Federal Govt: Exam 1
Select all that apply Which of the following are reasons why the policy role of the federal government has expanded greatly since the early twentieth century? -Americans trust the federal government more than they trust their state and local governments. -Americans expect government help. -The federal government has superior taxing capacity. -American society is highly interdependent.
-Americans expect government help. -The federal government has superior taxing capacity. -American society is highly interdependent.
Which of the following statements are true about American ideals and government? (Select all that apply.) -Americans generally believe that government power should be widely shared. -Americans believe that their government should have a high purpose. -Throughout U.S. history, the ideals of liberty and equality have been upheld for all Americans. -American ideals are pessimistic.
-Americans generally believe that government power should be widely shared. -Americans believe that their government should have a high purpose.
Which of the following statements are true about the motivations for creating American democracy? (Select all that apply.) -The American Revolution sought to create a similar form of society as that of England. -Colonists, following Enlightenment ideas, wanted to overturn the European way of governing. -The American Revolution sought to create a radically different form of society. -The idea of individual potential could be achieved more easily in the New World than in the Old World.
-Colonists, following Enlightenment ideas, wanted to overturn the European way of governing. -The American Revolution sought to create a radically different form of society. -The idea of individual potential could be achieved more easily in the New World than in the Old World.
Which of the following statements describe the terms democracy and republic as understood by the framers of the Constitution? (Select all that apply) -In a democracy the power of the majority is unlimited. -The government of a republic responds to the needs of the majority while protecting the minority. -Democracy and republic are interchangeable terms. -The separation of powers is a characteristic of republican government.
-In a democracy the power of the majority is unlimited. -The government of a republic responds to the needs of the majority while protecting the minority. -The separation of powers is a characteristic of republican government.
Which of the following correctly describes political culture? (Select all that apply.) -It helps define citizens' relationships to each other. -It helps define the relationship between citizens and their government. -It is derived from the country's traditions. -Only western countries have a recognizable political culture.
-It helps define citizens' relationships to each other. -It helps define the relationship between citizens and their government. -It is derived from the country's traditions.
Which of the following were features of the Virginia Plan for national government? (Select all that apply.) -It would include a bicameral legislature. -States would control defense and interstate trade. -The upper house would elect the lower house. -States with the largest populations would have the most representatives.
-It would include a bicameral legislature. -States with the largest populations would have the most representatives.
Select all that apply Who among the following were the authors of The Federalist Papers, which argued for ratifying the Constitution? (Select all that apply) -George Washington -John Quincy Adams -James Madison -Alexander Hamilton
-James Madison -Alexander Hamilton
Select all that apply In which two legal cases did the Supreme Court rule on the authority of federal and state governments to regulate business practices? -Lochner v. New York -Brown v. United States -Hammer v. Dagenhart -Plessy v. Ferguson
-Lochner v. New York -Hammer v. Dagenhart
Which of the following are true of party polarization? (Select all that apply.) -Partisanship today is very different than it was through most of the nation's history. -Partisan fights have become prolonged and bitter. -Partisanship has increased dramatically over the past few decades. -Partisan divisions have surfaced on nearly every issue.
-Partisan fights have become prolonged and bitter. -Partisanship has increased dramatically over the past few decades. -Partisan divisions have surfaced on nearly every issue.
Select all that apply In the framers' view, a republican government does which of the following? (Select all that apply.) -Prevents tyranny of the majority -Gives absolute authority to the majority -Adds constraints that protect the rights of individuals -Reduces the likelihood of reckless, hasty actions
-Prevents tyranny of the majority -Adds constraints that protect the rights of individuals -Reduces the likelihood of reckless, hasty actions
Select all that apply Which of the following were primary goals of the welfare reform bill called the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, passed by Congress in 1996? -Reduce federal spending on welfare. -Reduce the number of welfare recipients. -Increase the states' discretion in administering welfare programs. -Increase assistance for the children of welfare recipients. -Diversify the types of benefits offered to recipients.
-Reduce federal spending on welfare. -Reduce the number of welfare recipients. -Increase the states' discretion in administering welfare programs. -Increase assistance for the children of welfare recipients.
Which of the following statements are true of economic power in the United States? (Select all that apply.) -Business firms are prohibited from making political contributions that might influence government officials. -Roughly two-thirds of all lobbyists in the nation's capital represent business firms. -Firms have greater control over wages and working conditions than in other Western democracies. -Corporate power operates in part through the influence that firms have with government officials.
-Roughly two-thirds of all lobbyists in the nation's capital represent business firms. -Firms have greater control over wages and working conditions than in other Western democracies. -Corporate power operates in part through the influence that firms have with government officials.
Which of the following statements about Shays' Rebellion are correct? (Select all that apply) -The rebellion was carried out by a militia armed with muskets. -Shays' followers were a large group of farmers. -The primary purpose of the rebellion was to prevent land foreclosures. -The rebellion was led by a former captain in the American army.
-Shays' followers were a large group of farmers. -The primary purpose of the rebellion was to prevent land foreclosures. -The rebellion was led by a former captain in the American army.
Identify the events that led to creation of the U.S. Constitution. (Select all that apply.) -After the Annapolis Convention, delegates wanted to revise the Articles of Confederation because the national government was too powerful. -Shays' rebellion had shown the weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation. -Madison and Hamilton encouraged delegates at the Annapolis Convention to meet again to revise the Articles of Confederation. -The Annapolis Convention did not have enough participants to revise the Articles of Confederation.
-Shays' rebellion had shown the weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation. -Madison and Hamilton encouraged delegates at the Annapolis Convention to meet again to revise the Articles of Confederation. -The Annapolis Convention did not have enough participants to revise the Articles of Confederation.
Which of the following accurately describe higher education in the U.S.? (Select all that apply.) -Every American youth has a realistic chance of attending college or university. -The U.S. ranks second only to Canada in the number of people over 25 with a college degree. -U.S. states with the lowest proportion of college grads have more residents with a bachelor's degree than the typical European country. -The U.S. has the most elaborate system of higher education in the world.
-The U.S. ranks second only to Canada in the number of people over 25 with a college degree. -U.S. states with the lowest proportion of college grads have more residents with a bachelor's degree than the typical European country. -The U.S. has the most elaborate system of higher education in the world.
