/r m=mass v= velocity r=radius Fc= centrifugal force

Which of the following is a member of the halogen family? A) Sodium B) Fluorine C) Hydrogen chloride D) Phosphorus

Fluorine is a member of the halogen family, the answer is B

What is the order of reaction with respect to reactant E and the overall order of the reaction described by the following rate law? Rate=k[E]^2 A) second order with respect to E: fourth order overall B) second order with respect to E: second order overall C) first order with respect to E: second order overall D) first order with respect to E: fourth order overall

For a reaction of the form aA + bB --> cC + dD , the rate of reaction is r=k[A]^a[B]^b For the given rate law, the reaction must be of the form E+E --> product The order of reaction is the total number of molecules reacting. In this case, the order of reaction is second with respect to reactant E and second overall (since there are no other reactants.) The answer is B

Newton's Third Law

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

The thermal resistance for one-dimensional steady conduction heat transfer through a cylindrical wall in the radial direction in which of the following? A) linear B) logarithmic C) exponential D) polynomial

For heat flow radially through cylindrical pipe walls, the logarithmic mean area is used. Since thermal resistance is L/kA, the thermal resistance is logarithmic. The answer is B

Matrix C is the product of the matrix multiplication AB. What is the size of matrix B? A=[4 2 3 1, 7 0 1 1, 0 2 3 1] C=[1 2 3 5, 2 1 2 5, 0 0 1 4, 4 7 6 2] A) 3 X 3 B) 3 X 4 C) 4 X 3 D) 4 X 4

For the matrix AB to be possible, matrix A must have the same number of columns as matrix B has rows. The answer is B.

What would you have to know to determine whether a solvent poured into a breaker containing water will float on top of the water? A) The solvent's specific gravity is more than one, and solubility is high. B) The solvent's specific gravity is less than one, and solubility is high. C) The solvent's specific gravity is less than one, and regardless of solubility. D) The solvent's specific gravity is less than one, and solubility is low.

For the solvent to float on water, it must be both lighter than water (specific gravity less than one) and without significant solubility in water. If the solvent has a high solubility, it would dissolve into the water and form a solution. The answer is D

What is Newton's second law?

Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma)

Fx

Fx=Vcos(theta)

Fy

Fy=Vsin(theta)

What is the best description of "going along with the crowd" and "doing what the Romans do?" A) ethical behavior B) legal behavior C) moral behavior D) mob action

Group actions may be illegal, immoral, and unethical. The best you can say is that crowd actions are the actions of the group. A mob is a group or crowd that acts with a singular purpose. The answer is D.

What is the hardest form of steel? A) pearlite B) ferrite C) bainite D) martensite

Hard steel is obtained by rapid quenching. Martensite has a high hardness since it is rapidly quenched. Through martensite is hard, it has low ductility. The answer is D.

Which of the following could serve as a polyphase inductor? A) an induction motor B) heating coils C) a synchronous capacitor D) a plating tank

Heating coils are essentially purely resistive and do not have a large inductive effect. A synchronous capacitor is a synchronous motor that runs unloaded and draws a leading current, often used for power factor correction. A plating tank is not an inductive load. The stator of a three-phase induction motor consists of three primary windings connected in either a wye or delta configuration. The induction motor is essentially a three-phase inductor. The answer is A

An engineer spends all of his free time (outside of work) gambling illegally. Is this a violation of ethical standards? No, the engineer is entitled to a life outside of work. No, the engineer's employer, his client, and the public are not affected. No, not as long as the engineer stays debt-free from the gambling activities. Yes, the engineer should associate only with reputable persons and organization

If the gambling activities were legitimate and legal, this wouldn't be a question. Since legal activities are by definition ethical. The gambling is illegal. Engineers should do nothing that brings them and their professionals into disrepute. It is impossible to separate people from their professions. When engineers participate in disreputable activities, it casts the entire profession in a bad light. The answer is D

Which of the following statements is true? A) An ideal current source cannot be in parallel with a short circuit B) An ideal voltage source can be in parallel with an open circuit C) An ideal current source can be in series with an open circuit D) An ideal voltage source cannot be in series with a with an ideal current source

If there is a complete circuit, ideal voltage and current sources deliver voltages and current at their rated values regardless of the circuit parameters. This eliminates the "cannot be in" alternatives. No current will flow in an open circuit, no matter how ideal the source is. This eliminates choice C. An ideal voltage source will still develop its full voltage potential even without a full circuit. The answer is B

Which of the following is a correct definition for power factor in an alternating current circuit? A)the ratio of apparent power to actual power B) the ratio of resistance to impedance C) the sine of the phase angle between voltage and current of the load D) the ratio of impedance to resistance

Impedance is the complex sum of resistance and reactance. Considering the impedance triangle, the impedance can be written as: Z=R/cos(theta) The quantity cos(theta) is called the power factor. Theta is the impedance angle- the angle between voltage and current. Cos(theta)= R/Z Therefore the answer is B

The impulse and momentum principle is mostly useful for solving problems involving? a) force, velocity, and time b) force, acceleration, and time c) velocity, acceleration, and time d) force, velocity, and acceleration

Impulse is calculated from force and time. Momentum is calculated from mass and velocity. Therefore, the impulse and momentum principle is useful in solving problems involving force, time, velocity, and mass. The answer is A

An AC circuit consisting of a capacitor, an inductor, and a resistor in series is resonant when the A)in-phase current equals the out-of-phase current B) maximum current passes through the circuit C) power dissipation is minimum D) power factor is zero

In a resonant series-RLC circuit, impedance is a minimum and current is a maximum. The magnitude of the current is the magnitude of the voltage divided by the magnitude of the impedance. The magnitude of the impedance is a minimum when the imaginary part cancels (resonance). The answer is B

Which of the following statements holds true for an ideal Otto cycle during the combustion portion of the cycle? A)the volume increases B) the volume is constant C) the pressure is constant D) the temperature is constant

In an Otto cycle, heat is added during the combustion process, The volume remains constant. The answer is B

Which of the following statements is true for a pressurized cylindrical tank? A)tangential stresses are independent of the radius of the vessel B) both longitudinal and tangential stresses are dependent on the radius of the vessel C) longitudinal stresses are greater than both the radial and tangential stress D) longitudinal stresses are independent of the radius of the vessel

In general, a tank under pressure will experience longitudinal, circumferential (also known as hoop and tangential), and radial stresses. All of these stresses are dependent on the radius of the tank, except that the radial stress is negligible if the tank is thin walled. All stresses are dependent on wall thickness. The answer is B

Which of the following statements is true for steady-state conditions in a circuit powered by a dry cell? A) Voltage is dependent upon time B) Inductors behave as short circuits C) Capacitors behave as short circuits D) Resistors behave as open circuits

Inductors have no resistance in a DC circuit; therefore, they will act as a short circuit. Capacitors have infinite resistance; thus they act as an open circuit. Capacitors placed across the dry cell will accumulate charge. The answer is B.

