Fetal Pig Circulation and Respiration

External Iliac Artery

Artery in the pelvic region that takes blood to the hind legs.

Aorta

Artery that carries blood to the entire body except the heart and lungs.

Carotid Artery

Artery that carries oxygenated blood to the head region.

Femoral Artery

Artery that carries oxygenated blood to the leg region.

Major veins that enter the vena cava

Azygous, Internal thoracic, Brachiocephalic.

Major Differences in Fetal Circulation

Blood from placenta (nutrient/oxygen rich)-> umbilical vein-> some goes to liver and some goes through liver via channel called ductus venosus to the vena cava-> blood goes to right atrium-> Two pathways from here 1. Blood goes to right ventricle-> out of the pulmonary trunk through a branch called the ductus arteriosus-> into aorta (bypassing pulmonary circuit)-> to the rest of the body. 2. Blood goes to left atrium through the hole called the foramen ovale-> blood goes to left ventricle-> blood leaves aortic arch into the head region.

Pericardial Cavity

Body cavity where the heart is located.

Renal Veins

Bring blood back from the kidneys.

Common Iliac Veins

Bring blood from the hind body and legs.

Umbilical Veins

Bring blood from the placenta.

Hepatic Veins

Bring de-oxygenated blood from the liver and blood cleaned by the liver into the inferior vena cavae.

Internal Jugular Vein

Brings blood from the brain, the superficial face, and the neck.

External Jugular Vein

Brings blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face.

Axillary Vein

Brings blood from the remaining front leg.

Azygous Vein

Brings blood from the rib musculature into the superior vena cavae.

Subclavian Vein

Brings blood from the shoulder and front leg.

Cephalic Vein

Brings blood from the shoulder area.

Subscapular Vein

Brings blood from the shoulder area.

Internal Thoracic Veins

Brings blood from the thoracic wall into the superior vena cavae.

Trachea

Carries air to lungs, branches into bronchi.

Coronary Arteries

Carry blood to the tissue of the heart.

External jugular divides into...

Cephalic vein

Ductus Venosus

Channel through which nutrient/oxygen rich blood travels in fetal circulation.

Abdominal Branches of Aorta

Coeliac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, renal arteries, common iliac arteries.

Chordae Tendinae

Connect the cusps or flaps of the valves together and to muscle tissue.

Hepatic Portal System

Exchange oxygen from heart to digestive organs, and waste, as well as products of digestion into the circulatory system to be distributed to the liver.

Common iliac artery divides into...

External iliac artery, umbilical artery

Coeliac Artery

First major branch of the abdominal aorta, take blood to stomach and spleen.

Superior Vena Cavae

Given rise to by the merge of the subclavian and the internal jugular.

Lienogastric vein and mesenteric vein merge to form...

Hepatic Portal System

Vena Cava

Major vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

Hepatic Portal System Path

Oxygenated blood enters left ventricle-> blood pumped to the intestines via aorta-> capillary bed for absorption of nutrients and gases-> nutrients carried to a second capillary bed in the liver to exchange nutrients/toxins/gases-> blood then goes to vena cava.

Pulmonary Blood Circuit

Oxygenates blood.

Bicuspid/Mitral Valve

Prevents backflow of blood from left ventricle into the left atrium.

Tricuspid Valve

Prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle back into the right atrium.

Pulmonary Trunk Branches

Right and left pulmonary arteries, ductus arteriosus.

Brachiocephalic trunk divides into...

Right subclavian artery, common carotid artery.

Sulci

Separate atria from ventricles.

Ductus Arteriosus

Shunt which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch which allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus' fluid-filled and undeveloped lungs.

Bronchioles

Smaller tubes that branch from the bronchi, which lead to the alveoli.

Larynx

Space for air to travel from mouth to trachea.

Brachiocephalic vein divides into...

Subclavian, external jugular, internal jugular.

Subclavian artery divides into...

Subscapular artery, axillary artery.

Subclavian vein divides into...

Subscapular vein and axillary vein.

Renal Arteries

Take blood to kidney.

Subscapular Artery

Take blood to the dorsal shoulder region.

Axillary Artery

Take blood to the foreleg.

Common Carotid Arteries

Take blood to the head.

Pulmonary Trunk

Takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Common Iliac Artery

Takes blood to the hind body and leg.

Hepatic Portal Vein

Takes blood to the liver and forms a second capillary bed.

Umbilical Artery

Takes blood to the placenta.

Right Subclavian Artery

Takes blood to the right foreleg.

Cranial Mesenteric Artery

Takes blood to the small intestine via jejunal arteries.

Brachiocephalic Veins

The major branches of the superior vena cavae.

Alveoli

Thin-walled sacs, covered in capillaries, site of gas exchange.

Pericardial Sac

Tough membrane that covers the heart. Composed of parietal pericardium and parietal pleura.

Bronchi

Two branches off of the trachea.

Jugular Vein

Vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the head region back to the heart.