Which of the following are reasons that the system of government of the United States is in some ways seen as more democratic than those of many European countries? (Select all that apply) -The U.S. system has a stronger link between the electoral majority and the governing majority. -The divided branches of government in the U.S. system increase majority control. -The U.S. system uses primary elections to select party nominees for office. -The U.S. system elects representatives to its larger legislative chamber more frequently.
-The U.S. system uses primary elections to select party nominees for office. -The U.S. system elects representatives to its larger legislative chamber more frequently.
What were some of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? (Select all that apply) -The Articles placed a tax on all imported goods. -The legislature was bicameral, meaning power was shared among two houses. -The national government depended on the states for its funding, and they often didn't pay their full share. -The national government did not have the power to regulate commerce between the states.
-The national government depended on the states for its funding, and they often didn't pay their full share. -The national government did not have the power to regulate commerce between the states.
Select all that apply What did the Supreme Court decide in McCulloch v. Maryland? -Congress cannot establish a national bank because that falls outside its enumerated powers. -The national bank is within Congress's power to create, but Maryland has the power to tax it. -The necessary and proper clause implies the power to establish a national bank. -National law overrides state law.
-The necessary and proper clause implies the power to establish a national bank. -National law overrides state law.
If citizens do not develop the habit of critical thinking, what may result? (Select all that apply.) -They may invent odd versions of reality. -They may engage in wishful thinking. -They will be blameless for bad decisions based on bad information. -Their choices may not result in the outcome they expect.
-They may invent odd versions of reality. -They may engage in wishful thinking. -Their choices may not result in the outcome they expect.
Which of the following were periods with high levels of bipartisanship in American history? (Select all that apply.) -World War II -the Civil War -George Washington's first years as president -World War I
-World War II -George Washington's first years as president -World War I
Select all that apply Chief Justice John Marshall is best described as a(n) -supporter of states' rights. -activist. -originalist. -nationalist.
-activist. -nationalist.
The New Jersey Plan ______. (Select all that apply.) -was a radical departure from the Articles of Confederation. -called for a unicameral legislature. -designated that all states would have an equal vote in the legislature. -favored the large states.
-called for a unicameral legislature. -designated that all states would have an equal vote in the legislature.
Which of the following were placed in the United States Constitution in order to prevent majority tyranny? (Select all that apply) -supremacy clause -checks and balances -separation of powers -a bill of rights
-checks and balances -separation of powers -a bill of rights
Politics are necessary because (Select all that apply) -people in a country all share the same thoughts. -conflict in a society is inevitable. -society's resources are limited. -people do not all think alike.
-conflict in a society is inevitable. -society's resources are limited. -people do not all think alike.
The U.S. system of government created by the founders in 1787 can be described as which of the following? (Select all that apply.) -populist -authoritarian -constitutional -republican
-constitutional -republican
The U.S. Constitution placed limitations on popular rule in which of the following ways? (Select all that apply.) -limiting the right to vote to only natural-born citizens of European descent -having U.S. senators elected by the House of Representatives -having the president nominate federal judges -having U.S. senators elected by state legislatures -having the president elected by the Electoral College
-having the president nominate federal judges -having U.S. senators elected by state legislatures -having the president elected by the Electoral College
What tax policies did the South fear as the negotiations began that eventually resulted in the Three-Fifths Compromise? (Select all that apply) -heavy taxes on agricultural goods exported from the U.S. -heavy taxes on manufactured goods imported from Europe -heavy taxes on manufactured goods exported from the U.S. -a tax of any kind on the importation of slaves
-heavy taxes on agricultural goods exported from the U.S. -heavy taxes on manufactured goods imported from Europe -a tax of any kind on the importation of slaves
Select all that apply After the Plessy decision, black Americans in the South were forced to endure legal segregation, which included -hospitals with few doctors and fewer supplies. -inferior public schools. -separate public conveyances. -inferior churches.
-hospitals with few doctors and fewer supplies. -inferior public schools. -separate public conveyances.
Select all that apply Under the U.S. Constitution, which of the following sets of powers are associated with the federal government rather than state governments? (Select all that apply) -implied -reserved -enumerated
-implied -enumerated
Elements of constitutionalism include (Select all that apply) -lawful restrictions of governmental power. -immunity from prosecution for elected officials. -the protection of individual rights. -officials being required to follow the laws.
-lawful restrictions of governmental power. -the protection of individual rights. -officials being required to follow the laws.
Which of the following entities are in a competitive situation regarding taxation? (Select all that apply.) -localities -nations -states
-localities -states
Select all that apply In the U.S. federal system, which of the following is/are the national government's responsibility? (Select all that apply) -public education -fire protection -military defense -currency regulation
-military defense -currency regulation
Under an authoritarian government, (Select all that apply) -opposition leaders are sometimes brutalized or imprisoned. -the regime is usually backed by the military or police. -the media is encouraged to freely report what they wish. -political opposition is openly repressed.
-opposition leaders are sometimes brutalized or imprisoned. -the regime is usually backed by the military or police. -political opposition is openly repressed.
Select all that apply Which of the following would have fought against uncontrolled business power in the era just before the Great Depression? -progressive Republicans -Republicans -Democrats
-progressive Republicans -Democrats
Critical thinking should involve which of the following? (Select all that apply.) -excluding alternative points of view -putting aside one's own values and interests -putting forth considerable effort -evaluating information carefully
-putting forth considerable effort -evaluating information carefully
Which of the following are constitutional grants of power to the national government? (Select all that apply) -establishing a system of public schools -taxation -raising an army -declaring war against another nation
-taxation -raising an army -declaring war against another nation
Select all that apply Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government lacked which of the following powers? (Select all that apply) -the power to draft an army or navy -the power to regulate interstate commerce -the power to declare war -the power to coin and borrow money
-the power to draft an army or navy -the power to regulate interstate commerce
In the democratic system of the United States, which of the following are bestowed with legal authority to exercise power? (Select all that apply) -the president -judges -interest groups -members of Congress
-the president -judges -members of Congress
Select all that apply During the debate over ratification of the Constitution, what objections did the Anti-Federalists raise? (Select all that apply) -the lack of centralized government -too much power being taken from the states and given to the national government -the failure of the Constitution to grant taxing power to the national government -the absence of a Bill of Rights
-too much power being taken from the states and given to the national government -the absence of a Bill of Rights
Select all that apply Article I, Section 10, of the Constitution prohibits the states from which of the following actions? (Select all that apply) -waging war -establishing systems of public education -making treaties with other nations -raising armies -printing money
-waging war -making treaties with other nations -raising armies -printing money
When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932, there were more than _____ million workers who were employed by industry, compared to only 1 million in 1860. -15 -5 -10 -1
10
The First National Bank of the United States was established in what year? -1791 -1803 -1776 -1971
1791
Public support for federal domestic spending declined after the -1960s. -1950s. -1989s. -1970s.