What is the difference between annealing and recrystallization? A)Annealing is a process in which a metal is heated to the critical point and allowed to cool gradually, while recrystallization occurs naturally in nonmetals, such as silicon. B) Recrystallization requires a long period at a high temperature, while annealing involves quenching. C) Recrystallization occurs above the Curie point, while annealing occurs below the eutectoid temperature. D) Recrystallization is the same as annealing except at lower temperatures.

Recrystallization is the same as annealing, except at a lower temperature. The answer is D

A building designed by an engineer-architect team leaks during heavy rains. The building's owner may not be able to recover the cost of repairs because of A) An act of god clause in the owner's building insurance policy B) A hold-harmless clause in the contract between the engineer and the architect C) The statute of limitations D) Insolvency of the construction bonding the company

Insurance for building owners routinely covers water damage from rain leakage. A hold-harmless agreement between the engineer and the architect would not affect the engineer-client relationship. Insolvency of the original bonding company would be covered by the back-up or federal insurance. A statute of limitations would prohibit the owner from collecting if the building was completed more than a certain number of years before. The answer is C

Which thermodynamic property is the best measure of the molecular activity of a substance? A) enthalpy B) internal energy C) entropy D) external energy

Internal energy is a measure of the translational, rotational, and vibrational kinetic energies of the molecules of a substance. The answer is B

Which of the following elements has the largest first ionization energy? A) Ba (barium) B) Cu (copper) C) Ne (neon) D) S (sulfur)

Ionization energy is the energy required to completely remove an electron from an atom. It is usually expressed in joules or joules per mole. When expressed per unit charge ( J/C i.e volts V), it is known as ionization potential. The first ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell. Ionization energy decreases. Neon is not only a noble gas, but it has the fewest number of shells. The answer is C

Define Isentropic

Isentropic means no change in entropy

What is an isomer? A) a single atom B) a basic building block for large chemical chains C) different arrangements of the same atoms D) a substance containing a hydroxyl ion

Isomers are different molecular arrangement of the same atoms. The answer is C

Plan stamping is best defined as A) the legal action of signing off on a project you didn't design but are taking full responsibility. B) the legal action of signing off on a project you didn't design or check but didn't accept money for it C) the illegal action of signing off on a project you didn't design but did check D) the illegal action of signing off on a project you didn't design or check

It is legal to stamp (e.g sign off on) plans that you personally designed and/ or checked. It is illegal to stamp plans that you didn't personally design or check, regardless of whether you got paid. It is illegal to work as a "plan checker" consultant. The answer is D

An engineering professor with a professional engineering license and 20 years of experience in engineering education is asked to consult on a building design. Can the professor accept this request? A) Yes, but she should review and comment on only those portions of the project in which she is qualified by education and experience. B) Yes, a professor is subject matter expert and as such should be fully competent to review the design. C) Yes, as licensed professional engineer, the professor has demonstrated her competence in engineering and may review the design. D) No, there is a tremendous difference between working in academia and having be conducted by practicing engineer.

It is perfectly legal and ethical for the professor to consult on the building design. Although she should only comment on those portions of design she has experience on as 20 years of experience doesn't mean she knows everything. The answer is A

Complete the sentence: "State registration boards, boards of ethics review, oversight committees, and internal audit departments are used in industry and government because. I. illegal and unethical actions must be punished." II. people must be shown that the rules will be enforced." III. there is something to be learned from all errors in judgement A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I, II, and III

It is said that eternal vigilance is the price we pay. Professional can make mistakes. They may act out of ignorance, inexperience, or greed. Regardless of the motive, in order to protect the public, the system must react to keep the action from being repeated by the same individual or by others. The answer is D

What is the Law of Conservation of Momentum?

It states that the linear momentum is unchanged if no unbalanced force acts on the particle.

Which of the following expression correctly relates the power factor (pf) to real power (P), reactive power (Q), and complex power (S)? A) pf=P/Q B) pf= Q/P C) pf=P/S D) pf= Q/S

The answer is C

Two engineers submitted sealed bids to a prospective client for a design project. The client told engineer A how must engineer B had bid and invited engineer A to beat that amount. Engineer A really wants the project and honestly believes he can do a better job than engineer B. What should he do? A) He should submit another quote, but only if he can perform the work adequately at the reduced price. B) He should withdraw from consideration for the project. C) He should remain in consideration for the project, but not change his bid. D) He should bargain with the client for the cost of the work.

It would be unfair and unethical for engineer A to submit another bid. Depending upon the regulating agency, it may also be illegal. He does not, however, have to remove himself from consideration for the project. The answer is C.

What basic SI unit is equal to kg*m^2/s^2

Kinetic energy is calculated in SI units as (1/2)mv^2, with units of the joule

Kirchhoff's laws state which of the following? A) voltages across the parallel branches are equal, and current through series branches are equal. B) a voltage source in series with a resistor may be replaced by a current source in parallel with a resistor and vice versa C) The sum of the currents in branches compromising any closed loop in a circuit is zero, and the sum of all voltages in branches connected to a common node is zero. D) The sum of the currents flowing into a node is zero, and the sum of the voltages in the branches of any closed loop of a circuit is zero.

Kirchhoff's current law states that as much current flows out of a node as flow into it. Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the sum of the voltage drop around any closed loop is equal to the sum of the applied voltages. The answer is D

Which of the following characteristics describes martensite? I. high ductility II. former by quenching austenite III. high hardness A) I only B) I and II C) II and III D) I and III

Martensite is a hard, strong, and brittle material formed by rapid cooling of austenite. The answer is C.

