Fermentation

Which statement is false? 1. Alcohol fermentation allows yeast to survive in environments with fluctuating oxygen levels. 2. Alcohol fermentation allows yeast to continue to make ATP under anaerobic (anoxic) conditions. 3. Alcohol fermentation has been used for thousands of years to produce some foods and safe water supplies. 4. The ability of dough to rise is due to the accumulation of carbon dioxide molecules produced by yeast during alcohol fermentation. 5. Lactic acid is produced during alcohol fermentation in yeast.

5

Which statement is false? 1. Fermentation and glycolysis interact in the cytosol to enable our cells to continue ATP synthesis under anaerobic conditions. 2. Fermentation allows muscle cells to continue to make some ATP during periods of intense physical activity. 3. Fermentation produces NAD_ that enables glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions. 4. NAD+ is required for glycolysis to occur and to make ATP. 5. Fermentation enables our cells to make ATP under aerobic (O2) conditions.

5

Which statement is false? 1. Lactic acid fermentation allows human cells to continue ATP synthesis under anaerobic conditions. 2. The lactic acid produced during lactic acid fermentation can be converted to pyruvate and used to make more ATP or glucose. 3. Lactic acid fermentation produces the NAD+ that enables glycolysis to continue to make ATP in our cells under anaerobic conditions. 4. The relatively small amount of ATP produced during lactic acid fermentation cannot support the long term energy needs of our cells. 5. Human cells perform alcohol (ethanol) fermentation.

5

What are the functions of lactic acid fermentation?(3)

Allows the cell to continue making ATP by glycolysis under anaerobic conditions, allows glycolysis to make 2 ATPs from each glucose molecule in the absence of oxygen, and captures about 2.5-3.5% of the useful energy stored in a glucose molecule.

_______ conditions have low oxygen or no O2.

Anaerobic

What organisms use alcohol fermentation?

Baker's yeast and brewer's yeast.

The ___ produced by yeast during alcohol fermentation gives the ability of dough to rise and beer to bubble.

CO2

Where does fermentation occur?

Cytosol.

How does ethanol produce safe water supplies?

Ethanol has the ability to kill many pathogenic microbes that can contaminate water.

_________ enables cells to use glycolysis to produce ATP under anaerobic conditions.

Fermentation

What does fermentation allow?

Glycolysis to continue producing ATP in the cytosol.

How does lactic acid fermentation benefit our muscle cells and other cell types?

It allows muscle cells to continue to make ATP during periods of intense physical activity and also allows cells to continue making ATP when oxygen levels are low or non-existent.

What are the products of lactic acid fermentation? (4)

Lactate, NAD+, CO2, and 2 ATP

Fermentation converts NADH to ____.

NAD+

____ is a substrate for the glycolysis enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase.

NAD+

Does lactic acid fermentation produce enough ATP to support the energy it needs of our muscle cells over long periods of time?

No.

How do yeast benefit from the ability to alternate between cellular respiration and alcohol fermentation in their natural habitats?

They can produce a lot of ATP in aerobic conditions with cellular respiration and can produce little amounts of ATP in anaerobic conditions with alcohol fermentation.

Why does fermentation occur?

To support cellular respiration.

When does fermentation occur?

When oxygen levels are insufficient.

Pyruvate decarboxylase converts pyruvate from glycolysis to _________.

acetylaldehyde

What are the two enzymes that drive alcohol fermentation?

alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase

Our ancestors used ________ to produce important foods and safe water supplies.

alcohol fermentation

Which type of fermentation occurs in yeast cells?

alcohol fermentation

__________ is the process in baker's and brewer's yeast that enables glycolysis to produce ATP under anaerobic conditions.

alcohol fermentation

Alcohol dehydrogenase converts the carbohydrates produced in the first step to ______.

ethanol

______ kills many pathogenic microbes that can contaminate water supplies.

ethanol

Alcohol fermentation produces _______ and ___.

ethanol, CO2

What are the products of ethanol fermentation? (3)

ethanol, NAD+, and CO2

What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?

lactate and NAD+

What enzyme converts NADH to NAD+?

lactate dehydrogenase

What kind of fermentation do human cells require?

lactic acid fermentation

Which type of fermentation occurs in human cells?

lactic acid fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation benefit our ______ cells.

muscle

Cells can still make a small amount of ATP without _____ present.

oxygen

What are the reactants of ethanol fermentation?

pyruvate and NADH

What are the reactants of lactic acid fermentation?

pyruvate and NADH

What is the enzyme that converts NAD+ to NADH?

triose phosphate dehydrogenase