1960s.
In what year was discrimination against Chinese, Japanese, and other Asian immigrants finally removed from U.S. immigration law? -1950 -1882 -1923 -1965
1965
A U.S. representative (member of the House) has a term of service of -6 years. -4 years. -8 years. -2 years.
2 years.
Slavery in America lasted for ______ years. -250 -100 -200 -150
250
Delegates to the constitutional convention decided that the Constitution would take effect for ratifying states when ______ of the 13 states approved it.
9
Which of the following are among the false beliefs that roughly 50 percent or more of Americans believed were actually true in recent years? -Social Security will go broke in my lifetime. -Crime has gone up in the past decade. -All of the answers are correct. -China owns more than half of US debt.
All of the answers are correct.
What best describes the ways in which our media system has presented obstacles to critical thinking in recent history? -Media consumers fail to question media sources. -Some sources invent information that suits their purpose. -All the answers are correct. -Some sources purposely hide contradictory information.
All the answers are correct.
The text suggests that Americans tend especially toward selective memory and recasting history because -American history is so uniquely gruesome. -Americans are particularly religious, generally speaking. -Americans' beliefs are so idealistic. -Americans have made strides toward equality.
Americans' beliefs are so idealistic.
Which document served as the first constitution of the United States? -Declaration of Independence -Articles of Confederation -Magna Carta -the Constitution
Articles of Confederation
According to the Virginia Plan, who or what would exercise power in all areas "in which the separate states are incompetent"? -a gubernatorial convention -the president -Congress -the Supreme Court
Congress
The Constitution's commerce clause says that ______ shall have the power to "regulate commerce" among the states. -Congress -the Supreme Court -the states -the President
Congress
One way to propose an amendment to the Constitution is to have -Congress pass it by at least a two-thirds majority in the House and Senate. -the U.S. Supreme Court first certify its constitutionality. -U.S. citizens vote for its ratification. -the president not veto it.
Congress pass it by at least a two-thirds majority in the House and Senate.
In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court ruled that -Congress's commerce power included all aspects of trade between states. -Congress could not encroach upon a state's ability to regulate commerce within its borders. -Congress's ability to regulate commerce did not include the transportation of goods. -the power over commerce is equally vested in the states and Congress.
Congress's commerce power included all aspects of trade between states.
Prior to the Great Depression, the ______ Party supported greater regulation of business and more rights for labor, while the ______ Party was ideologically committed to free markets and smaller government. -Democratic; Progressive -Republican; Democratic -Democratic; Republican -Democratic; Whig
Democratic; Republican
On what point concerning separation of powers did the framers disagree with Montesquieu? -The legislature should have all legislative power. -The president should have all executive power. -Dividing government's authority along institutional lines would provide sufficient separation of power. -The courts should have all judicial power.
Dividing government's authority along institutional lines would provide sufficient separation of power.
What is the true test of an opinion? -Does it seem solid? -Does it have supporting evidence? -Does it hold up when judged against other views? -Does it accurately represent your views?
Does it hold up when judged against other views?
True or false: Block grants are more restrictive than categorical grants in how they can be used.
False
True or false: It is more dangerous for an electorate to be uninformed than misinformed.
False
True or false: The Virginia Plan favored the states with smaller populations.
False
Which federal agency, created in the 1930s, prevented the total collapse of the American banking industry? -Federal Deposit Insurance Agency (FDIC) -Better Business Bureau (BBB) -Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) -Federal Exchange Commission (FEC)
Federal Deposit Insurance Agency (FDIC)
Which series of essays did James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay write in support of the Constitution? -Anti-Federalist Papers -Freedom Journal -Federalist Papers -Democracy Papers
Federalist Papers
Which of the following statements about political institutions and interests in the United States is true? -The executive branch of the government wields almost all the power in the United States. -Few nations have as many competing interests and institutions as the United States. -Corporate leaders have little power in the United States compared to other countries. -Most nations have more competing interests and institutions than the United States.
Few nations have as many competing interests and institutions as the United States.
Which amendment of the Constitution was at the center of the famous Supreme Court case, Plessy v. Ferguson? -Thirteenth Amendment -Fifth Amendment -Fifteenth Amendment -Fourteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
Which of the following is a core value of American political ideology? -Government is unnecessary. -People should serve the government. -Society is best served by an absolute government. -Government should serve the people.
Government should serve the people.
The plan that accommodated both large and small states by creating a two-chamber Congress was known as the -Three-Fifths Compromise. -New Jersey Plan. -Virginia Plan. -Great Compromise.
Great Compromise
Americans supported government-provided health care for the elderly and poor.
Great Society programs
How did Jefferson propose to put his vision of a popular government into practice? -by increasing the checks on the executive -by increasing the checks on the judiciary -He had no clear idea about how to accomplish this. -by increasing the checks on the legislature
He had no clear idea about how to accomplish this.
How did George III react to the demands put forth by the First Continental Congress? -He instructed the governor to attempt to negotiate with the colonists. -He sent a delegation to Philidelphia. -He rejected them outright. -He immediately doubled the number of troops to be sent to the colonies.
He rejected them outright.
_____________ is a commitment to personal initiative and self-sufficiency. -Liberty -Equality -Individualism -Solidarity
Individualism
The Republican-controlled Congress removed what provision of the Affordable Care Act in 2017? -Individuals could not choose their own health care providers. -Individuals were required to pay a penalty if they did not have insurance. -States would control everything to do with health insurance.
Individuals were required to pay a penalty if they did not have insurance.
Why is the necessary and proper clause called the elastic clause? -It allows for adjustments to the national government's implied powers. -It can be used in times of crisis if Congress must override the Constitution's enumerated powers. -It allows the Supreme Court to make implications about the framers' intent. -It can be interpreted to include increased implied powers for state governments.
It allows for adjustments to the national government's implied powers.
What did the Supreme Court rule concerning the interstate commerce clause in the 1930s? -It covers both the transportation and the manufacture of goods. -It covers only transportation of goods, not their manufacture. -It covers only the manufacture of goods, not their transportation.
It covers only transportation of goods, not their manufacture.