What are minor losses? A) decreases in pressure due to friction in fully developed turbulent flow through pipes of constant area B) decreases in pressure due to friction in valves, tees, and elbows, and other frictional effects C) decreases in pressure due to friction that can usually be ignored D) developed in pressure due friction in fully developed turbulent flow in non-constant area pipes

Minor losses are friction caused by fittings, changes in direction, and changes in flow area. The flow regime (laminar or turbulent) and the pipe cross section are irrelevant. The answer is B.

17 years ago, Susan designed a corrugated steel culvert for a rural road. Her work was accepted and paid by the county engineering department. Last winter, the culvert collapsed as a loaded logging truck passed over. Although there were no injuries, there was damage to the truck and roadway, and the county tried unsuccessfully to collect on Susan's company's bond. The judge denied the claim on the basis that the work was done too long ago. This defense is known as A) Privity of contract B) Duplicity of liability C) Statute of limitations D) Caveat emptor

Most states have statutes of limitations. Unless a crime or fraudulent act has been committed, defects appearing after a certain amount of time are not actionable. The answer is C

Which of the following siuations is most appropriate for using the break-even analysis? A) Calculating the interest rate that will ensure that costs and returns are equal B) Determining the number of units to produce to ensure that income cover expenses C) Establishing the minimum return on investment over a set number of years D) Forecasting the amount of product that must be produced to meet a set profit margin

The answer is B.

One newton is equal to a) give a 1 g mass an acceleration of 1 m/s^2 b) accelerate a 10 kg mass at a rate of 0.10 m/s^2 c) accelerate a 1 kg mass at a rate of 1.00 cm/s^2 d) accelerate a 1 kg mass at a rate of 9.81 m/s^2

Newton's second law can be expressed as F=ma. The unit of force which has fundamental units of kg*m/s^2. A newton of force required to accelerate a 1 kg mass at a rate of 1 m/s^2 or 10 kg mass at a rate of 0.10 m/s^2 The answer is B

Which method of surface hardening does not depend on diffusion? A) induction hardening B) nitriding C) carburizing D) cyaniding

Nitriding, carburizing, and cyaniding depend on the diffusion of nitrogen, carbon, and cyanide, respectively. Induction hardening uses high-frequency current to heat the metal and rapid quenching to capture the grain structure. The answer is A.

Adiabatic

No heat transfer: compression/ expansion. Work is done on/ by gas. relating to or denoting a process or condition in which heat does not enter or leave the system concerned.

An engineer works at a large firm for several years, during which he participates in the development of a new production technique. After leaving the company to start a consulting business, a competitor of his original employer asks for help with a similar problem, and the engineer is sure that the only solution is to use the process developed by his previous employer. Can the engineer ethically accept the job? A) No this would constitute accepting payment from more than one party for the same project B) No the engineer would have to use information obtained while working for his original employer C) Yes because he is no longer employed by the original company, any nondisclosure agreement are invalid D) Yes it is understood that consulting engineers often work for competing clients, and that some knowledge transfer is inevitable

Nondisclosure agreements are not limited to the terms of employment. Consulting engineers are expected to maintain the confidentially of their clients' proprietary knowledge just as regular employees are, and often they have sign nondisclosure agreements with each client. Using knowledge gained would not be considered working on the same project, but it would be a breach of confidentially. The answer is B

A substance whose properties are uniform throughout a sample is referred to as A) a solid B) an ideal substance C) a pure substance D) a standard substance

The answer is C

Basic safety equipment for a university chemistry laboratory class includes all of the following except: A) Fire extinguisher B) Safety glasses C) Splash apron D) Steel-toed boots

The answer is D

A relatively new engineering firm is considering running an advertisement for their services in the local newspaper. An ad agency has supplied them with four concepts. Of the four types, which one(s) would be acceptable from the standpoint of professional ethics? I. an advertisement contrasting their successes over the past years with their nearest competitors' failures II. An advertisement offering a free television to anyone who hires them for work valued over 10,000 III. An advertisement offering to beat the price of any other engineering firm for the same services IV. An advertisement that tastefully depicts their logo against the backdrop of the golden gate bridge A)I and II B) I, III, and IV C) II, III, and IV D)Neither I, II, III, and IV

None of the ads is acceptable from the standpoint of professional ethics. The answer is D

A rigid body is subjected to three concurrent, co-planar forces. What is the minimum number of independent forces equations are necessary to establish the equilibrium conditions? a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

Only force equilibrium equations are needed to analyze systems of concurrent forces. For planar forces, only two equations are necessary to establish equilibrium. Answer is C

Which of the following chemical formulas is incorrect? A) Ca(OH)2 B) Na2CO3 C) CaCl D) KOH

Oxidation numbers: Ca +2 Cl -1 CaCl2 The answer is C

Why is aluminum more rust-resistant than steel? A) The reaction rate with atmospheric oxygen is higher for steel B) The reaction rate with atmospheric oxygen is higher for aluminum C) Iron atoms are larger than aluminum atoms, and thus, the interstitial spaces are larger D) Iron has a greater magnetic properties then aluminum

Oxygen reacts faster with aluminum. In fact, it reacts so fast that it creates a film of aluminum oxide that acts as a protective coating. The answer is B

What is a passive element? A)an element with reactance but no resistance B) an element that plays no role in a circuit C) an element whose characteristics are controlled by the characteristics of another element D) an element that only stores, releases, or dissipates power.

Passive elements absorb and/or release energy. The answer is D

Poisson's ratio is the ratio of which of the following? A)the unit of lateral deformation to the unit longitudinal deformation B) the unit stress to unit strain C) the elastic limit to the proportional limit D) the shear strain to the compressive strain

Poisson's ratio is the ratio of the lateral strain to the axial strain. The answer is A

Which of the following types of memory is lost when a computer's power is removed? A) RAM B) ROM C) PROM D) EPROM

ROM (read-only memory), PROM ( programmable read-only memory), EPROM ( erasable, programmable read-only memory), and WORM (write-once, read many) devices retain their information when the power is removed. The answer is A

Portable electric tools are frequently used where operators may encounter water or other conductive materials. The safety device required by The National Electrical Code to protect against accidental electrocution in wet/ damp environment is known as a: A) Ground rod B) Properly sized circuit breaker C) Ground fault interrupter (GFI) D) Two-conductor power cord

The answer is C

You are a city engineer in charge of receiving bids on behalf of the city council. A contractor's bid arrives with two tickets to a professional football game. The bid is the lowest received. What should you do? A) Return the tickets and accept the bid B) Return the tickets and reject the bid C) Discard the tickets and accept the bid D) Discard the tickets and reject the bid

Registrants should not accept gifts from parties expecting special considerations, so the tickets cannot be kept. They also should not be merely discarded, for several reasons. Inasmuch as the motive of the contractor is now known with certainty, in the absence of other bidding rules, the bid may be accepted. The answer is A

You are an engineer in charge of receiving bids for an upcoming project. One of the contractors bidding the job is your former employer. The former employer laid you off in a move to cut costs. Which of the following should you do? I. say nothing II. inform your present employer of the situation III. remain objective when reviewing the bids A) I and II B) I and III C) II only D) II and III

Registrants should remain objective at all times and should notify their employers of conflicts of interest or situations that could influence the registrants' ability to make objective decisions. The answer is D.

A reduction in the relative humidity in a test chamber will result from which of the following? A)an increase in the air temperature B) a drop in the air temperature C) a decrease in the partial pressure of water vapor D) a reduction in the water vapor pressure in relation to the chamber temperatures

Relative humidity= (partial pressures of water vapor/ saturation pressure) A decrease in the partial pressure of water vapor would reduce humidity. The answer is C.

The hydraulic radius is? A) the mean radius of the pipe B) the radius of the pipe bend on the line C) the wetted perimeter of a conduit divided by the area of flow D) the cross-sectional fluid area divided by the wetted perimeter

Rh= area in flow/ wetted perimeter The answer is D

What is the oxidation number for chromium (Cr) in the compound BaCrO4? A) +1 B) +2 C) +4 D) +6

Since barium (Ba) has an oxidation number of +2, the chromate ion (CrO4) has an oxidation number of -2. Oxygen always has an oxidation number of -2, so the chromium must have an oxidation number of +6 in order to give the chromate ion a net oxidation number of -2. The answer is D

What is the valence (oxidation state) of carbon in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)? A) -4 B) -2 C) +2 D) +4

Since sodium carbonate is a neutral compound, the sum of the oxidation number is zero. Oxygen has a valence of -2, and sodium has a valence of +1. The valence of carbon can be calculated as (2)(+1)+x+(3)(-2)=0 x-4=0 x=4 The answer is D

A ball is dropped onto a smooth floor. It deforms elastically and then returns to its original shape as it rebounds to its original height. Air friction is negligible. Which of the following statements best describes the thermodynamic change in the ball? A) the entropy of the ball increases B) the entropy of the ball is unchanged C) The temperature of the ball decreases D) The enthalpy of the ball increases

Since the ball returns to its original height, the impact is perfectly elastic and energy is conserved. The temperature, enthalpy, and entropy are unchanged. The answer is B

A perfect sphere moves up a friction-less incline. Which of the following quantities increases? a) angular velocity b) total energy c) potential energy d) linear momentum

Since the system is friction-less, there is no moment causing the sphere to rotate or to stop rotating. Therefore, angular velocity and total energy is constant. Kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. As the linear velocity decreases, do does the linear momentum. The answer is C

Water flow rate in a pipe is measured using a 5 minute time interval. The flow rate data is plotted verus time, and a smooth curve is passed through the data points. The total volume passing the measuring point over a 24-hour period can be estimated by the: A) Highest point on the flow vs. time curve B) Average of all flows measured C) Area under the flow vs. time curve D) Slope of the tangent to the steepest portion of the flow vs time curve

The answer is C

Which cycle do most steam turbine power-generating plants operate on? A) Brayton B) Otto C) Rankine D) Ericsson

Steam turbine cycles in commercial power-generating plants closely approximate the Rankine cycle. The answer is C

Which of the following process can increase the deformation resistance of steel? I. tempering II. hot working III. adding alloying elements IV. hardening A) I and II B) I and IV C) II and III D) III and IV

Surface hardening processes will increase the deformation resistance of steel. Some alloying metals will also increase steel hardness. Tempering and hot work working increase ductility (deformation capability) of steel. The answer is D.

A deep-submergible diving bell has a cylindrical pressure hull with an outside diameter of 2.5m and a wall thickness of 15cm. The hull is expected to experience an external pressure of 50 MPa. How should the design proceed? A) the logarithmic-mean area should be used as the design area in stress calculations B) a factory of safety of at least 4 should be used if the hull material is ductile, and of at least 8 if the hull material is notch-brittle. C) the hull can be designed as a thin-walled pressure vessel because the ratio of hull thickness to hull diameter is less than 0.1 D) the hull should be designed as a thick-walled pressure vessel because vessels under external pressure fail by buckling, not by yielding.

Tanks under external pressure fail by buckling (i.e., collapse), not by yielding. They should not be designed using the simplistic formula commonly used for thin-walled tanks under internal pressure. The answer is D

Complete the sentence: " The U.S Department of Justice's successful action in the 1970's against engineering codes of ethics that formally prohibited competitive bidding was based on the premise that A) competitive bidding allowed minority firms to participate B) competitive bidding was required by many governments contracts C) the prohibitions violated antitrust statues D) engineering societies did not have the authority to prohibit competitive bidding

The U.S Department of Justice's successful challenge was based on antitrust statutes. Prohibiting competitive bidding was judged to inhibit free competition among design firms. The answer is C

All of the following are oxidation-reduction reactions except: A) CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2 B) CO2 + C --> 2CO C) Fe + S --> FeS D) 2SO2 + O2 --> 2SO3

The answer is A

Your bachelor of science program in electrical engineering was mostly concentrated in electronics and computer engineering cources. When you are ready to graduate , the computer and electronics industry is in a terrible slump, but the electrical power industry is booming. Ethically, you can: A) Develop a three-sentence paragraph addition to your resume describing how your academic background is applicable to the power industry. B) Rework your resume to point out all the seminar-like discussions you have had with friends who studied electrical power courses C) Add to your resume the summer job spent wiring houses for your uncle as " residential electrical power systems internship" D)Purchase a transcript from a mall-order university with an electrical power emphasis