Why were the Anti-Federalists concerned about passage of the "necessary and proper" clause? -It provided a constitutional basis for limiting federal power. -It provided a constitutional basis for expanding federal power. -They felt it would put too much authority in the hands of state governments. -They feared it would create a weak national government.
It provided a constitutional basis for expanding federal power.
Which of the following people is acting in a way that promotes critical thinking? -Tia listens to talk radio in her car to and from work and bases most of her political opinions on the information found there. -Shida refuses to watch Fox News or listen to conservative talk radio because he knows that he will likely disagree with anything he hears. -Jamal is a liberal but his best friend is conservative. The two often compare sources before forming opinions on political issues. -Joao exclusively focuses on The New York Times and The Washington Post for the news upon which he bases his political opinions.
Jamal is a liberal but his best friend is conservative. The two often compare sources before forming opinions on political issues.
What was the doctrine of nullification? -John C. Calhoun's argument that a state has the constitutional right to invalidate a national law -President Andrew Jackson's argument that Congress had the authority to take military action against South Carolina -Chief Justice Roger Taney's argument that slaves were not citizens and had no right to seek judicial redress -Chief Justice John Marshall's argument that national authority could usurp state authority
John C. Calhoun's argument that a state has the constitutional right to invalidate a national law
Which of the following statements best describes politicians' "slanting" of the facts? -It is primarily a third-party candidate practice. -It is primarily a Republican Party practice. -It is primarily a Democratic Party practice. -Leaders of both parties have done this.
Leaders of both parties have done this.
In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court block states from regulating labor practices, concluding that doing so would violate factory owners' property rights? -Plessy v. Ferguson -McCulloch v. Maryland -Lochner v. New York -Hammer v. Dagenhart
Lochner v. New York
As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Supreme Court invalidated which of the following? -Appomattox Treaty -Missouri Compromise -Louisiana Purchase -Treaty of Versailles
Missouri Compromise
The concept of separation of powers was proposed by -Locke. -Voltaire. -Montesquieu. -Descartes.
Montesquieu.
Which of the following statements about federalism is accurate? -The national government can abolish state governments. -Neither the national nor state governments has the right to abolish the other. -State governments can abolish the national government.
Neither the national nor state governments has the right to abolish the other.
The government responded to massive unemployment during the Great Depression.
New Deal programs
The Supreme Court had been handing down rulings against New Deal programs by 1937, and President Roosevelt put forth a plan to increase the number of justices in order to give himself a majority. How was this plan resolved? -One justice inexplicably changed sides, giving Roosevelt the majority he wanted. -The number of justices was increased to ten. -Congress refused to do so. -Two justices died, giving Roosevelt the power to appoint two new ones.
One justice inexplicably changed sides, giving Roosevelt the majority he wanted.
When the states drafted new constitutions after the start of the Revolutionary War, ______ did not have separation of powers. Its negative experience, in which the all-powerful legislature ignored basic rights and freedoms, proved the necessity of separation. -New York -Delaware -Maryland -Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The text describes one compromise as crucial to convince small states to support what became known as the Great Compromise. What was it? -Representation in the House would be based upon population. -Representation in the Senate would be equal for all states. -Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person. -Only the executive could appoint Supreme Court justices.
Representation in the Senate would be equal for all states.
The president who began to move power, funds, and responsibility back to the states in what was called new federalism was -Jimmy Carter. -Bill Clinton. -George W. Bush. -Ronald Reagan.
Ronald Reagan.
The ratification of what constitutional amendment made the direct election of senators, a cause long supported by Progressives, the law of the land? -Seventeenth -Sixteenth -Eighteenth -Fifteenth
Seventeenth
States' reserved powers are provided through the ______ Amendment. -Third -Tenth -Eighth -Ninth
Tenth
Which of the following best describes the doctrine of dual federalism? -The national government used grants-in-aid to force the hands of the states. -The layers of government collaborated in solving domestic issues. -The Supreme Court typically found for the national government if a conflict existed between the layers of government. -The Supreme Court maintained a precise separation of state power and national power.
The Supreme Court maintained a precise separation of state power and national power.
What led the British navy to blockade Boston's port during the period of the Boston Tea Party? -The city refused to hand over the patriots to British authorities. -They uncovered plans to destroy stores of sugar as a follow-up to the destruction of the tea. -The patriots refused to identify those who had participated in the action. -The city refused to pay for the destroyed tea.
The city refused to pay for the destroyed tea.
What is the method of selecting nominees for state and national offices that was introduced by Progressives and adopted by most states by the early 1900s? -The common people voted for nominees in primary elections. -The nominees were selected by party leaders. -The nominations were sold to the highest bidder. -Nominees were randomly drawn in a lottery.
The common people voted for nominees in primary elections.
What is the connection between the Lochner decision and the Hammer decision? -The earlier Lochner decision actually made the later Hammer decision unenforceable. -Both cases are indicative of the decidedly anti-business leanings of the early-twentieth-century Court. -The later Hammer decision reinforced the decision in earlier Lochner decision.
The earlier Lochner decision actually made the later Hammer decision unenforceable.
Which of the following has occurred under cooperative federalism? -The state governments have refused to accept support from the federal government. -The federal government has been more heavily involved in policy areas traditionally reserved for the states. -The state governments have together assumed powers that the national government traditionally held. -State governments have washed their hands of numerous responsibilities previously held by states.
The federal government has been more heavily involved in policy areas traditionally reserved for the states.
What best explains why European governments give the American colonies a degree of self-determination? -There was no political will in Europe to rein in the colonies. -None of the answers are correct. -The geographical distance that separated them was too great to do otherwise. -The Catholic and English churches both supported self-determination.
The geographical distance that separated them was too great to do otherwise.
Which of the following is the primary challenge made by states as to the constitutionality of federal grant programs? -States only challenge the constitutionality of federal grant programs when they want more money. -The grant programs intrude too heavily on the reserved powers of the states. -The federal income tax violates the Constitution, so funding is illegal. -The states are too dependent upon federal dollars.
The grant programs intrude too heavily on the reserved powers of the states.
Under the Articles of Confederation, what problem arose because the national government had no power to levy taxes on its citizens? -The nation could not maintain an army or navy. -States began to petition to secede from the nation. -The nation could not avoid economic wars with other nations. -The federal government began to grow at an alarming speed.
The nation could not maintain an army or navy.
Which of the following best describes the limit that dual federalism places on national government power? -Dual federalism does not limit the national government. -The national government is limited to providing national defense and enforcing foreign policy. -Dual federalism left racial policy up to the sole discretion of the -national government. -The national government is kept from extending its power into policy areas traditionally reserved for the states.
The national government is kept from extending its power into policy areas traditionally reserved for the states.
What had Daniel Shays' followers been promised during their Revolutionary War service? -Their wives and families would received direct aid. -Their land would not be confiscated for unpaid debts and back taxes. -They would be allowed to return home to harvest their crops during their service. -They would be paid bounties upon enlistment.
Their land would not be confiscated for unpaid debts and back taxes.
Why didn't Congress respond with troops when the governor asked for assistance during Shays' Rebellion? -Because slavery was the central issue, Congress hesitated to become involved. -Wealthy congressmen had no interest in quashing the rebellion. -There was an ongoing dispute between a congressional faction and the governor. -There were no troops to send.
There were no troops to send.
How did Madison view factions? -They are natural divisions, but no faction should gain full power. -They were necessary for any government to function properly, and when one is in control, government functions more efficiently. -The ones in the U.S. were rooted in the Revolution and would wane as memory of that war faded. -They are the product of a two-party system and illustrate the dangers of those systems.
They are natural divisions, but no faction should gain full power.
How are the media treated under an authoritarian government? -They typically comprise the only institution that provides an outlet for free speech. -They are illegal; there are no media. -They are tightly controlled.
They are tightly controlled.
Which of the following is true of American democratic political ideals? -They are based on a shared kinship that preceded the American government. -They come from European Enlightenment beliefs about individual worth. -They copied the standard governmental beliefs held in Europe in the 1600s. -They have always excluded ethnicity as a factor in measuring individual worth.
They come from European Enlightenment beliefs about individual worth.
When did North Carolina and Rhode Island ratify the Constitution? -They never officially ratified. -They waited until the first state (Delaware) had done so, and then ratified jointly. -They ratified only after the other 11 states had done so. -They were the first two states to ratify.
They ratified only after the other 11 states had done so.
As president, Andrew Jackson implemented much of what ______ had foreshadowed. -Benjamin Franklin -George Washington -John Adams -Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
Who argued that "A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse or rest on inference"? -George Washington -James Madison -John Adams -Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the principal writer of the Declaration of Independence? -Samuel Adams -Benjamin Franklin -Thomas Jefferson -Thomas Paine
Thomas Jefferson
Natural rights are defined as those possessed by all people. -True -False
True
True or false: Americans turn to the courts to make rights claims more often than people elsewhere in the world.
True
True or false: Madison and Hamilton thought that the federal structure would encourage the state and national governments to check each other if either became abusive to individual freedom.
True
True or false: Prior to the passage of the United States Constitution, many of the states governed under their own state constitutions that dated back to the colonial era.
True
True or false: The U.S. Constitution provides the method for choosing the country's leaders.
True
True or false: The principle of federalism has provoked frequent and bitter conflict from the time the Constitution was ratified.
True
Most historians assume that ______ role in the new government is what tipped the balance toward ratification of the Constitution? -Washington's -Jefferson's -Hamilton's -Franklin's
Washington's
The most significant change wrought by the Republican Revolution was the 1996 ______ Reform Act. -Welfare -Marriage -Military -Health
Welfare
Americans believed that too many people were getting undeserved benefits and federal programs had become too expensive.
Welfare Reform Act
What was the central question that led to establishing judicial review? -Why were there no checks on the judicial branch? -Who would make sure that the courts did not misinterpret the law? -For how long would a law be enforceable? -Who was to decide whether officials were operating within the limits of their constitutional powers?
Who was to decide whether officials were operating within the limits of their constitutional powers?
The Great Compromise created -a way to settle disputes between states and the central government for when they disagreed on how to use a shared power. -a treaty that ended the revolution and stopped the bloodshed. -a bicameral legislature with a lower house based on population and an upper house based on equal representation of the states. -an agreement to count slaves as three-fifths of a free person for both the purposes of taxation and counting representation in the Congress.
a bicameral legislature with a lower house based on population and an upper house based on equal representation of the states.
Madison argued in Federalist No. 10 that it is not the size of government that determines whether it serves the common good. Instead, this is determined by -the healthy debate engendered by a two-party system. -a broad range of interests that share political power. -an informed group of elite, property-owning voters. -a reliance on intellectuals and specialists to make decisions.
a broad range of interests that share political power.
John C. Calhoun argued that the United States was founded upon -the concept of national supremacy. -the commerce clause. -a government of the people. -a compact between the states.
a compact between the states.
Historian Charles Beard described the founding fathers who wrote our Constitution as -a group of wealthy individuals whose main goal was to keep power in the hands of the wealthy. -a group of extremely talented democratic politicians seeking practical answers to practical problems. -men who were each trying to preserve the power of their own state governments at the expense of the other states. -men who were capable politicians but were obsessed with the idea of white supremacy.
a group of wealthy individuals whose main goal was to keep power in the hands of the wealthy.
The French philosopher Montesquieu, whose ideas influenced the Anti-Federalists, claimed that what form of government would best serve people's interests? -a small republic -a confederacy -a large republic -a republic with universal suffrage
a small republic
What provision had been removed from Jefferson's initial draft of the Declaration of Independence at the insistence of southern states? -a statement that slavery was a foundational institution of the new nation -a declaration that slavery would be outlawed by 1808 -a statement critical of slavery -a plan to gradually free slaves and compensate owners
a statement critical of slavery
The Boston Tea Party happened in direct response to -the Boston Massacre. -a dispute over local government. -a tax on tea. -an assault on Boston residents.
a tax on tea.
The U.S. Constitution is rarely amended because -the Supreme Court often blocks proposed amendments. -citizens have voted down many amendments. -amending the Constitution is a difficult, two-step process. -the president often blocks proposed amendments.
amending the Constitution is a difficult, two-step process.
The framers' goal of a government that would not threaten liberty was to be accomplished by -provisions for the direct and indirect election of public officials. -substantial grants of power to the federal government. -an elaborate system of checks and balances. -federalism.
an elaborate system of checks and balances.
As a discipline, political science relies upon ______, which requires critical thinking. -inference -intuition -analysis -prediction
analysis
In its decision to uphold the National Labor Relations Act, along with a subsequent ruling, the Supreme Court declared that Congress's commerce power is -only impeded by the executive. -only impeded by the states. -something that must be strictly controlled by the other branches of government. -as broad as the nation needs it to be.
as broad as the nation needs it to be.