The answer is A

A person who has a license as a professional engineer, known as a license, has obligations to the following: Select all that apply. A) Other persons who have licenses as professional engineers B) The court system C) The public D) The employer of the licensee E) The client of the licensee/licensee's employer F) The licensee's alma mater

The answer is A, B, D and E

Consider the following equation: K= ([C]^2 [D]^2)/ ([A]^4 [B]) The equation above is the formulation of the chemical equilibrium constant equation for which of the following reactions? A) C2 + D2 -> A4 + B B) 4A + B <-> 2C + 2D C) 4C + 2D <-> 2A + B D) A4 + B <-> C2 + D2

The answer is B

Which of the following compounds listed below has the lowest lethal dose, based on LD50, where the LD50 is based on oral or skin exposture by test animals? A) Phenobarbital B) Strychnine C) Nicotine D) PCBs

The answer is C

Violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct should be reported to the: A) Local chapter of the professional engineering association in the county and state in which the violation occurred B) State chapter of the professional engineering association in the state in which the violation occurred C) Office of attorney in the county and state in which the violation occurred D) Board of registration in the state in which the violation occurred

The answer is D

The binomial probability function is used when?

The binomial probability function is used when all outcomes can be categorized as either successes or failures.

Which of the following occurs when table salt (NaCl) is added to continuously heated boiling water? A) The water continues to boil B) The water momentarily stops boiling C) The water boils even more agitatedly D) The temperature of the water decreases XXX boiling continues uninterrupted

The boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent at the same pressure. XXXX of the solute will momentarily stop the boiling process until the elevated boiling point temperature is reached. The answer is B

The first derivative of kinetic energy with respect to time is equal to? a) force b) momentum c) work d) power

The combination of variables is (kg*m^2/s^3) corresponds to a watt (i.e power) The answer is D

While supervising a construction project in a developing country, an engineer discovers that his client's project manager is treating laborers in an unsafe and inhumane (but for that country, legal) manner. When he protests, the engineer is told by the company has no choice in the matter if it wishes to remain competitive in the region, and he should just accept this as the way things are. What would ethics require the engineer to do? A) Take no action- the company is acting in a perfectly legal manner B) Withdraw from the project returning any fees he may already have received. C) report the company to the proper authorities for its human rights abuses D) assist the laborers in organizing a strike to obtain better working conditions.

The company hasn't broken any law, so there is no one to report them to, but it is using unethical business practices. The engineer should be at the least withdraw from the project as a form of protest and sever any business with the company. The answer is B.

For every gas there is a particular temperature above which the properties of the gas cannot be distinguished from properties of a liquid no matter how great the pressure. This temperature is known as the A) absolute temperature B) saturation temperature C) standard temperature D) critical temperature

The critical temperature is the highest point on the vapor dome. The substances cannot exist in liquid form at a temperature about the critical temperature. The answer is D

The polarity of the voltage to a DC motor is reversed. Which statement is true? A) The rotor will not turn, because the commutator rectifies B) The rotor will reverse direction C) The rotor will rotate in the same direction D) the motor will burn up.

The current through the armature windings will be reversed when the voltage polarity is reversed. The direction of the magnetic flux is reversed, and the torque of the motor will be reversed. Therefore, the direction of the motor will be reversed. The answer is B

Which of the following properties cannot be derived from a tensile test? A) Modulus of elasticity B) modulus of resilience C) endurance limit D) ultimate tensile strength

The endurance limit is measured by a fatigue test and cannot be found from a tensile test. The other three quantities can be obtained by a tensile test. The answer is C

What measurements are required to determine the phase angle of a single-phase circuit? A) the power is watts consumed by the circuit B) the frequency, capacitance, and inductance C) the power in watts, voltage, and current D) the resistance, current, and voltage

The equation for power is P= ½*Vmax*Imax*cos(theta)=Vrms*Irms*cos(theta) Therefore, to find the phase angle, theta, the power, voltage, and current must be shown. The answer is C

What measurements are required to determine the phase angle of a single-phase circuit? A) the power in watts consumed by the circuit B) the frequency, capacitance, and inductance C) the power in watts, voltage, and current D) the resistance, current, and voltage

The equation for power is P=VI*costheta Therefor you need power, current, and voltage. The answer is C

An ideal Rankine cycle consists of which of the following? A) two constant volume and two isentropic processes B) two constant pressure and two isentropic processes C) two constant volume and two constant temperature processes D) two constant pressure and two constant temperature processes

The ideal Rankine cycle consists of the processes of isentropic compression, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant pressure heat rejection. The answer is B

What is an identity matrix?

The identity matrix is a diagonal matrix, meaning that it is a square matrix with all zero entries except for the aij entries, for which i=j. All nonzero entries are equal to one, and the matrix has the property that AI=IA=A

If T is the absolute temperature, the intensity of radiation from an ideal radiator will be proportional to A) T B) T^2 C) T^3 D) T^4

The intensity of an ideal (black-body) radiator at absolute temperature T is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann law, also known as the "fourth power law" The answer is D

The length, L, of a column divided by r is one of the terms in the equation for the buckling of a column subjected to compression loads. What does r stand for in the l/r ratio? A) radius of the column B) radius of gyration C) least radius of gyration D) slenderness

The length, L, of a column divided by r is the slenderness ratio, r is the ratio of gyration of the column. For most columns, there are two radii of gyration, and the smallest one is used for the slenderness ratio in design. The answer is C

Which of the following characterize a hot-worked steel part in comparison with a cold-worked part? I. higher yield strength II. better surface finish III. greater hardness IV. greater toughness V. less ductility A) I and V B) II only C) III and IV D) none of the above

The listed properties characterizes a cold-worked steel part in comparison with a hot-worked part, rather than the opposite. The answer is D.