The text cites President Trump's decision to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris Agreement on climate change—even though two-thirds of Americans polled disagreed with the decision—as an example of -authority. -majoritarianism. -pluralism. -party polarization.
authority
The key point of Madison's Federalist No. 10 is that governments need to be structured carefully in order to ______ factions. -increase the number of -balance and control -eliminate -discourage communication between
balance and control
Andrew Jackson believed the public should -have less involvement in government. -have more faith in their leaders. -seek out education and wealth in order to participate in government. -be more fully involved in government.
be more fully involved in government.
As political leaders have become more willing to make deceptive claims, the public has -become more tolerant of the practice. -fought vocally and publicly against the practice. -become less tolerant of the practice. -wholeheartedly endorsed the practice.
become more tolerant of the practice.
Henri is a conservative Republican. This morning, he heard a news story describing how the local Democrat school board chair was allowing student scores to be artificially inflated. If Henri is guilty of confirmation bias, he will likely -be suspicious of the story. -believe the story without any further research. -call a Democrat friend to ask her opinion of the story. -refuse to believe the story.
believe the story without any further research.
Southern delegates to the Philadelphia convention were determined to -encourage federal oversight of interstate commerce. -block any attempt to end slavery. -ensure that a bicameral legislature was preserved. -encourage all efforts to promote industrial development in the South.
block any attempt to end slavery.
Thomas Jefferson's interpretation of Locke's ideas, as found in the Declaration of Independence, was a -call for revolution. -dialectic on the role of the individual in society. -philosophy for living. -framework of government.
call for revolution.
The principle of ____________ and _____________ is designed to prevent a branch of the government from exceeding its constitutional powers.
checks, balances
A dilemma that confronted the framers is that the threat to liberty is inherent in government because of its ______ power. -coercive -taxation -legislative -military
coercive
Americans' belief in self-government formed in -England. -western Europe, generally. -political societies in America, England, and continental Europe. -colonial America.
colonial America.
Which system grants sovereignty solely to non-central governments, thereby making the central government dependent on them? -confederation system -federal system -unitary system -civil system
confederation system
A key factor in the struggle between the national and state governments to define the boundaries of federal-state power has been -conflict between the president and state governors. -public support for federal policies compared with state policies. -the intent of the framers of the Constitution. -conflict between Congress and the state legislatures.
conflict between the president and state governors.
Which of the following is a system based on rule of law, including legal protections for individuals, empowering individuals by enabling them to claim their rights in court? -constitutional -authoritarian -democratic -free market
constitutional
When the Great Depression hit, Republican President Herbert Hoover -continued to fight against government intervention in the economy. -changed parties and announced he would run for reelection as a Democrat. -adopted a progressive Republican stance and called for federally funded "back to work" programs.
continued to fight against government intervention in the economy.
According to sociologist C. Wright Mills, who or what has greater control over economic policy than even elected officials have? -corporate elites -the American voter -the Office of the President -the intelligentsia
corporate elites
What term refers to the influence of business firms on public policy? -party polarization -corporate power -elitism -lobbying
corporate power
From the beginning of the Philadelphia convention, prominent delegates were determined to -implement universal male suffrage. -force a debate on the issue of slavery. -create a stronger central government. -follow Congress's instructions to the letter.
create a stronger central government.
Which of the following actions gave the national government more power than the states during George W. Bush's presidency? -the move to put more money into block grants instead of categorical grants -the government response to the economic crisis of 2008 -creation of the Department of Homeland Security -the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families block grant
creation of the Department of Homeland Security
Individualism in the U.S. is best described as -an unrecognized goal. -one of the ideals most deeply shared with Britain. -deeply ingrained. -decreasing in importance in the last century.
deeply ingrained.
A form of government in which the power to govern is in the hands of the citizens, either directly or through representatives, is called a(n) -democracy. -monarchy. -dictatorship. -oligarchy.
democracy.
One key risk of _________________ government is the potential for tyranny of the majority.
democratic
Which of the following is a system of majority rule through elections, empowering majorities, groups, and officials? -free market -constitutional -democratic -authoritarian
democratic
Powers specifically prohibited from belonging to the state and national governments in the Constitution are known as -federalism. -grants of power. -concurrent power. -denials of power.
denials of power.
The goal of the First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia in 1774, was to -declare war on Britain. -develop policy requirements for an improved relationship with Britain. -name George Washington commander in chief of the colonial armies. -write the Declaration of Independence. -develop policy requirements for an improved relationship with Britain.
develop policy requirements for an improved relationship with Britain.
In a(n) ______ form of democracy (for example, the type that might be conducted through town meetings) citizens decide policy instead of depending on elected representatives. -oligarchic -direct -autocratic -representative
direct
Liberals who only listen to liberal talk radio as a source of information are immersing themselves in a(n) -post-factual world. -echo chamber. -thought bubble. -hyper-critical environment.
echo chamber.
Despite the existence of institutions that encourage widespread participation, wealth gives rise to ______, the power that well-positioned and highly influential individuals have. -elitism -rational actors -pluralism -popularism
elitism
What are the powers specifically given to the national government by the Constitution called? -full -civic -enumerated -reserved
enumerated
Those powers expressly listed in the Constitution are referred to as -concurrent powers. -implied powers. -enumerated powers. -reserved powers.
enumerated powers.
What does the text describe as "America's most elusive ideal"? -self-government -individualism -equality -liberty
equality
The two trends that define federalism in the period from 1937 to the 1990s in the U.S. are -strict scrutiny of federal authority and expanded judicial oversight. -contraction of federal power and expansion of state power. -expansion and devolution of federal authority. -isolation of state power and internationalization of federal power.
expansion and devolution of federal authority.
The use of the commerce clause during the 1930s gave the ______ government(s) increased power. -foreign -federal -state -local
federal
The mechanism by which political authority is divided between national government and the states is -separated institutions. -judicial review. -federalism. -the Bill of Rights.
federalism.
John Adams publicly stated that the Constitution was designed -to provide guidelines, not rules. -to protect the "common people." -to be challenged. -for a governing elite.
for a governing elite.
When Republicans recaptured congressional control in 1994, they moved to -secure more congressional power and block state power. -give more power to the state and local governments. -use fewer block grants and more categorical grants. -impose more unfunded mandates on the states.
give more power to the state and local governments.
Money provided by the federal government to state and local governments to administer programs is called -federal assistance. -block grants. -cash transfers. -grants-in-aid.
grants-in-aid.
Under the Articles of Confederation, the states -had less power than the national government. -were equal partners with the national government in the new nation. -had more power than the national government. -were hampered by the national taxes it imposed.
had more power than the national government.
In the system of cooperative federalism, the states -have retained most of their traditional authority. -have become almost completely dependent on the federal government for policy decisions. -have become powerless in many areas where they were traditionally powerful.
have retained most of their traditional authority.
The obstacles to critical thinking have ______ in recent decades. -increased -remained remarkably consistent -only originated from the media system -decreased
increased
Which of the following describes the fact that what happens in a policy area at one level of government affects what happens at all other levels? -interconnectedness -interdependency -inter-agency -intermobility
interdependency
The president's ability to veto a bill -is a holdover from the Articles of Confederation. -is a check on Congress. -means that the executive branch is more powerful than the legislative branch. -means that a bill must go back to the House but not the Senate.
is a check on Congress.
Compared to categorical grants, the use of block grants -is less narrowly defined, which means the recipients enjoy greater discretion. -is less desirable, since the amounts are never as much as categorical grants. -carries the same requirements and limitations. -is more narrowly defined, with recipients having little discretion.
is less narrowly defined, which means the recipients enjoy greater discretion.
The notion of checks and balances -is meant to complement the concept of separation of powers. -is meant to bring the three branches of government together. -is meant to negate the concept of separation of powers. -creates a sense of unity in the federal government.
is meant to complement the concept of separation of powers.
The justices of the post-Civil War Supreme Court mostly favored -government control of health care and other social services. -state control of most issues. -a mixed economy. -laissez-faire capitalism.
laissez-faire capitalism.
The use of the courts as a means of asserting rights and interests is known as -political thinking. -legal action. -elitism. -constitutionalism.
legal action.
_______________ is the principle that individuals should be free to act and think as they choose, provided they do not infringe on the freedoms of others.
liberty
A government that is subject to strict legal limits on the uses of power so as not to threaten the people's liberty is a -unlimited government. -authoritarian government. -limited government. -representative government.
limited government.
When political leaders respond to the policy desires of the majority, it is referred to as -majoritarianism. -constitutionalism. -fascism. -pluralism.
majoritarianism.
Compared to other countries, the U.S. holds -far fewer elections. -about the same number of elections. -more elections.
more elections.
In the spirit of devolution, President Ronald Reagan proposed a type of federalism, called "______ federalism" that would give more control to the states and localities. -open -new -evolved -small
new
To pass legislative policies and ratify treaties under the Articles of Confederation, only ______ states were required to vote for it. -eleven -thirteen -seven -nine
nine
At the time that the Medicare and Medicaid programs were enacted, the public -overwhelmingly supported them. -was split almost 50/50 in their support. -opposed them by rather large margins.
overwhelmingly supported them.
An 1886 Supreme Court ruling determined that corporations were -interstate agencies. -persons. -subject only to national, not state, regulation. -intrastate agencies.
persons.
Which concept refers to the widely shared and deep-seated beliefs of a people about their politics? -political culture -popular culture -political thinking -social norms
political culture
The overall way in which society settles conflicts and allocates the resulting benefits and costs is called -voting. -public policy. -legislation. -politics.
politics.
One goal of the framers of the Constitution was to -preserve the states as governing entities. -prevent the federal government from interfering in commerce. -eliminate state governments in favor of one national government. -give more power to the states.
preserve the states as governing entities.
Regular voters select their party nominees through ______ elections. -secondary -tertiary -primary -quaternary
primary
Who or what owns the means of production in a free-market economic system? -Ownership is distributed among citizens by government. -state government -federal government -private firms
private firms
According to Andrew Jackson, what requirement should not be used to determine who has the right to vote? -sex -age -race -property
property
A particularly strong example of Americans' determination to build a more equal society is its -early advocacy of marriage equality. -two-party political system. -public education system. -early advocacy of granting (and enforcing) voting rights to all citizens.
public education system.
What was behind the 1990s-era rollback of federal authority? -the near elimination of poverty -public opinion -Reagan's hatred of communism -a near balance in Republican and Democratic power
public opinion
The state of California barred individual of Japanese descent from doing what? -working legally -voting -purchasing property -immigrating from other states
purchasing property
Concerning banks, Andrew Jackson sought to -increase their power. -deregulate them. -reduce their power. -rely on them to finance the government.
reduce their power.
Confirmation bias is the tendency to -reinterpret information in ways that reinforce what we already believe. -accuse everyone who disagrees with you of being uninformed. -immediately dismiss information that contradicts our world view. -blindly follow the "party line" on any issue.
reinterpret information in ways that reinforce what we already believe.
The challenge facing the framers was how to reconcile -the tyranny of the majority and the power of elites. -rights and entitlements. -natural law and man-made law. -representative government and limited government.
representative government and limited government.
Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the judicial branch's power of judicial ________________
review
The Philadelphia convention was called to -decide whether to ratify a treaty with Britain. -get a consensus on how to deal with Native American tribes on the western frontier. -revise the Articles of Confederation. -defeat Shays' army.
revise the Articles of Confederation.
Which of these ideals encompasses the principle that the people are the ultimate source of government authority and should have a voice in their governing? -individualism -liberty -self-government -equality
self-government
The House and the Senate (which together form the Congress) -are constitutionally required to work together for the good of the country. -are not allowed by the Constitution to disagree on bills. -share the lawmaking function in the United States. -are required to vote on bills that come from the president, although they can reject them.
share the lawmaking function in the United States.
The tools of political science attempt to -tell students what to think. -solicit donations for just causes. -sharpen students' understanding of American politics. -influence political beliefs.
sharpen students' understanding of American politics.
Compared to Americans who participated early opinion polls about public affairs, Americans today are -far better informed. -similarly uninformed. -far less informed.
similarly uninformed.
Which of the following issues divided the northern and southern states at the constitutional convention? -slavery -the Bill of Rights -the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court -the structure of Congress
slavery
According to John Locke's theory called the ______, people agree to form a government in order to protect society from the actions of dangerous individuals. -ratification debate -bill of rights -social contract -great compromise
social contract
As practiced today, ______ is a system in which the government stresses economic equality and owns a number of major industries. -capitalism -conservatism -libertarianism -socialism
socialism
Supreme and final governing authority is known as -militarism. -independence. -sovereignty. -federalism.
sovereignty.