If the magnitude of the potential difference is generated by a single conductor passing through a magnetic field, which of the following statements is false? A)The potential difference depends on the speed with which the conductor cuts the magnetic field B) The potential difference depends on the length of the conductor that cuts the magnetic field C) The potential difference depends on the magnetic field density that is present D) The potential difference depends on the diameter of the conductor that cuts the magnetic field

The potential difference is the induced voltage described by Faraday's Law: E= -Nd(theta)/(dt) The change in the magnetic flux d(theta)/(dt), will be influenced by the length of the conductor but not the cross-sectional area or diameter of the conductor. For a single conductor N=1. The answer is D

An inventor claims that an engine produces 130kW with a fuel consumption of 20kg/h. The fuel has a chemical energy of 40,000 kJ/kg. The energy is received at a mean temperature of 500° C and is rejected at a mean temperature of 50° C. Which laws of thermodynamics are violated? A)first law only B) second law only C) both first and second laws D) neither the first nor second laws

The power produced is not greater than the energy put into the system, so the first law is not violated. The efficiency of the engine is greater than the ideal efficiency. This violates the second law. The answer is B

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

The principle stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

A local engineering professors acts as technical advisor for the city council in a town. A few weeks before the council is scheduled to award a large construction contract, the professor is approached by one of the competing companies and offered a consulting position. Under what circumstances would it be ethical to accept the job? A) Both the company and the council must know about and approve of arrangement. B) The professor should arrange not begin work until after the council's vote. C) The professor may accept the job if the advisory position to the council is on a volunteer basis. D) The professor must not participate in any discussion concerning the project for which the company is competing.

The professor's association with the company is bound to influence his advice to the board, even if the job doesn't start until later. The engineered is obligated to withdraw from any of the council's is obligated to withdraw from any of the council's discussion concerning the project. The answer is D.

To whom/ what is a registered engineer's foremost responsibility? A) client B) employer C) state and federal laws D) public welfare

The purpose of engineering registration is to protect the public. This includes protection from harm due to conduct as well as competence. No individual or organization may legitimately direct a registered engineer to harm the public. The answer is D

The ideal rate of heat transfer through a section of an uniform wall is A) directly proportional to the overall coefficients of heat transfer and directly proportional the thickness of the wall. B) inversely proportional to the overall coefficients of heat transfer and directly proportional the thickness of the wall. C) directly proportional to the overall coefficients of heat transfer and indirectly proportional the thickness of the wall. D) inversely proportional to the overall coefficients of heat transfer and to the thickness of the wall.

The rate of heat transfer, Q, is directly proportional to the overall coefficient of heat transfer, U, and inversely proportional to the thickness of the wall, L The answer is C

The mechanical load to a DC motor is increased in a brief time from 100% to 102% of rated capacity. When the motor is at 102% of rated capacity it will A )stall B) be destroyed C) operate at rated torque D) operate at a higher torque than rated torque

The rated value for mechanical load can be exceeded by a small percentage for a brief time without stalling or damage to the motor. The rated value is established to keep the operation of the motor linear and to avoid excessive heating. During the time the motor is loaded to 102% of the rated capacity, it will produce approximately 102% of the rated torque. The answer is D

The National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying Model Rules contains guidelines for licensees' rules of professional conduct. This outlines a licensees' obligation to which of the following entities? I. Society II. Employer and clients III. Licensing board IV. Other Licensees A) I and II only B) I and IV only C) I , II and IV D) I, II, III, and IV

The rule of the professional conduct as described by NCEES model rules includes a section on a licensee's obligation to society, employer and clients, and other licensees. The model rules do not elaborate a licensees obligation to the licensing board. The answer is C

A circular shaft subjected to pure torsion will display which of the following? A)constant shear stress throughout the shaft B) maximum shear stress at the center of the shaft C) no shear stress throughout the shaft D) maximum shear stress at the outer fibers

The shear stress increases from the center of a circular shaft to the outermost fiber, where the maximum shear stress is experienced. The answer is D

For a simply supported beam, here does the maximum shear stress occur? A) at the section of maximum moment B) at the top fibers C) at the bottom fibers D) at the supports

The shear stress is maximum where the shear is maximum. For a simply supported beam, the maximum shear is usually at the supports. Within the cross-section of a beam, the maximum shear stress is at the neutral axis, not at the extreme fibers. The answer is D

Which of the following material properties cannot be determined directly from a standard tensile test? A) modulus of elasticity B) yield strength C) ultimate strength D) hardness

The standard tensile test can determine the modulus of elasticity, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility. Poisson's ratio can be determined from the lateral and axial strains. Although correlations between surface hardness and ultimate strength have been developed, hardness cannot be measured directly. The answer is D.

A steel rod is stressed in tension slightly beyond its yield point so that it suffers permanent deformation without rupture. The rod is then unloaded so that there is no residual stress. If the rod is again stressed in tension, which of the following statements is true? A) The yield point is unchanged B) The ductility of the steel is increased C) The ultimate strength is decreased D) A new yield point is established, which is higher than the original one.

The stress-strain curve for the steel rod is shown in the figure. The rod id loaded first past the yield point, point A, to point B. The rod is then unloaded to point C. When tension is again applied, point B is the new yield point. The answer is D

What is t-test (based on student's t-distribution) useful for? (a) testing for distribution of outcomes to see if they come from a normal distribution (b) determining if the functional is symmetric about zero (c) comparing values about the mean (d) determining if the differences between sample means is significant

The t-test is used to determine if the differences between sample are significant or merely the result of random variations. The answer is D

Steam at 2.0 kPa is saturated at 17.5° C. In what state will the steam be at 40° C if the pressure is 2.0 kPa? A) superheated B) subcooled C) saturated D) supersaturated

The temperature of steam is higher than the saturation temperature for 2.0 kPa pressure. Therefore, the steam is superheated. The answer is A

The term "divalent" means A) an ion's oxidation number is +2 B) an ion's oxidation number is -2 C) an ion's oxidation number can be +2 or -2 D) the ion can have two different oxidation numbers

The term "divalent" and "bivalent" mean the same thing: a valence of 2. The answer is C.