Who or what holds the power in a pluralist system? -political parties -voters -government regulatory bodies -special interests
special interests
In Federalist No. 28, Hamilton stated that the people would have an "instrument of redress," should they wish to challenge established power. What was that instrument? -the right of secession -the power of the courts and the power of the judiciary against the executive -state power against national power, or national power against state power -the right to take up arms
state power against national power, or national power against state power
The Articles of Confederation created a union of -people. -states. -corporations. -political parties.
states.
Historical evidence suggests that a majority of wealthier Americans ______ ratification of the Constitution. -had no opinion concerning -supported -opposed
supported
Which British policy was the main source of dispute for the American colonists? -refusal to grant property rights -taxation without representation -interference with religious practices -imprisonment of local leaders
taxation without representation
In the U.S., what is the highest law of the land? -the Declaration of Independence -the U.S. Criminal Code -the Constitution -the federal judiciary
the Constitution
What document proclaimed that "Governments deriv[e] their just powers from the consent of the governed"? -the Magna Carta -the Declaration of Independence -the U.S. Constitution -the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
the Declaration of Independence
At the time the Constitution was created, what was the only institution that would be based on direct popular election? -the Senate -the House of Representatives -the presidency -the chief justice of the Supreme Court
the House of Representatives
When the president makes a treaty, it must be approved by -the Supreme Court. -both houses of Congress. -the Senate. -the House.
the Senate.
Since the 1930s, -the power of the federal government has reached an equilibrium with the power of the states. -the federal government has dramatically decreased its power. -the power of the federal government has stayed about the same. -the federal government has dramatically increased its power.
the federal government has dramatically increased its power.
Following the French and Indian War, Britain for the first time imposed what on the colonies? -the implementation of heavy taxation -the suspension of habeus corpus -the dissolution of elected assemblies -the suspension of the right to trial by jury
the implementation of heavy taxation
The concept of judicial review means that -the legislative and executive branches determine whether the judicial branch is correctly interpreting the law. -the executive branch determines the constitutionality of the bills that Congress passes. -the judicial branch verifies the constitutionality of all bills before Congress can pass them. -the judicial branch has the power to declare null and void government actions that it finds unconstitutional.
the judicial branch has the power to declare null and void government actions that it finds unconstitutional.
In a majority of the state conventions to ratify the Constitution (8 of 13), it was claimed that ______ would have the power to nullify actions that violated the Constitution. -the Senate -the judiciary -the House -the executive
the judiciary
At what point in American history did the influence of business firms on public policy become a defining feature of American politics? -the 1970s -the Great Depression era -the late 1800s -post-World War II
the late 1800s
The implied powers of Congress derive from which clause of the Constitution? -the necessary and proper clause -the commerce clause -the supremacy clause -the reserved powers clause
the necessary and proper clause
In the U.S., who or what is the ultimate source of governing authority? -political parties -the people -the elite -registered voters
the people
According to historian Charles Beard in his critique of the U.S. Constitution, what did wealthy Americans fear? -concentration of power -a lack of checks on authority -the poor -a weak executive
the poor
Who or what is responsible for executing court decisions? -the Supreme Court -the House -the Senate -the president
the president
In a pluralist system, who or what would have the most influence on policies regarding regulation of Internet service providers? -people who actually vote in elections -the general public -the Federal Communications Commission -the providers themselves
the providers themselves
The term party polarization refers to -the politics resulting from the recent rise of third parties that challenge the traditional power of Republicans and Democrats. -the situation resulting from the intense conflicts between Republicans and Democrats in recent years. -the observation that Republicans and Democrats have essentially become a single political party. -the dominance that occurs when one party controls the presidency and both houses of Congress.
the situation resulting from the intense conflicts between Republicans and Democrats in recent years.
Before the New Deal, who was responsible for assisting the poor? -no one -a handful of nongovernmental organizations -the states -the federal government
the states
Who among the following felt threatened by Shays' Rebellion? -the wealthy -farmers -soldiers -slaves
the wealthy
When the key pieces of the New Deal programs were struck down by the Supreme Court, President Franklin Roosevelt responded by -replacing his cabinet members. -adopting policies that were consistent with previous Supreme Court rulings. -not running for reelection in 1940. -threatening to pack the Court with his own justices.
threatening to pack the Court with his own justices.
How many distinct eras of federalism have occurred in the U.S.? -four -five -two -three
three
In America, majoritarianism occurs mainly -due to low voter turnout in minority communities. -through the competition between the Communist and Libertarian parties. -as a result of presidential appointments to the judicial branch. -through competition between the Republican and Democratic parties.
through competition between the Republican and Democratic parties.
Andrew Jackson argued that electoral votes should be -tied to the popular vote. -determined by House members. -eliminated entirely. -determined by senators.
tied to the popular vote.
Why does our Constitution contain checks and balances? -to ensure stalemate at key moments -to reduce the need for government accountability -to prevent the arbitrary use of power -to strengthen our military in times of war
to prevent the arbitrary use of power
According to the New Jersey Plan, what power in addition to those in the Articles of Confederation would the national government have? -to appoint Supreme Court justices -to tax -to declare war -to power to establish a cabinet
to tax
Federal laws that set up requirements for states without providing the money to pay for them are called ___________ mandates.
unfunded
Concerning power sharing, the U.S. is -comparable to most western European nations. -comparable to Russia. -unique. -comparable to India.
unique
A system in which the national government alone has sovereignty (final governing authority) is called a ______ system. -unitary -dispersed -federal -confederate
unitary
The American Revolution was partly a rebellion against Britain's failure to -uphold colonial traditions of self-government. -allow colonies to have representative assemblies. -extend its absolute monarchy to the colonies. -grant colonists the "rights of Englishmen."
uphold colonial traditions of self-government.
For the Federalists, the Bill of Rights -was modeled after the French constitution. -was modeled after the Georgia constitution. -was a political necessity to get the Constitution ratified. -was always intended to be developed in consultation with the state governments.
was a political necessity to get the Constitution ratified.
People who are said to live in an echo chamber are hearing -only their opponents' opinions. -everything. -nothing. -what they want to hear.
what they want to hear.
he "two Americas" referenced in the text are -liberal America and conservative America. -rich America and poor America. -urban America and rural America. -white America and black America.
white America and black America.
In a unitary system, all sovereignty rests -in the hands of the people. -on a local level. -with the national government. -with the regional governments.
with the national government.