What does the triple point on a pressure-temperature diagram indicate? A)the point at which a solid can be converted to a vapor without passing through the liquid phase B) the point at which three phases can coexist C) the point above which different phases are indistinguishable D) the point at which a liquid is vaporized by the addition of heat

The triple point of a substance is a unique state at which solid, liquid, and gaseous phases can coexist. The answer is B

Kinematic viscosity can be expressed in which of the following units? A) m^2/s B) s^2/m C) kgs^2/m D) kg/s

The units of kinematic viscosity are m^2/s (SI) or ft^2/sec. The answer is A

Which of the following elements does not exist as a diatomic molecule under normal (ambient) conditions? A) oxygen B) chlorine C) sulfur D) iodine

There are seven common elements that exist as diatomic molecules under normal conditions. They are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine. The answer is C

An engineer working for a big design firm has decided to start a consulting business, but it will be a few months before she leaves. How should she handle the impending change? A) B) C) D)

There is nothing wrong with wanting to go into business for oneself. The ethical violation occurs when one of the parties does not know what is going on. Even if the engineer acts ethically, takes nothing, and talks to no one about her plans, there will still be the appearance of impropriety if she later leaves. The engineer should discuss her plans with her current employer. That way, there will be minimal disruption to the firm's activities. The engineer shouldn't quit unless her employer demands it. ( Those pencils, pens, and pads of paper shouldn't have been brought home in the first place.) The answer is A

For which of the following situations is the net force acting on a particle necessarily equal to zero? a) The particle is traveling at constant velocity around a circle b) The particle has constant linear momentum c) The particle has constant kinetic energy d) The particle has constant angular momentum

This is a restatement of Newton's first law of motion, which says that if the resultant external force acting on a particle is zero, then the linear momentum if the particle is constant. The answer is B

How many atoms are in the simple hexagonal structure shown? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 6

This is a simple hexagonal unit cell, not a hexagonal close-packed the cell. The two center end atoms are each shared by unit cells. The corner atoms are each shared by six unit cells. # of atoms/unit of cell= 2atoms/2cell + 12atoms/6cells = 1+2=3

What does it mean when a design professional accepts a punishment for an unethical act from his technical society " with prejudice?" A) The professional's race, creed, and national origin were considered in deciding on the punishment. B) The professional's race, creed, and national origin were not considered in deciding on the punishment. C) Even after the sentence is served or punishment is completed, there may be further actions taken. D) The design professional is held in bad report for the period of prejudice

When a punishment is meted out " with prejudice," there may still be further ramifications. For example, a professional whose membership is revoked with prejudice may need to have a future hearing in order to rejoin the society at a future date. The answer is C.

Corrosion of iron can be inclined with more electropositive coating, while a less electropositive coating tends to accelerate corrosion. which of the following coatings will contribute to the corrosion of iron products? A) zinc B) gold C) aluminum D) magnesium

Zinc, Aluminum, and magnesium are all more electropositive (anodic). than iron and will corrode sacrificially to protect it. Gold is more cathodic and will be protected at the expense of the iron. The answer is B.

Complete the sentence: " If you check the calculations for a licensed (registered) friend who has gone into consulting engineering business for himself/herself, A) you should be paid for your work." B) your friend's client should be told of your involvement." C) you do not need to licensed or registered yourself." D) your friend assumes all the liability for your work."

Whether you are paid or not is between you and your friend. Both you and your friend need to be licensed, and both of you can be held liable for the work. The client has a right to know who worked on the design, and your friend has an ethical obligation to notify the client. The answer is B.

During routine inspections, a field engineer discovers that one of the company's pipelines is leaking hazardous chemicals into the environment. The engineer recommends that the line be shut down so that seals can be replaced and the pipe can be inspected more closely. His supervisor commends him on his thoroughness, and says the report will be passed on to the company's maintenance division. The engineer moves on to his next job, assuming things will be taken care of in a timely manner. While working in the area again several months later, the engineer notices the problem hasn't been corrected and is, in fact, getting worse. What should the engineer do? A) Give the matter some more time. In a large corporate environment, it is understandable that some things take longer than people would like them to B) Ask the supervisor to investigate what actions has been taken on the matter C) Personally speak to the director of maintenance and insist that this project be given high priority D) Report the company to the EPA for allowing the situation to worsen without taking any preventative measures

While it is true that corporate bureaucracy tends to slow things down, several months is too lengthy a period for an environmental issue. On the other hand, it is by no means clear that the company is ignoring the situation. There could have been some action taken that the engineer is unaware of, or extenuating circumstances that are delaying the repair. To go outside the company or even over the head of the supervisor would be premature without more information. The engineer should ask his supervisor to look into the issue, and should only take further measures if he is dissatisfied with the response. The answer is B

An engineering firm is hired by a state agency to supervise the construction of a large wastewater treatment plant. The design of the plant is prepared by the state agency. A clause in the contract states that any money saved as a result of design improvements suggested by the contractor shall be split evenly between the state and contractor. Knowing that they are familiar with the plans, the contractor wants to hire the engineering firm performing the inspection services to review the plans for improvements. Should the engineering firm accept this employment? A) Yes, without hesitation. It is a win-win-win situation; the engineering firm makes money, the contractor makes money and the state makes money. Furthermore, the design is ultimately improved. B) Yes, as long as the contractor and the state evenly split the engineering fees. C) No, accepting work from the contractor while acting as a representative of the owner would be a conflict of interest. D) No, money should be paid to the contractor only for original ideas. It is unethical for any engineering firm to assist the contractor in devising improvements.

Working for both the owner and the contractor would be considered a conflict of interest. The answer is C

What is the ratio of stress to strain below the proportional limit called? A) the modulus of rigidity B) Hooke's constant C) Poisson ratio D) Young's modulus

Young's modulus is defined by Hooke's law. p=Ee E is young's modulus, or the modulus of elasticity, equal to the stress divided by strain within the proportional region of the stress-strain curve. The answer is D.

Zinc galvanizing is used to protect a steel (iron) fence. Which of the following statements is true? A) The zinc atom has a greater tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions than the iron atom B) The zinc atom has a greater tendency to lose electrons and form negative ions then the iron atom C) The zinc atom has a greater tendency to gain electrons and form ions than the iron atom. D) Zinc is lower than iron in the galvanic series.

Zinc has a higher standard oxidation potential than iron in the galvanic series, indicating that is as a greater tendency than iron to lose electrons and form positive ions. The zinc will corrode more than the iron. The answer is A.

Define enthalpy

a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume.

Define entropy

a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system

What is the third law of thermodynamics?

absolute zero cannot be reached

Define isothermic

isothermic during which the temperature remains constant

What is the coefficient of friction?

the ratio of the force of friction to the normal force acting between two objects

Since truss members are axial members, the forces on the truss joint are (1) forces.

1) concurrent

A (1) is a category of force systems wherein all of the forces act at the same point.

1) Concurrent force system

The SI system uses (1) for mass and (2) for weight (force).

1) Kilograms 2) Newtons

Which of the following does a catalyst change? A) The concentration of product at equilibrium B) The equilibrium constant of a reaction C) The heat of reaction of a reaction D) The activation energy of reaction

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed in the reaction. A catalyst lowers the activation energy. The energy at equilibrium is not affected by the catalyst, so the concentration of product and the equilibrium constant are unchanged. The answer is D

When a deliquescent substance is exposed to the air, it? A) oxidizes B) crystallizes C) loses water of hydration D) becomes moist

A deliquescent substance melts or dissolves by absorbing moisture from the air. The answer is D

What is a moment?

A force to rotate, turn, or twist a rigid body a pivot point. Also called torque and are vectors.

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? A) strawberry milkshake B) curing concrete C) sodium chloride D) seawater

A mixture of components consists of two or more materials that have been combined mechanically. In a homogeneous mixture, all components are well dispersed among the others. This describes a milkshake, which consists of water, milk solids, syrup, and strawberries blended together. Concrete is also a mechanical mixture, but its components can be seen by the naked eye and may separate by density. The components of sodium chloride and seawater are combined chemically, not mechanically.

What is the term for quantity of a substance to which a chemical formula can be assigned and whose mass is equal to its formula weight? A) a molecule B) a mole C) an equivalent weight D) a one-normal solution

A mole of an element will have a mass equal to the element's molecular weight. The molecular weight is generally the same as the formula weight. The answer is B.

Which type of load is not resisted by a pinned joint? a) moment b) shear c) axial d) compression

A pinned support will transmit or support all forces but not the moment therefore the answer is A

What is a zero force member?

A truss member that theoretically carries no direct load and whose omission would not alter the stability of the truss configuration

As a professional engineer originally licensed 30 years ago, you are asked to evaluate a newly developed computerized control system for a public transportation system. You may accept this project if: A. you are competent in the area of modern control systems B. you do not live in the jurisdiction where the transportation system is being installed C. your original area of specialization was in transportation systems D. you have regularly attended meetings of a professional engineering society

A. you are competent in the area of modern control systems

Which of the following is the strongest type of bond? A) Van Der Waals B) ionic C) covalent D) metallic

Convalent bonding is much stronger than ionic bonding. Electrons are easily displayed in metals by small voltages. Van Der Waals forces in gases are so small as to be essentially negligible at normal temperature. The answer is C

Which metals form crystals in a hexagonal close-packed structure? I. magnesium II. zinc III. titanium IV. iron A) I only B) I and II C) I and III D) I, II, and III

Hexagonal close-packed is the crystalline structure for magnesium, titanium, and zinc. Alpha- and delta have a BCC structure, and gamma-iron has an FCC structure. The answer is D.

Which of the following statements is true for a power series with the general term aix^i? I. An infinite power series converges to for x<1 II. Power series can be added together or subtracted within their interval of convergence. III. Power series can be integrated within their interval of convergence (a) I only (b) II only (c) I and II (d) II and III

Power series can be added together, subtracted from each other, differentiated, and integrated within their interval of convergence. The interval of convergence is -1 < x <1. Therefore the answer is D

Which of the following statements concerning buoyancy are false? I. Buoyancy is the tendency of a fluid to exert a supporting force on a body placed in that fluid. II. Buoyancy is the ability of a body to return to its original position after being tilted on its horizontal axis. III. The buoyant force is measured by multiplying the specific weight of the object by the displaced volume of the fluid. IV. Buoyant forces occur both when an object floats in a fluid and when an object sinks in a fluid. V. The buoyant force acts vertically upward through the centroid of the displaced volume. A) I, II, and III B) III, IV, and V C) I and V D) II and III

Statement II and III are false. II describes stability not buoyancy. The buoyant force is determined by multiplying the specific weight of the fluid by the displaced volume of the fluid. The answer is D

What does the Charpy test determine? A) endurance B) yield strength C) ductility D) toughness

The Charpy test is an impact test to measure the toughness of the material- localized and rapidly applied stress. The answer is D.

Which dimensionless number represents the ratio of inertia forces to gravitational forces? A) Reynolds number B) Froude number C) Grashof number D) Weber number

The Froude number is the ratio of inertia forces to gravitational forces Fr=v^2/gL The answer is B

What is a kip?

The abbreviation "kip" is used for "kilo-pound": 1000 pounds of force

The activity of decay particles of a radioactive isotope depends on? A) temperature B) pressure C) density D) mass

The activity is the number of frequency of decay (i.e the number of particles decaying per unit time) Activity is independent of temperature, pressure, and density, but it is proportional to the amount of isotope remaining. The answer is D

What is a distinguishing characteristic of the halogens? A) They are phosphorescent B) Next to the noble gases, they are the most chemically inactive group. C) They readily accept an electron from another atom to form compounds D) They have a high electrical conductivity

The halogens need one electron to complete an electron shell. They readily accept this electron from other atoms to form compounds. The answer is C

Which of the following does not affect the rise or fall of liquid in a small-diameter capillary tube? A) adhesive forces B) cohesive forces C) surface tension D) viscosity of the fluid

The height of capillary rise is determined from h=4RcosB/Yd R= the surface tension of the fluid d= diameter of the tube B= angle of contact Y= specific weight The viscosity of the fluid is not directly relevant to the height of capillary

Which of the following is false for an identity matrix, I? (a) I is a square matrix (b) All entries in I are zero, except the entries whose row and column numbers are equal (c) all nonzero entries are equal to 1. (d) AI=A^-1

The main property of an identity matrix is that AI=A. Therefore, choice (d) is false

The acoustic velocity in a specific gas depends only on which of the following variables? A) cp, the specific heat at constant pressure B) k, the ratio of specific heats C) cv, specific heat at constant temperature D) T, absolute temperature

c=square root(kRT) k=cp/cv R,k,cp, and cv are properties of the gas. Only T can vary independently. The answer is D